34 U.S.C. § 11293 — Duties and functions of the Adminis-

Page 286 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11293 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘case.’’ of par. (1) of this section, which is section 403 of the Ju- venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–415, as added by section 660 of the Com- prehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, sub- pars. (A) and (B) read as follows: ‘‘(A) the circumstances surrounding such individual’s disappearance indicate that such individual may pos- sibly have been removed by another from the control of such individual’s legal custodian without such custodian’s consent; or ‘‘(B) the circumstances of the case strongly indicate that such individual is likely to be abused or sexually exploited;’’. 1999—Par. (3). Pub. L. 106–71 added par. (3). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–267 effective Oct. 11, 2018, and applicable to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2018, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–267, set out as a note under section 11291 of this title. § 11293. Duties and functions of the Adminis- trator (a) Description of activities The Administrator shall— (1) issue such rules as the Administrator considers necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter; (2) make such arrangements as may be nec- essary and appropriate to facilitate effective coordination among all federally funded pro- grams relating to missing children (including the preparation of an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating such coordination); (3) provide for the furnishing of information derived from the national toll-free hotline, es- tablished under subsection (b)(1), to appro- priate entities; (4) coordinate with the United States Inter- agency Council on Homelessness to ensure that homeless services professionals are aware of educational resources and assistance pro- vided by the Center regarding child sexual ex- ploitation; (5) provide adequate staff and agency re- sources which are necessary to properly carry out the responsibilities pursuant to this sub- chapter; and (6) not later than 180 days after the end of each fiscal year, submit a report to the Presi- dent, Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Education and the Work- force of the House of Representatives, the President pro tempore of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate— (A) containing a comprehensive plan for facilitating cooperation and coordination in the succeeding fiscal year among all agen- cies and organizations with responsibilities related to missing children; (B) identifying and summarizing effective models of Federal, State, and local coordina- tion and cooperation in locating and recov- ering missing children; (C) identifying and summarizing effective program models that provide treatment, counseling, or other aid to parents of miss- ing children or to children who have been the victims of abduction; (D) describing how the Administrator sat- isfied the requirements of paragraph (4) in the preceding fiscal year; (E) describing in detail the number and types of telephone calls received in the pre- ceding fiscal year over the national toll-free hotline established under subsection (b)(1)(A), the number and types of commu- nications referred to the national commu- nications system established under section 11231 of this title, and the number and types of reports to the CyberTipline established under subsection (b)(1)(K)(i); (F) describing in detail the activities in the preceding fiscal year of the national re- source center and clearinghouse established under subsection (b)(2); (G) describing all the programs for which assistance was provided under section 11294 of this title in the preceding fiscal year; (H) summarizing the results of all research completed in the preceding year for which assistance was provided at any time under this subchapter; and (I)(i) identifying each clearinghouse with respect to which assistance is provided under section 11294(a)(9) of this title in the preceding fiscal year; (ii) describing the activities carried out by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year; (iii) specifying the types and amounts of assistance (other than assistance under sec- tion 11294(a)(9) of this title) received by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year; and (iv) specifying the number and types of missing children cases handled (and the number of such cases resolved) by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year and sum- marizing the circumstances of each such cases.1 (b) Annual grant to National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (1) In general The Administrator shall annually make a grant to the Center, which shall be used to— (A)(i) operate a national 24-hour toll-free call center to which individuals may— (I) report child sexual exploitation and the location of any missing child; and (II) request information pertaining to procedures necessary to reunite such child with such child’s parent; (ii) manage the AMBER Alert Secondary Distribution Program; and (iii) coordinate the operation of such hot- line with the operation of the national com- munications system referred to in part C of subchapter III; (B) operate the official national resource center and information clearinghouse for missing and exploited children; (C) provide to State and local govern- ments, public and private nonprofit agen- cies, State and local educational agencies, and individuals, information regarding— (i) free or low-cost legal, food, lodging, and transportation services that are avail- Page 287 