13 U.S.C. § 16 — Address information reviewed by States and

Page 8 TITLE 13—CENSUS § 12 1 See References in Text note below. systems, and an amount necessary to maintain a rea- sonable operating reserve as determined by the Direc- tor.’’ § 12. Mechanical and electronic development The Secretary is authorized to have conducted mechanical and electronic development work as he determines is needed to further the functions and duties of carrying out the purposes of this title and may enter into such developmental contracts as he may determine to be in the best interest of the Government. (Added Pub. L. 85–207, § 5, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 481.) § 13. Procurement of professional services The Secretary shall have authority to con- tract with educational and other research orga- nizations for the preparation of monographs and other reports and materials of a similar nature. (Added Pub. L. 85–207, § 5, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 481.) [§ 14. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–473, § 2(a), June 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 221] Section, added Pub. L. 87–489, § 1(a), June 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 104, provided for reimbursement between appro- priations. See section 1534 of Title 31, Money and Fi- nance. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REPEALS Pub. L. 89–473, June 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 221, which re- pealed this section and struck out item 14 in the anal- ysis of sections comprising this chapter, was itself re- pealed by Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068. § 15. Leases for 1980 decennial census The 15 percent limitation contained in section 322 1 of the Act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 412) shall not apply to leases entered into by the Sec- retary for the purpose of carrying out the 1980 decennial census, but no lease may be entered into for such purpose at a rental in excess of 105 percent of the appraised fair annual rental of the leased premises, or a proportionate part of the appraised fair annual rental in the case of a lease for less than a year. (Added Pub. L. 96–52, § 1(a), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 358; amended Pub. L. 108–178, § 4(c), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 322 of the Act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 412), referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–678, § 7, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4052. AMENDMENTS 2003—Pub. L. 108–178 struck out ‘‘; 40 U.S.C. 278a’’ after ‘‘47 Stat. 412’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. § 16. Address information reviewed by States and local governments (a) The Secretary, to assist efforts to ensure the accuracy of censuses and surveys under this title, shall— (1) publish standards defining the content and structure of address information which States and local units of general purpose gov- ernment may submit to the Secretary to be used in developing a national address list; (2)(A) develop and publish a timetable for the Bureau to receive, review, and respond to submissions of information under paragraph (1) before the decennial census date; and (B) provide for a response by the Bureau with respect to such submissions in which the Bureau specifies its determinations regarding such information and the reasons for such de- terminations; and (3) be subject to the review process devel- oped under section 3 of the Census Address List Improvement Act of 1994 relating to re- sponses pursuant to paragraph (2). (b)(1) The Secretary— (A) shall provide officials who are designated as census liaisons by a local unit of general purpose government with access to census ad- dress information for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the address information of the Bureau for census and survey purposes; and (B) together with such access, should pro- vide an explanation of duties and obligations under this title. (2) Access under paragraph (1) shall be limited to address information concerning addresses within the local unit of general purpose govern- ment represented by the census liaison or an ad- jacent local unit of general purpose government. (3) The Bureau should respond to each rec- ommendation made by a census liaison con- cerning the accuracy of address information, in- cluding the determination (and reasons therefor) of the Bureau regarding each such recommenda- tion. (4) For the purposes of paragraph (1), in a case in which a local unit of general purpose govern- ment is within another local unit of general pur- pose government and is not independent of the enclosing unit, the census liaison shall be des- ignated by the local unit of general purpose gov- ernment which is within the enclosing local unit of general purpose government. (5) A census liaison may not use information made available under paragraph (1) for any pur- pose other than the purpose specified in para- graph (1). (c) For the purposes of this section— (1) the term ‘‘local unit of general purpose government’’ has the meaning given such term by section 184(1) of this title; and (2) the term ‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States. (Added Pub. L. 103–430, § 2(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4393.) Page 9 TITLE 13—CENSUS § 22 Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 3 of the Census Address List Improvement Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is section 3 of Pub. L. 103–430, set out below. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries DEVELOPMENT OF APPEALS PROCESS BY ADMINISTRATOR OF OFFICE OF INFORMATION AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS Pub. L. 103–430, § 3, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4394, pro- vided that: ‘‘The Administrator of the Office of Infor- mation and Regulatory Affairs, acting through the Chief Statistician and in consultation with the Bureau of the Census, shall develop an appeals process for those States and local units of general purpose govern- ment which desire to appeal determinations of the Bu- reau of the Census pursuant to section 16(a)(2) or (b)(3) of title 13, United States Code. Appeals under such process shall be resolved before the decennial census date. The Chief Statistician shall publish the proposed appeals process for a period of public comment before finalizing such process.’’ SUBCHAPTER II—OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES § 21. Director of the Census; duties (a) APPOINTMENT.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Bureau shall be headed by a Director of the Census, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, without regard to political af- filiation. (2) QUALIFICATIONS.—Such appointment shall be made from individuals who have a dem- onstrated ability in managing large organiza- tions and experience in the collection, anal- ysis, and use of statistical data. (b) TERM OF OFFICE.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The term of office of the Di- rector shall be 5 years, and shall begin on Jan- uary 1, 2012, and every fifth year thereafter. An individual may not serve more than 2 full terms as Director. (2) VACANCIES.—Any individual appointed to fill a vacancy in such position, occurring be- fore the expiration of the term for which such individual’s predecessor was appointed, shall be appointed for the remainder of that term. The Director may serve after the end of the Director’s term until reappointed or until a successor has been appointed, but in no event longer than 1 year after the end of such term. (3) REMOVAL.—An individual serving as Di- rector may be removed from office by the President. The President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal to both Houses of Congress not later than 60 days before the removal. (4) PERSONNEL ACTIONS.—Except as provided under paragraph (3), nothing in this subsection shall prohibit a personnel action otherwise au- thorized by law with respect to the Director of the Census, other than removal. (c) DUTIES.—The Director shall perform such duties as may be imposed upon the Director by law, regulations, or orders of the Secretary. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1014; Pub. L. 112–166, § 3(a), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1291.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 13, U.S.C., 1952 ed., § 2 (Mar. 6, 1902, ch. 139, § 3, 32 Stat. 51; June 18, 1929, ch. 28, § 21, 46 Stat. 26). The provision of section 2 of title 13, U.S.C., 1952 ed., which imposed upon the Director the duty to super- intend and direct the taking of censuses of the United States was omitted in view of 1950 Reorganization Plan No. 5, effective May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, which transferred all functions of all officers, employ- ees, bureaus, and agencies of the Department of Com- merce to the Secretary of Commerce, and this title, as revised, vests such duty in the Secretary. However, under section 4 of this title, he may delegate his func- tions hereunder. ‘‘Bureau’’ was substituted for ‘‘permanent Census Of- fice’’. See Revision Note to section 2 of this title. At the end of this section, references to regulations, and to orders of the Secretary, were added after ‘‘law’’ in view of the changes effected by 1950 Reorganization Plan No. 5, referred to above. Changes were made in phraseology. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2012—Pub. L. 112–166 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Bureau shall be headed by a Director of the Census, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director shall perform such duties as may be imposed upon him by law, regulations, or orders of the Secretary.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–166, § 6(b), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1295, pro- vided that: ‘‘The provisions of sections 3 and 4 [amend- ing this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] (including any amendments made by those sections) shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2012].’’ TRANSITION RULES Pub. L. 112–166, § 3(b), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1291, pro- vided that: ‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT OF INITIAL DIRECTOR.—The initial Director of the Bureau of the Census shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of section 21(a) of title 13, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a). ‘‘(2) INTERIM ROLE OF CURRENT DIRECTOR OF THE CEN- SUS AFTER DATE OF ENACTMENT.—If, as of January 1, 2012, the initial Director of the Bureau of the Census has not taken office, the officer serving on December 31, 2011, as Director of the Census (or Acting Director of the Census, if applicable) in the Department of Com- merce— ‘‘(A) shall serve as the Director of the Bureau of the Census; and ‘‘(B) shall assume the powers and duties of such Di- rector for one term beginning January 1, 2012, as de- scribed in section 21(b) of such title, as so amended.’’ TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 112–166, § 3(c), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1291, pro- vided that: ‘‘Not later than January 1, 2012, [sic] the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Direc- tor of the Census, shall submit to each House of the Congress draft legislation containing any technical and conforming amendments to title 13, United States Code, and any other provisions which may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section].’’ § 22. Qualifications of permanent personnel All permanent officers and employees of the Bureau shall be citizens of the United States.