42 U.S.C. § 18646 — Nuclear physics

Page 9190 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18646 (5) $1,053,266,107 for fiscal year 2025; (6) $1,047,962,074 for fiscal year 2026; and (7) $1,114,187,798 for fiscal year 2027. (Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 307, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3148; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2008(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10105(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1441.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Subsection (q), referred to in subsecs. (b)(2), (d)(3), (e)(4), and (i)(10), probably should be a reference to sub- sec. (r). Prior to amendment by Pub. L. 117–167, those references were to subsec. (o) of this section, which re- lated to authorization of appropriations and was redes- ignated as subsec. (r) by Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(6). See 2022 Amendment notes below. The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (i)(1) and (n)(1), probably means the date of en- actment of Pub. L. 116—260, which enacted subsecs. (i) and (n) of this section and was approved Dec. 27, 2020. The enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (i)(2) and (l), probably means the enactment of Pub. L. 116—260, which enacted subsecs. (i) and (l) of this sec- tion and made other amendments to this section. CODIFICATION Section is comprised of section 307 of Pub. L. 115–246. Subsec. (g) of section 307 of Pub. L. 115–246 amended section 2053 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(1), des- ignated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1) and subpars. (A) and (B) of former par. (2) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of sub- par. (B) of par. (1), and added par. (2). Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(2), substituted ‘‘subsection (q)’’ for ‘‘subsection (o)’’, ‘‘this subsection’’ for ‘‘subsection (d)’’, and ‘‘2027’’ for ‘‘2025’’. Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(3), substituted ‘‘subsection (q)’’ for ‘‘subsection (o)’’, ‘‘this subsection’’ for ‘‘subsection (e)’’, and ‘‘2027’’ for ‘‘2025’’. Subsec. (i)(10). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(4)(A), sub- stituted, in introductory provisions, ‘‘subsection (q)’’ for ‘‘subsection (o)’’ and ‘‘this subsection’’ for ‘‘sub- section (i)’’. Subsec. (i)(10)(F), (G). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(4)(B)–(D), added subpars. (F) and (G). Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(5), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j). Prior to amend- ment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Director shall support research and development activities to design future fusion reactor systems and examine and address the technical drivers for the cost of these systems.’’ Subsecs. (o) to (q). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(7), added subsecs. (o) to (q). Former subsec. (o) redesignated (r). Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(6), (8)(A), redes- ignated subsec. (o) as (r) and substituted ‘‘Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there’’ for ‘‘There’’ in introductory pro- visions. Subsec. (r)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10105(a)(8)(B), added pars. (3) to (7) and struck out former pars. (3) to (5) relating to appropriations for fiscal years 2023 to 2025, respectively. 2020—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(2), added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b). Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(1), redesig- nated subsecs. (a) and (b) as (b) and (c), respectively. Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(3), amended sub- sec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as fol- lows: ‘‘The Director shall support research and develop- ment activities for inertial fusion for energy applica- tions.’’ Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(4), amended sub- sec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as fol- lows: ‘‘The Director shall support research and develop- ment activities and facility operations at institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and private facilities in the United States for a portfolio of alter- native and enabling fusion energy concepts that may provide solutions to significant challenges to the estab- lishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power plant, prioritized based on the ability of the United States to play a leadership role in the international fusion re- search community.’’ Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f). Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(1), redesig- nated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (g) and (h), respectively. Subsecs. (i) to (o). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2008(a)(5), added subsecs. (i) to (o). § 18646. Nuclear physics (a) Program As part of the activities authorized under sec- tion 7139 of this title, the Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant fa- cilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter. (b) Electron Ion Collider (1) In general The Secretary shall support construction of an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘An Assessment of U.S.- Based Electron-Ion Collider Science’’, in order to measure the internal structure of the pro- ton and the nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of visible matter. (2) Facility capability The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) meets the require- ments in the 2015 Long Range Plan described in that paragraph, including— (A) at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons and light ions; (B) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable nuclei; (C) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 GeV; (D) high collision luminosity of 1033–34cm-2s-1; and (E) the possibility of more than 1 inter- action region. (3) Start of operations The Secretary shall, subject to the avail- ability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before December 31, 2030. (4) Funding Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under this sub- section— (A) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; (B) $181,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; Page 9191 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18648 (C) $219,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; (D) $297,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and (E) $301,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. (c) Authorization of appropriations Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this sec- tion— (1) $840,480,000 for fiscal year 2023; (2) $976,508,800 for fiscal year 2024; (3) $1,062,239,328 for fiscal year 2025; (4) $1,190,833,688 for fiscal year 2026; and (5) $1,248,463,709 for fiscal year 2027. (Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 308, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3150; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10107, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1449.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Pub. L. 117–167 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text was comprised of subsec. (a) of sec- tion 308 of Pub. L. 115–246 which read as follows: ‘‘The Director— ‘‘(1) may carry out a program for the production of isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed for research, medical, industrial, or related purposes; and ‘‘(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities carried out under the program under this paragraph do not compete with private industry unless the Di- rector determines that critical national interests re- quire the involvement of the Federal Government.’’ Prior to amendment, section 308 of Pub. L. 115–246 also contained subsec. (b) which amended section 16321 of this title. § 18647. Science laboratories infrastructure pro- gram (a) In general The Director shall carry out a program to im- prove the safety, efficiency, and mission readi- ness of infrastructure at laboratories of the Of- fice of Science. (b) Inclusions The program under subsection (a) shall in- clude projects— (1) to renovate or replace space that does not meet research needs; (2) to replace facilities that are no longer cost effective to renovate or operate; (3) to modernize utility systems to prevent failures and ensure efficiency; (4) to remove excess facilities to allow safe and efficient operations; and (5) to construct modern facilities to conduct advanced research in controlled environ- mental conditions. (c) Approach In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Director shall use all available ap- proaches and mechanisms, as the Secretary de- termines to be appropriate, including— (1) capital line items; (2) minor construction projects; (3) energy savings performance contracts; (4) utility energy service contracts; (5) alternative financing; and (6) expense funding. (d) Submission to Congress For each fiscal year through fiscal year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submis- sion of the President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Appropria- tions and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list of projects for which the Secretary will pro- vide funding under this section, including a de- scription of each project and the funding profile for the project. (e) Authorization of appropriations Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is au- thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section $550,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 309, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3150; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10108, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1450.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 117–167 added subsecs. (c) to (e). § 18648. Accelerator research and development (a) Program As part of the activities authorized under sec- tion 7139 of this title, the Director shall carry out a research program— (1) to advance accelerator science and tech- nology relevant to the Department, other Fed- eral agencies, and United States industry; (2) to foster partnerships to develop, dem- onstrate, and enable the commercial applica- tion of accelerator technologies; (3) to support the development of a skilled, diverse, and inclusive accelerator workforce; and (4) to provide access to accelerator design and engineering resources. (b) Accelerator research In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support— (1) research activities in cross-cutting accel- erator technologies including superconducting magnets and accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator controls, simula- tion software, new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and transformative research; and (2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility. (c) Accelerator development In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support part- nerships to foster the development, demonstra- tion, and commercial application of accelerator technologies, including advanced super- conducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.