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11293 able for the benefit of missing and ex- ploited children and their families; (ii) the existence and nature of programs being carried out by Federal agencies to assist missing and exploited children and their families; and (iii) innovative and model programs, services, and legislation that benefit miss- ing and exploited children; (D) coordinate public and private programs that locate, recover, or reunite missing chil- dren with their parents; (E) provide technical assistance and train- ing to families, law enforcement agencies, State and local governments, elements of the criminal justice system, nongovern- mental agencies, local educational agencies, and the general public— (i) in the prevention, investigation, pros- ecution, and treatment of cases involving missing and exploited children; (ii) to respond to foster children missing from the State child welfare system in co- ordination with child welfare agencies and courts handling juvenile justice and de- pendency matters; and (iii) in the identification, location, and recovery of victims of, and children at risk for, child sex trafficking; (F) provide assistance to parents, law en- forcement agencies, State and local govern- ments, nongovernmental agencies, child- serving professionals, and other individuals involved in the location and recovery of missing and abducted children nationally and, in cooperation with the Department of State, internationally; (G) provide technical assistance and case- related resources, including— (i) referrals to— (I) child-serving professionals involved in helping to recover missing and ex- ploited children; and (II) law enforcement officers in their efforts to identify, locate, and recover missing and exploited children; and (ii) searching public records databases and publicly accessible open source data to— (I) locate and identify potential abduc- tors and offenders involved in attempted or actual abductions; and (II) identify, locate, and recover ab- ducted children; (H) provide forensic and direct on-site technical assistance and consultation to families, law enforcement agencies, child- serving professionals, and nongovernmental organizations in child abduction and exploi- tation cases, including facial reconstruction of skeletal remains and similar techniques to assist on long-term missing child cases in the identification of unidentified deceased children; (I) provide education, technical assistance, and information to— (i) nongovernmental organizations with respect to procedures and resources to con- duct background checks on individuals working with children; and (ii) law enforcement agencies with re- spect to identifying and locating non- compliant sex offenders; (J) facilitate the deployment of the Na- tional Emergency Child Locator Center to assist in reuniting missing children with their parents during periods of national dis- asters; (K) work with families, law enforcement agencies, electronic service providers, elec- tronic payment service providers, tech- nology companies, nongovernmental organi- zations, and others on methods to reduce the existence and distribution of online images and videos of sexually exploited children— (i) by operating a CyberTipline to— (I) provide to individuals and elec- tronic service providers an effective means of reporting internet-related and other instances of child sexual exploi- tation in the areas of— (aa) possession, manufacture, and distribution of child sexual abuse ma- terial; (bb) online enticement of children for sexual acts; (cc) child sex trafficking; (dd) extraterritorial child sexual abuse and exploitation; (ee) child sexual molestation; (ff) unsolicited obscene material sent to a child; (gg) misleading domain names; and (hh) misleading words or digital im- ages on the internet; and (II) make reports received through the CyberTipline available to the appro- priate law enforcement agency for its re- view and potential investigation; and (ii) by operating a child victim identi- fication program to assist law enforcement agencies in identifying victims of child sexual abuse material and other sexual crimes and to support the recovery of chil- dren from sexually exploitative situations, including by providing information on legal remedies available to such victims; (L) provide support services, consultation, and assistance to missing and sexually ex- ploited children, parents, their families, and child-serving professionals on— (i) recovery support, including coun- seling recommendations and community support; (ii) family and peer support; (iii) requesting the removal of child sex- ual abuse material and sexually exploitive content depicting children from the inter- net, including by assisting with requests to providers (as defined in section 2258E of title 18) to remove visual depictions of vic- tims that— (I) constitute or are associated with child sexual abuse material; or (II) do not constitute child sexual abuse material but are sexually sugges- tive; (M) develop and disseminate programs and educational information to families, child- Page 288 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11293 2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. 