45 U.S.C. § 51 — Liability of common carriers by railroad, in

Page 4 TITLE 45—RAILROADS § 51 Sec. 59. Survival of right of action of person injured. 60. Penalty for suppression of voluntary informa- tion incident to accidents; separability. § 51. Liability of common carriers by railroad, in interstate or foreign commerce, for injuries to employees from negligence; employee de- fined Every common carrier by railroad while en- gaging in commerce between any of the several States or Territories, or between any of the States and Territories, or between the District of Columbia and any of the States or Terri- tories, or between the District of Columbia or any of the States or Territories and any foreign nation or nations, shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her per- sonal representative, for the benefit of the sur- viving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee’s parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin de- pendent upon such employee, for such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the neg- ligence of any of the officers, agents, or employ- ees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment. Any employee of a carrier, any part of whose duties as such employee shall be the furtherance of interstate or foreign commerce; or shall, in any way directly or closely and substantially, affect such commerce as above set forth shall, for the purposes of this chapter, be considered as being employed by such carrier in such com- merce and shall be considered as entitled to the benefits of this chapter. (Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 1, 35 Stat. 65; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 1, 53 Stat. 1404.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1939—Act Aug. 11, 1939, inserted last par. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE The Act of Apr. 22, 1908, as amended, which comprises this chapter, is popularly known as the ‘‘Employers’ Liability Act’’. The following are also popularly known as Employ- ers’ Liability Acts: June 11, 1906, ch. 3073, 34 Stat. 232 [Unconstitutional]. Apr. 5, 1910, ch. 143, 36 Stat. 291. See sections 56 and 59 of this title. Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, 53 Stat. 1404. See sections 51, 54, 56, and 60 of this title. § 52. Carriers in Territories or other possessions of United States Every common carrier by railroad in the Ter- ritories, the District of Columbia, the Panama Canal Zone, or other possessions of the United States shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in any of said jurisdictions, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her per- sonal representative, for the benefit of the sur- viving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee’s parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin de- pendent upon such employee, for such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the neg- ligence of any of the officers, agents, or employ- ees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment. (Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 2, 35 Stat. 65.) § 53. Contributory negligence; diminution of damages In all actions on and after April 22, 1908 brought against any such common carrier by railroad under or by virtue of any of the provi- sions of this chapter to recover damages for per- sonal injuries to an employee, or where such in- juries have resulted in his death, the fact that the employee may have been guilty of contribu- tory negligence shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be diminished by the jury in pro- portion to the amount of negligence attrib- utable to such employee: Provided, That no such employee who may be injured or killed shall be held to have been guilty of contributory neg- ligence in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee. (Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 3, 35 Stat. 66.) § 54. Assumption of risks of employment In any action brought against any common carrier under or by virtue of any of the provi- sions of this chapter to recover damages for in- juries to, or the death of, any of its employees, such employee shall not be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case where such injury or death resulted in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier; and no em- ployee shall be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee. (Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 4, 35 Stat. 66; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 1, 53 Stat. 1404.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1939—Act Aug. 11, 1939, inserted ‘‘where such injury or death resulted in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such car- rier; and no employee shall be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case’’ after ‘‘of his em- ployment in any case’’. § 54a. Certain Federal and State regulations deemed statutory authority A regulation, standard, or requirement in force, or prescribed by the Secretary of Trans- portation under chapter 201 of title 49 or by a State agency that is participating in investiga- tive and surveillance activities under section 20105 of title 49, is deemed to be a statute under sections 53 and 54 of this title.