28 U.S.C. § 132 — Creation and composition of district courts

Page 57 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 132 Court for the Western District shall be held at Eau Claire, La Crosse, Madison, Supe- rior, and Wausau. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 894; Pub. L. 87–573, Aug. 6, 1962, 76 Stat. 307.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 195 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 114, 36 Stat. 1129; July 24, 1935, ch. 413, 49 Stat. 495). Provisions for keeping the courts and their offices open at all times were omitted as covered by section 452 of this title. Provisions for maintenance of offices by the clerk and marshal, and for the appointment and residence of a deputy marshal for Superior, were omitted as covered by sections 541 [see 561], 542 [see 561], and 751 of this title. Words ‘‘All causes and proceedings instituted in the court at Superior shall be tried therein, unless by con- sent of the parties, or upon the order of the court, they are transferred to another place for trial,’’ were omit- ted as unnecessary. Such provision, as to civil cases, is covered by section 1404 of this title, and, as to criminal cases, is rendered unnecessary because of inherent power of the court and Rules 18–20 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Provisions for the return of process, including crimi- nal warrants, at Superior and other places in the west- ern district and for the keeping of records in the clerk’s office at Superior, were omitted, since such matters can be regulated more appropriately by court rule or order. (See Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 4, and Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 4(g).) Changes in arrangement and phraseology were made. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–573 inserted reference to Menominee county. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries DESIGNATION OF JUDGE TO HOLD COURT, EASTERN DISTRICT Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title III, § 305(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–85, provided that: ‘‘The chief judge of the eastern district of Wisconsin shall des- ignate 1 judge who shall hold court for such district in Green Bay, Wisconsin.’’ § 131. Wyoming Wyoming and those portions of Yellowstone National Park situated in Montana and Idaho constitute one judicial district. Court shall be held at Casper, Cheyenne, Evanston, Lander, Jackson, and Sheri- dan. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 98–353, title II, § 203(a), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 350.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on section 27 of title 16, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Con- servation, and title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 196 (May 7, 1894, ch. 72, § 5, 28 Stat. 74; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 115, 291, 36 Stat. 1130, 1167; June 5, 1924, ch. 260, 43 Stat. 388; June 28, 1938, ch. 778, § 1, 52 Stat. 1213). Section consolidates section 196 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with a portion of section 27 of title 16, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with necessary changes in arrangement and phraseology. Reference to parts of Yellowstone Na- tional Park in Montana and Idaho is derived from said section 27. Other provisions of said section are incor- porated in sections 631 and 632 of this title. A provision of section 196 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., for furnishing rooms and accommodations at Casper was omitted as obsolete, upon advice of the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts that Federal accommodations are now available there. Provisions of section 196 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., for appointment of deputies and maintenance of offices by the clerk and marshal were omitted as covered by sections 541 [see 561], 542 [see 561], and 751 of this title. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1984—Pub. L. 98–353 provided for holding court at Jackson. § 132. Creation and composition of district courts (a) There shall be in each judicial district a district court which shall be a court of record known as the United States District Court for the district. (b) Each district court shall consist of the dis- trict judge or judges for the district in regular active service. Justices or judges designated or assigned shall be competent to sit as judges of the court. (c) Except as otherwise provided by law, or rule or order of court, the judicial power of a district court with respect to any action, suit or proceeding may be exercised by a single judge, who may preside alone and hold a regular or spe- cial session of court at the same time other ses- sions are held by other judges. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 88–176, § 2, Nov. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 331.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 1, and section 641 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Territories and Insular Pos- sessions (Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, § 86, 31 Stat. 158; Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 269, § 1, 35 Stat. 838; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 1, 36 Stat. 1087; July 30, 1914, ch. 216, 38 Stat. 580; July 19, 1921, ch. 42, § 313, 42 Stat. 119; Feb. 12, 1925, ch. 220, 43 Stat. 890; Dec. 13, 1926, ch. 6, § 1, 44 Stat. 19). Section consolidates section 1 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and section 641 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with changes in phraseology necessary to effect the consoli- dation. Subsection (c) is derived from section 641 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which applied only to the Territory of Hawaii. The revised section, by extending it to all dis- tricts, merely recognizes established practice. Other portions of section 1 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 133 and 134 of this title. The remainder of section 641 of title 48, U.S.C., 1940 ed., is incorporated in sections 91 and 133 of this title. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1963—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–176 inserted ‘‘regular’’ be- fore ‘‘active service’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CONTINUATION OF ORGANIZATION OF COURT Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 2(b), 62 Stat. 985, provided in part that the provisions of this title as set out in section 1 of act June 25, 1948, with respect to the orga- nization of the court, shall be construed as a continu- ation of existing law, and the tenure of the judges, offi- cers, and employees thereof and of the United States attorneys and marshals and their deputies and assist- ants, in office on Sept. 1, 1948, shall not be affected by its enactment, but each of them shall continue to serve Page 58 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 133 in the same capacity under the appropriate provisions of this title pursuant to his prior appointment. § 133. Appointment and number of district judges (a) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, district judges for the several judicial districts, as fol- lows: Districts Judges Alabama: Northern ......................................... 8 Middle ............................................. 3 Southern ......................................... 3 Alaska ................................................... 3 Arizona .................................................. 13 Arkansas: Eastern ............................................ 5 Western ........................................... 3 California: Northern ......................................... 14 Eastern ............................................ 6 Central ............................................ 28 Southern ......................................... 13 Colorado ................................................ 7 Connecticut ........................................... 8 Delaware ............................................... 4 District of Columbia ............................. 15 Florida: Northern ......................................... 4 Middle ............................................. 15 Southern ......................................... 18 Georgia: Northern ......................................... 11 Middle ............................................. 4 Southern ......................................... 3 Hawaii ................................................... 4 Idaho ..................................................... 2 Illinois: Northern ......................................... 22 Central ............................................ 4 Southern ......................................... 4 Indiana: Northern ......................................... 5 Southern ......................................... 5 Iowa: Northern ......................................... 2 Southern ......................................... 3 Kansas ................................................... 6 Kentucky: Eastern ............................................ 5 Western ........................................... 4 Eastern and Western ....................... 1 Louisiana: Eastern ............................................ 12 Middle ............................................. 3 Western ........................................... 7 Maine .................................................... 3 Maryland ............................................... 10 Massachusetts ....................................... 13 Michigan: Eastern ............................................ 15 Western ........................................... 4 Minnesota ............................................. 7 Mississippi: Northern ......................................... 3 Southern ......................................... 6 Missouri: Eastern ............................................ 7 Western ........................................... 5 Districts Judges Eastern and Western ....................... 2 Montana ................................................ 3 Nebraska ............................................... 3 Nevada .................................................. 7 New Hampshire ..................................... 3 New Jersey ............................................ 17 New Mexico ........................................... 7 New York: Northern ......................................... 5 Southern ......................................... 28 Eastern ............................................ 15 Western ........................................... 4 North Carolina: Eastern ............................................ 4 Middle ............................................. 4 Western ........................................... 5 North Dakota ........................................ 2 Ohio: Northern ......................................... 11 Southern ......................................... 8 Oklahoma: Northern ......................................... 3 Eastern ............................................ 1 Western ........................................... 6 Northern, Eastern, and Western ..... 1 Oregon ................................................... 6 Pennsylvania: Eastern ............................................ 22 Middle ............................................. 6 Western ........................................... 10 Puerto Rico ........................................... 7 Rhode Island ......................................... 3 South Carolina ...................................... 10 South Dakota ........................................ 3 Tennessee: Eastern ............................................ 5 Middle ............................................. 4 Western ........................................... 5 Texas: Northern ......................................... 12 Southern ......................................... 19 Eastern ............................................ 8 Western ........................................... 13 Utah ...................................................... 5 Vermont ................................................ 2 Virginia: Eastern ............................................ 11 Western ........................................... 4 Washington: Eastern ............................................ 4 Western ........................................... 7 West Virginia: Northern ......................................... 3 Southern ......................................... 5 Wisconsin: Eastern ............................................ 5 Western ........................................... 2 Wyoming ............................................... 3. (b)(1) In any case in which a judge of the United States (other than a senior judge) as- sumes the duties of a full-time office of Federal judicial administration, the President shall ap- point, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, an additional judge for the court on which such judge serves. If the judge who as- sumes the duties of such full-time office leaves that office and resumes the duties as an active judge of the court, then the President shall not appoint a judge to fill the first vacancy which occurs thereafter in that court.