3 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘; and’’. serving professionals, law enforcement agen- cies, State and local governments, non- governmental organizations, schools, local educational agencies, child-serving organiza- tions, and the general public on— (i) the prevention of missing children and child sexual exploitation; and (ii) internet safety, including tips and strategies to promote safety for children using technology (including social media) and reduce risk relating to— (I) cyberbullying; (II) child sex trafficking; (III) youth-produced child sexual abuse material or sexting; (IV) sextortion; and (V) online enticement; (N) provide technical assistance and train- ing to local educational agencies, schools, State and local law enforcement agencies, individuals, and other nongovernmental or- ganizations that assist with finding missing and abducted children in identifying and re- covering such children and preventing child sexual exploitation; (O) coordinate with and provide technical assistance to Federal, State, and local gov- ernment agencies relating to cases of chil- dren missing from a State or Tribal child welfare system and assist the efforts of law enforcement agencies and State and Tribal child welfare agencies in— (i) coordinating to ensure the reporting, documentation, and resolution of cases in- volving children missing from a State or Tribal child welfare system; and (ii) responding to foster children missing from a State or Tribal child welfare sys- tem; and (P) provide technical assistance and recov- ery support services to law enforcement agencies and first responders in identifying, locating, and recovering victims of, and chil- dren at risk for, child sex trafficking. (2) Limitation (A) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no Federal funds may be used to pay the compensation of an individual employed by the Center if such compensation, as deter- mined at the beginning of each grant year, exceeds 110 percent of the maximum annual salary payable to a member of the Federal Government’s Senior Executive Service (SES) for that year. The Center may com- pensate an employee at a higher rate pro- vided the amount in excess of this limitation is paid with non-Federal funds. (B) Definition of compensation For the purpose of this paragraph, the term ‘‘compensation’’— (i) includes salary, bonuses, periodic pay- ments, severance pay, the value of a com- pensatory or paid leave benefit not ex- cluded by clause (ii), and the fair market value of any employee perquisite or ben- efit not excluded by clause (ii); and (ii) excludes any Center expenditure for health, medical, or life insurance, or dis- ability or retirement pay, including pen- sions benefits. (c) National incidence studies The Administrator, either by making grants to or entering into contracts with public agen- cies or nonprofit private agencies, shall— (1) triennially conduct national incidence studies to determine for a given year the ac- tual number of children reported missing each year, the number of children who are victims of abduction by strangers, the number of chil- dren who are the victims of parental kidnappings, and the number of children who are recovered each year; (2) provide to State and local governments, public and private nonprofit agencies, and in- dividuals information to facilitate the lawful use of school records and birth certificates, in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. 1232g) 2 to identify and locate missing chil- dren 3 (3) publish an analysis of the information de- termined under paragraph (1) that includes disaggregated demographic data and compari- son of such data to demographic data from the census. (d) Independent status of other Federal agencies Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed to grant to the Administrator any law enforcement responsibility or supervisory au- thority over any other Federal agency. (Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, § 404, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2126; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7285, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4459; Pub. L. 101–204, title X, § 1004(2), Dec. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 1828; Pub. L. 106–71, § 2(c), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, § 12221(b)(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894; Pub. L. 108–21, title III, §§ 321(b), 323, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 664, 665; Pub. L. 108–96, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1172; Pub. L. 110–240, § 3, June 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 1561; Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b), Sept. 30, 2013, 127 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 114–22, title II, § 211, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 249; Pub. L. 115–141, div. Q, title II, § 201, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c), Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3757; Pub. L. 115–393, title II, § 202(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5268; Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b), June 17, 2024, 138 Stat. 1439.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is section 513 of Pub. L. 93–380, title V, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 571, which en- acted section 1232g of Title 20, Education, and provi- sions set out as notes under sections 1221 and 1232g of Title 20. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Amendment note set out under section 1221 of Title 20 and Tables. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 5773 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Page 289 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11293 Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 404 of Pub. L. 93–415 amended section 3882 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and was repealed by Pub. L. 95–115, § 10, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1061, and Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, § 12221(a)(4), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894. AMENDMENTS 2024—Subsec. (a)(6)(E). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘the CyberTipline established’’ for ‘‘the tipline established’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘call center to which individuals may—’’ and subcls. (I) and (II) for ‘‘hotline by which individuals may report information regarding the location of any missing child, and request information pertaining to procedures necessary to reunite such child with such child’s parent; and’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(A)(ii), (iii), added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cl. (ii) as (iii). Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘with their parents’’ for ‘‘with their families’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(C), sub- stituted ‘‘to parents’’ for ‘‘to families’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(D), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: ‘‘provide support and technical assist- ance to child-serving professionals involved in helping to recover missing and exploited children by searching public records databases to help in the identification, location, and recovery of such children, and help in the location and identification of potential abductors and offenders;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(E), inserted ‘‘on long-term missing child cases’’ after ‘‘techniques to assist’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(I). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(F), added sub- par. (I) and struck out former subpar. (I) which read as follows: ‘‘provide training, technical assistance, and in- formation to nongovernmental organizations relating to non-compliant sex offenders and to law enforcement agencies in identifying and locating such individuals;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(J). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(G), sub- stituted ‘‘with their parents’’ for ‘‘with their families’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(i). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(i)(I), substituted ‘‘CyberTipline’’ for ‘‘tipline’’ in introduc- tory provisions. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(i)(I)(aa). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(i)(II)(aa), substituted ‘‘child sexual abuse material’’ for ‘‘child pornography’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(i)(I)(dd). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(i)(II)(bb), substituted ‘‘extraterritorial child sexual abuse and exploitation’’ for ‘‘sex tourism involv- ing children’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(i)(I)(ee). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(i)(II)(cc), struck out ‘‘extra-familial’’ before ‘‘child’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(i)(II). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(i)(III), substituted ‘‘CyberTipline’’ for ‘‘tipline’’ and inserted ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(ii). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘child sexual abuse material and other sexual crimes and’’ for ‘‘child pornography and other sexual crimes’’ and ‘‘, including by providing information on legal remedies available to such victims;’’ for ‘‘; and’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(K)(iii). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(H)(iii), struck out cl. (iii) which read as follows: ‘‘by utilizing emerging technologies to provide additional outreach and educational materials to parents and families;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(L). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(J), added sub- par. (L). Former subpar. (L) redesignated (M). Subsec. (b)(1)(M). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(I), (K)(i), re- designated subpar. (L) as (M) and inserted ‘‘edu- cational’’ before ‘‘information to families’’ in introduc- tory provisions. Former subpar. (M) redesignated (N). Subsec. (b)(1)(M)(i). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(K)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘missing children and child’’ for ‘‘child abduc- tion and’’ and inserted ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(M)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(K)(iii), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows: ‘‘(ii) internet safety, including tips for social media and cyberbullying; and ‘‘(iii) sexting and sextortion;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(N). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(I), (L), redes- ignated subpar. (M) as (N) and inserted ‘‘and preventing child sexual exploitation’’ after ‘‘recovering such chil- dren’’. Former subpar. (N) redesignated (O). Subsec. (b)(1)(O). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(M), added subpar. (O) and struck out former subpar. (O) which read as follows: ‘‘assist the efforts of law enforcement agencies in coordinating with child welfare agencies to respond to foster children missing from the State wel- fare system; and’’. Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(I), redesignated subpar. (N) as (O). Former subpar. (O) redesignated (P). Subsec. (b)(1)(P). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(2)(I), (N), redes- ignated subpar. (O) as (P) and inserted ‘‘and recovery support services’’ after ‘‘technical assistance’’. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 118–65, § 2(b)(3), added par. (3). 2018—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(1)(A), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(1)(A), amended par. (3) identi- cally, substituting ‘‘hotline’’ for ‘‘telephone line’’. Subsec. (a)(6)(E). