51 U.S.C. § 40702 — Additional research and development

Page 94 TITLE 51—NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS § 40502 § 40502. Biomedical research grants (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Admin- istrator and the Director of the National Insti- tutes of Health shall establish a joint program of biomedical research grants in areas described in section 40501(a) of this title, where such re- search requires access to a microgravity envi- ronment. Such program shall be consistent with actions taken by the joint working group under section 40501 of this title. (b) RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS.— The grants program established under sub- section (a) shall annually issue joint research opportunity announcements under the sponsor- ship of the National Institutes of Health and the Administration. Responses to the announce- ments shall be evaluated by a peer review com- mittee whose members shall be selected by the Director of the National Institutes of Health and the Administrator, and shall include individuals not employed by the Administration or the Na- tional Institutes of Health. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3389.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40502 .......... 42 U.S.C. 2487b. Pub. L. 102–588, title VI, § 603, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5130. § 40503. Biomedical research fellowships The Administrator and the Director of the Na- tional Institutes of Health shall create a joint program of graduate research fellowships in bio- medical research described in section 40501(a) of this title. Fellowships under such program may provide for participation in approved research conferences and symposia. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3389.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40503 .......... 42 U.S.C. 2487c. Pub. L. 102–588, title VI, § 604, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5131. § 40504. Establishment of electronic data archive The Administrator shall create and maintain a national electronic data archive for bio- medical research data obtained from space- based experiments. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3389.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40504 .......... 42 U.S.C. 2487e. Pub. L. 102–588, title VI, § 606, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5131. § 40505. Establishment of emergency medical service telemedicine capability The Administrator, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Director of the Office of Foreign Disaster Assist- ance, and the Surgeon General of the United States shall jointly create and maintain an international telemedicine satellite consulta- tion capability to support emergency medical services in disaster-stricken areas. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3389.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40505 .......... 42 U.S.C. 2487f. Pub. L. 102–588, title VI, § 607, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5131; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, § 612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410. The words ‘‘Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance’’ are substituted for ‘‘Office of Foreign Disaster’’ to cor- rect an error in the law. CHAPTER 407—ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AIRCRAFT Sec. 40701. Research and development initiative. 40702. Additional research and development initia- tive. 40703. Research alignment. 40704. Research program on perceived impact of sonic booms. § 40701. Research and development initiative The Administrator may establish an initiative with the objective of developing, and dem- onstrating in a relevant environment, tech- nologies to enable the following commercial air- craft performance characteristics: (1) NOISE LEVELS.—Noise levels on takeoff and on airport approach and landing that do not exceed ambient noise levels in the absence of flight operations in the vicinity of airports from which such commercial aircraft would normally operate. (2) ENERGY CONSUMPTION.—Twenty-five per- cent reduction in the energy required for medium- to long-range flights, compared to aircraft in commercial service as of December 30, 2005. (3) EMISSIONS.—Nitrogen oxides on take-off and landing that are significantly reduced, without adversely affecting hydrocarbons and smoke, relative to aircraft in commercial service as of December 30, 2005. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3390.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40701 .......... 42 U.S.C. 16722(a). Pub. L. 109–155, title IV, § 422(a), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2924. In paragraphs (2) and (3), the date ‘‘December 30, 2005’’ is substituted for ‘‘the date of enactment of this Act’’ to reflect the date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155, 119 Stat. 2895). § 40702. Additional research and development initiative The Administrator shall establish an initia- tive involving the Administration, universities, industry, and other research organizations as appropriate, of research, development, and dem- onstration, in a relevant environment, of tech- Page 95 TITLE 51—NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS § 40704 1 Section catchline amended by Pub. L. 117–167 without cor- responding amendment of chapter analysis. nologies to enable the following commercial air- craft performance characteristics: (1) NOISE LEVELS.—Noise levels on takeoff and on airport approach and landing that do not exceed ambient noise levels in the absence of flight operations in the vicinity of airports from which such commercial aircraft would normally operate, without increasing energy consumption or nitrogen oxide emissions com- pared to aircraft in commercial service as of October 15, 2008. (2) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.—Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions com- pared to aircraft in commercial services as of October 15, 2008. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3390.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40702 .......... 42 U.S.C. 17721. Pub. L. 110–422, title III, § 302, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4786. In paragraphs (1) and (2), the date ‘‘October 15, 2008’’ is substituted for ‘‘the date of enactment of this Act’’ to reflect the date of enactment of the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–422, 122 Stat. 4779). § 40703. Research alignment In addition to pursuing the research and devel- opment initiative described in section 40702 of this title, the Administrator shall, to the max- imum extent practicable within available fund- ing, align the fundamental aeronautics research program to address high priority technology challenges of the National Academies’ Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics, and shall work to increase the degree of involvement of external organizations, and especially of universities, in the fundamental aeronautics research program. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3390.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40703 .......... 42 U.S.C. 17722. Pub. L. 110–422, title III, § 303, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4787. § 40704. Research program on perceived impact of sonic booms (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall establish a cooperative research program with industry, including the conduct of flight dem- onstrations in a relevant environment, to col- lect data on the perceived impact of sonic booms. The data could enable the promulgation of appropriate standards for overland commer- cial supersonic flight operations. (b) COORDINATION.—The Administrator shall ensure that sonic boom research is coordinated as appropriate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and as appro- priate make use of the expertise of the Partner- ship for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction Center of Excellence sponsored by the Administration and the Federal Aviation Ad- ministration. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3391.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 40704(a) ...... 42 U.S.C. 17723(b). Pub. L. 110–422, title III, § 304(b), (c), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4787. 40704(b) ...... 42 U.S.C. 17723(c). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries PURPOSE Pub. L. 110–422, title III, § 304(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4787, provided that: ‘‘The ability to fly commercial air- craft over land at supersonic speeds without adverse impacts on the environment or on local communities would open new markets and enable new transportation capabilities. In order to have the basis for establishing appropriate sonic boom standards for such flight oper- ations, a research program is needed to assess the im- pact in a relevant environment of commercial super- sonic flight operations.’’ CHAPTER 409—MISCELLANEOUS Sec. 40901. Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust Fund. 40902. National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion Endeavor Teacher Fellowship Trust Fund. 40903. Experimental Program to Stimulate Com- petitive Research—merit grant competition requirements.1 40904. Microgravity research. 40905. Program to expand distance learning in rural underserved areas. 40906. Equal access to the Administration’s edu- cation programs. 40907. Museums. 40908. Continuation of certain education programs. 40909. Compliance with title IX of Education Amendments of 1972. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CYBERSECURITY IN STEM PROGRAMS OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XCIV, § 9406, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4812, provided that: ‘‘In carrying out any STEM education program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (referred to in this section as ‘NASA’), including a program of the Office of STEM Engagement, the Administrator of NASA shall, to the maximum extent practicable, encourage the inclusion of cybersecurity education opportunities in such pro- gram.’’ NASA INTERNSHIP AND FELLOWSHIP OPPORTUNITIES Pub. L. 115–303, § 3, Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4399, pro- vided that: ‘‘Not later than October 1, 2018, the Admin- istrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration (in this section referred to as ‘NASA’) shall institute a process to encourage the recruitment of qualified candidates who are women or individuals who are underrepresented in the fields of science, tech- nology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and computer science for internships and fellowships at NASA with relevance to the aerospace sector and re- lated fields.’’ EDUCATION AND OUTREACH Pub. L. 115–10, title VIII, § 824, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 64, provided that: ‘‘(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that—