42 U.S.C. § 16312 — Fusion energy sciences program

Page 8862 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16312 1 See References in Text note below. ment, demonstration, and commercial applica- tion in high energy physics, nuclear physics, bi- ological and environmental research, basic en- ergy sciences, advanced scientific computing re- search, and fusion energy sciences, including ac- tivities described in this part. The programs shall include support for facilities and infra- structure, education, outreach, information, analysis, and coordination activities. (b) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out research, development, demonstration, and commercial application ac- tivities of the Office of Science, including activi- ties authorized under this part (including the amounts authorized under the amendment made by section 976(b) 1 and including basic energy sciences, advanced scientific and computing re- search, biological and environmental research, fusion energy sciences, high energy physics, nu- clear physics, research analysis, and infrastruc- ture support)— (1) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; (2) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; (3) $5,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; (4) $5,814,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; (5) $5,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; (6) $5,614,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and (7) $6,007,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. (c) Allocations From amounts authorized under subsection (b), the following sums are authorized: (1) For activities under the Fusion Energy Sciences program (including activities under section 16312 of this title)— (A) $355,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; (B) $369,500,000 for fiscal year 2008; (C) $384,800,000 for fiscal year 2009; and (D) in addition to the amounts authorized under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), such sums as may be necessary for ITER con- struction, consistent with the limitations of section 16312(c)(5) of this title. (2) For activities under the catalysis re- search program under section 16313 of this title— (A) $36,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; (B) $38,200,000 for fiscal year 2008; and (C) such sums as may be necessary for fis- cal year 2009. (3) For activities under the Systems Biology Program under section 16317 of this title such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009. (4) For activities under the Energy and Water Supplies program under section 16319 of this title, $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009. (5) For the energy research fellowships pro- grams under section 16324 of this title, $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009. (6) For the advanced scientific computing activities under section 976— 1 (A) $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; (B) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and (C) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. (7) For the science and engineering edu- cation pilot program under section 16323 of this title— (A) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008; and (B) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. (d) Integrated bioenergy research and develop- ment In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this section, there are authorized to be appro- priated to the Secretary for integrated bio- energy research and development programs, projects, and activities, $49,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2005 through 2009. Activities funded under this subsection shall be coordi- nated with ongoing related programs of other Federal agencies, including the Plant Genome Program of the National Science Foundation. Of the funds authorized under this subsection, at least $5,000,000 for each fiscal year shall be for training and education targeted to minority and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 971, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 898; Pub. L. 110–69, title V, § 5007, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 111–358, title IX, § 903, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4045.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This part, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original ‘‘this subtitle’’, meaning subtitle G (§§ 971–984A) of title IX of Pub. L. 109–58, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 898, which enacted this part and amended section 5523 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of subtitle G to the Code, see Tables. Section 976, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c)(6), is section 976 of Pub. L. 109–58. Subsection (a) of section 976 is classified to section 16316 of this title and sub- section (b) of section 976 amended section 5523 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. AMENDMENTS 2011—Subsec. (b)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 111–358 added pars. (5) to (7). 2007—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–69 added par. (4). § 16312. Fusion energy sciences program (a) Declaration of policy It shall be the policy of the United States to conduct research, development, demonstration, and commercial applications to provide for the scientific, engineering, and commercial infra- structure necessary to ensure that the United States is competitive with other countries in providing fusion energy for its own needs and the needs of other countries, including by dem- onstrating electric power or hydrogen produc- tion for the United States energy grid using fu- sion energy at the earliest date. (b) Planning (1) In general Not later than 180 days after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a plan (with proposed cost estimates, budgets, and lists of potential international partners) for the implementation of the policy described in subsection (a) in a manner that ensures that— (A) existing fusion research facilities are more fully used; Page 8863 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16313 (B) fusion science, technology, theory, ad- vanced computation, modeling, and simula- tion are strengthened; (C) new magnetic and inertial fusion re- search and development facilities are se- lected based on scientific innovation and cost effectiveness, and the potential of the facilities to advance the goal of practical fu- sion energy at the earliest date practicable; (D) facilities that are selected are funded at a cost-effective rate; (E) communication of scientific results and methods between the fusion energy science community and the broader sci- entific and technology communities is im- proved; (F) inertial confinement fusion facilities are used to the extent practicable for the purpose of inertial fusion energy research and development; (G) attractive alternative inertial and magnetic fusion energy approaches are more fully explored; and (H) to the extent practicable, the rec- ommendations of the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee in the report on workforce planning, dated March 2004, are carried out, including periodic reassessment of program needs. (2) Costs and schedules The plan shall also address the status of and, to the extent practicable, costs and schedules for— (A) the design and implementation of international or national facilities for the testing of fusion materials; and (B) the design and implementation of international or national facilities for the testing and development of key fusion tech- nologies. (c) United States participation in ITER (1) In general There is authorized United States participa- tion in the construction and operations of the ITER project, as agreed to under the April 25, 2007 ‘‘Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organiza- tion for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project’’. The Director shall coordinate and carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to this Agreement. (2) Report Not later than 1 year after the date of enact- ment of this section, the Secretary shall sub- mit to Congress a report providing an assess- ment of the most recent schedule for ITER that has been approved by the ITER Council. (3) Authorization of appropriations Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 18645(o) of this title, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the construction of ITER— (A) $374,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; (B) $379,700,000 for fiscal year 2023; (C) $419,250,000 for fiscal year 2024; (D) $415,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; (E) $370,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and (F) $411,078,000 for fiscal year 2027. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 972, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2008(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10105(b), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1445.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–260, which enacted subsec. (c) of this section and was approved Dec. 27, 2020. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (c)(3)(B) to (F). Pub. L. 117–167 added subpars. (B) to (F) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: ‘‘$281,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2025.’’ 2020—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to United States participation in ITER. § 16313. Solar Fuels Research Initiative (a) Initiative (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out a research ini- tiative, to be known as the ‘‘Solar Fuels Re- search Initiative’’ (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Initiative’’) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful for the practical development of experimental systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy. (2) Leveraging In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall lever- age expertise and resources from— (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the Biological and Environmental Re- search Program of the Office of Science; and (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Re- newable Energy. (3) Teams (A) In general In carrying out the Initiative, the Sec- retary shall organize activities among mul- tidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the max- imum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector. (B) Goals The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. (C) Resources The Secretary shall provide sufficient re- sources to the multidisciplinary teams de- scribed in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Sec- retary. (4) Additional activities The Secretary may organize additional ac- tivities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.