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(1)(B), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(1)(B), amended subpar. (E) identi- cally, substituting ‘‘hotline’’ for ‘‘telephone line’’ and ‘‘(b)(1)(A),’’ for ‘‘(b)(1)(A) and’’ and inserting ‘‘, and the number and types of reports to the tipline established under subsection (b)(1)(K)(i)’’ before semicolon at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(A), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(2)(A), amended cl. (i) identi- cally, substituting ‘‘hotline’’ for ‘‘telephone line’’ and ‘‘parent’’ for ‘‘legal custodian’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(A)(i), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(2)(A)(i), amended cl. (ii) identi- cally, substituting ‘‘hotline’’ for ‘‘telephone line’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(B)(i), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(2)(B)(i), amended cl. (i) identi- cally, substituting ‘‘food’’ for ‘‘restaurant’’ and strik- ing out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(B)(ii), (iii), and Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(2)(B)(ii), (iii), amended subsec. (b)(1)(C) identically, adding cl. (iii). Subsec. (b)(1)(E) to (V). Pub. L. 115–393, § 202(c)(2)(C)–(L), made amendments to subpars. (E) to (V) substantially identical to those made by Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C)–(L). See Amendment notes below. Text of subsec. (b)(1)(E) to (V) is based on amendments by Pub. L. 115–267. Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(D), (H), re- designated subpar. (H) as (E) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide technical assistance and training to law enforcement agencies, State and local governments, elements of the criminal justice system, public and private nonprofit agencies, and individuals in the prevention, investiga- tion, prosecution, and treatment of cases involving missing and exploited children, including cases involv- ing children with developmental disabilities such as au- tism;’’. Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (E) which read as follows: ‘‘disseminate, on a national basis, information relating to innovative and model programs, services, and legislation that benefit missing and exploited children;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(D), (I), re- designated subpar. (I) as (F) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide as- sistance to families and law enforcement agencies in locating and recovering missing and exploited children, both nationally and, in cooperation with the Depart- ment of State, internationally;’’. Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (F) which related to requirement to annually provide the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Page 290 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11293 certain information based on reports received by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(D), (I), re- designated subpar. (J) as (G) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide an- alytical support and technical assistance to law en- forcement agencies through searching public records databases in locating and recovering missing and ex- ploited children and helping to locate and identify ab- ductors;’’. Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (G) which read as follows: ‘‘provide, at the request of State and local governments, and public and private non- profit agencies, guidance on how to facilitate the law- ful use of school records and birth certificates to iden- tify and locate missing children;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(D), (I), re- designated subpar. (K) as (H) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide di- rect on-site technical assistance and consultation to law enforcement agencies in child abduction and ex- ploitation cases;’’. Former subpar. (H) redesignated (E). Pub. L. 115–141 inserted ‘‘, including cases involving children with developmental disabilities such as au- tism’’ before semicolon at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(I). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(E), (J), redes- ignated subpar. (N) as (I) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide training and assistance to law enforcement agencies in identifying and locating non-compliant sex offenders;’’. Former subpar. (I) redesignated (F). Subsec. (b)(1)(J). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(E), redesig- nated subpar. (O) as (J). Former subpar. (J) redesig- nated (G). Subsec. (b)(1)(K). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(F), (K), re- designated subpar. (Q) as (K) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘work with law enforcement, Internet service providers, electronic payment service providers, and others on methods to reduce the distribution on the Internet of images and videos of sexually exploited children;’’. Former subpar. (K) redesignated (H). Subsec. (b)(1)(L). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(G), (L), re- designated subpar. (S) as (L), and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text related to development and dissemination of programs and information on preven- tion of child abduction and sexual exploitation and internet safety. Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (L) which read as follows: ‘‘provide forensic technical as- sistance and consultation to law enforcement and other agencies in the identification of unidentified deceased children through facial reconstruction of skeletal re- mains and similar techniques;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(M). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(G), (L), re- designated subpar. (T) as (M) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘provide technical assistance and training to State and local law enforcement agencies and statewide clearinghouses to coordinate with State and local educational agencies in identifying and recovering missing children;’’. Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (M) which read as follows: ‘‘track the incidence of at- tempted child abductions in order to identify links and patterns, and provide such information to law enforce- ment agencies;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(N). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(G), redesig- nated subpar. (U) as (N). Former subpar. (N) redesig- nated (I). Subsec. (b)(1)(O). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(G), redesig- nated subpar. (V) as (O). Former subpar. (O) redesig- nated (J). Subsec. (b)(1)(P). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (P) which related to cyber tipline for re- porting Internet-related child sexual exploitation. Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(F), redesig- nated subpar. (Q) as (K). Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(C), struck out subpar. (R) which read as follows: ‘‘operate a child victim identification program in order to assist the ef- forts of law enforcement agencies in identifying vic- tims of child pornography and other sexual crimes;’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(S) to (V). Pub. L. 115–267, § 2(c)(2)(G), re- designated subpars. (S) to (V) as (L) to (O), respec- tively. 2015—Subsec. (b)(1)(P)(iii). Pub. L. 114–22 substituted ‘‘child sex trafficking, including child prostitution’’ for ‘‘child prostitution’’. 2013—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(1)(C), added par. (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5). Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(1)(B), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted ‘‘Representatives, the Committee on Edu- cation and the Workforce of the House of Representa- tives,’’ for ‘‘Representatives, and’’ and inserted ‘‘, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate’’ after ‘‘Senate’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(1)(B), redesignated par. (5) as (6). Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(2)(A)(i), in in- troductory provisions, struck out ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘govern- ments,’’ and inserted ‘‘State and local educational agencies,’’ after ‘‘nonprofit agencies,’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(T) to (V). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(2)(A)(ii)–(iv), added subpars. (T) to (V). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(2)(B), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘There is authorized to be appropriated to the Admin- istrator to carry out this subsection, $40,000,000 for fis- cal year 2008 and such sums as may be necessary for fis- cal years 2009 through 2013.’’ Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(3), substituted ‘‘triennially’’ for ‘‘periodically’’ and ‘‘kidnappings’’ for ‘‘kidnapings’’. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–38, § 2(b)(4), inserted ‘‘, in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. 1232g)’’ after ‘‘birth cer- tificates’’. 2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–240, § 3(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) con- sisted of subpars. (A) to (H) relating to annual grants to Center. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–240, § 3(2), substituted ‘‘$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2009 through 2013’’ for ‘‘$20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008’’. 2003—Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 108–21, § 323, added sub- par. (H). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–96 substituted ‘‘2008’’ for ‘‘2005’’. Pub. L. 108–21, § 321(b), substituted ‘‘$20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2005’’ for ‘‘$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003’’. 2002—Subsec. (a)(5)(E). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted ‘‘section 5714–11’’ for ‘‘section 5712a’’. 1999—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 106–71 added subsecs. (b) and (c), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d), and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to the es- tablishment of toll-free telephone line and national re- source center and clearinghouse, conduct of national incidence studies, and use of school records and birth certificates. 1989—Subsec. (a)(5)(C). Pub. L. 101–204, § 1004(2)(A), substituted semicolon for comma at end. Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–204, § 1004(2)(B), inserted ‘‘to’’ before ‘‘provide to State’’. 1988—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(a)(1), struck out ‘‘law enforcement’’ before ‘‘entities’’. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(a)(2), inserted ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(a)(3), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: ‘‘analyze, compile, publish, and disseminate an annual summary of recently completed research, re- search being conducted, and Federal, State, and local demonstration projects relating to missing children with particular emphasis on— Page 291 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 11294 ‘‘(A) effective models of local, State, and Federal coordination and cooperation in locating missing children; ‘‘(B) effective programs designed to promote com- munity awareness of the problem of missing children; ‘‘(C) effective programs to prevent the abduction and sexual exploitation of children (including parent, child, and community education); and ‘‘(D) effective program models which provide treat- ment, counseling, or other aid to parents of missing children or to children who have been the victims of abduction or sexual exploitation; and’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(a)(4), struck out par. (6), which read as follows: ‘‘prepare, in conjunction with and with the final approval of the Advisory Board on Missing Children, an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating cooperation and coordination among all agencies and organizations with responsibilities related to missing children.’’ Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(b)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted ‘‘24-hour’’ after ‘‘national’’ and ‘‘and’’ at end, and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(b)(2)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: ‘‘to provide technical as- sistance to local and State governments, public and private nonprofit agencies, and individuals in locating and recovering missing children;’’. Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(b)(2)(B), in- serted ‘‘and training’’ after ‘‘assistance’’ and ‘‘and in locating and recovering missing children’’ before semi- colon. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7285(b)(3), (4), added par. (4). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–267 effective Oct. 11, 2018, and applicable to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2018, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–267, set out as a note under section 11291 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–273 effective on the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, and applicable only with respect to fiscal years begin- ning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 12223 of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, with the report required by subsec. (a)(6) of this section with respect to fiscal year 1988 to be submitted not later than Aug. 1, 1989, notwithstanding the 180-day pe- riod provided in subsec. (a)(6) of this section, see sec- tion 7296(a), (b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title. TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (a)(6) of this section relating to submittal of annual report to the Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives and the President pro tempore of the Sen- ate, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and the 2nd item on page 122 of House Document No. 103–7. § 11294. Grants (a) Authority of Administrator; description of re- search, demonstration projects, and service programs The Administrator is authorized to make grants to and enter into contracts with the Cen- ter and with public agencies or nonprofit private organizations, or combinations thereof, for re- search, demonstration projects, or service pro- grams designed— (1) to educate parents, children, schools, school leaders, teachers, State and local edu- cational agencies, homeless shelters and serv- ice providers, and community agencies and or- ganizations in ways to prevent the abduction and sexual exploitation of children; (2) to provide information to assist in the lo- cating and return of missing children; (3) to aid communities and schools in the collection of materials which would be useful to parents in assisting others in the identifica- tion of missing children; (4) to increase knowledge of and develop ef- fective treatment pertaining to the psycho- logical consequences, on both parents and children, of— (A) the abduction of a child, both during the period of disappearance and after the child is recovered; and (B) the sexual exploitation of a missing child; (5) to collect detailed data from selected States or localities on the actual investigative practices utilized by law enforcement agencies in missing children’s cases; (6) to address the particular needs of missing children by minimizing the negative impact of judicial and law enforcement procedures on children who are victims of abuse or sexual ex- ploitation and by promoting the active par- ticipation of children and their families in cases involving abuse or sexual exploitation of children; (7) to address the needs of missing children and their families following the recovery of such children; (8) to reduce the likelihood that individuals under 18 years of age will be removed from the control of such individuals’ parents without such parents’ consent; and (9) to establish or operate statewide clear- inghouses to assist in locating and recovering missing children. (b) Priorities of grant applicants In considering grant applications under this subchapter, the Administrator shall give pri- ority to applicants who— (1) have demonstrated or demonstrate abil- ity in— (A) locating missing children or locating and reuniting missing children with their parents; (B) providing other services to missing children or their families; or (C) conducting research relating to miss- ing children; and (2) with respect to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1), substantially utilize volun- teer assistance. The Administrator shall give first priority to applicants qualifying under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1). (c) Non-Federal fund expenditures requisite for receipt of Federal assistance In order to receive assistance under this sub- chapter for a fiscal year, applicants shall give