Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
46 U.S.C. § 51705 — Training for use of force against piracy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 384
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 51703
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1582.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
51702 ..........
46 App.:1295f.
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title
XIII, § 1307, as added Pub.
L. 96–453, § 2, Oct. 15, 1980,
94 Stat. 2007; Pub. L. 98–89,
§ 4(b), Aug. 26, 1983, 97
Stat. 603.
The text of 46 App. U.S.C. 1295f(d) is omitted because
it apparently was intended to apply to former 46 App.
U.S.C. 1295f(c), which was repealed in 1983.
§ 51703. Additional training
(a) GENERAL
AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of
Transportation may provide additional training
on maritime subjects to supplement other train-
ing opportunities and make the training avail-
able to the personnel of the merchant marine of
the United States and individuals preparing for
a career in the merchant marine of the United
States.
(b) EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND CONTRACTS.—
The Secretary may—
(1) prepare or buy equipment or supplies re-
quired for the additional training; and
(2) without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of
title 41, make contracts for services the Sec-
retary considers necessary to prepare the
equipment and supplies and to supervise and
administer the additional training.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1583;
Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(n), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3853.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
51703 ..........
46 App.:1295d(a), (b).
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title
XIII, § 1305(a), (b), as added
Pub. L. 96–453, § 2, Oct. 15,
1980, 94 Stat. 2006.
In subsection (a), before paragraph (1), the words ‘‘as
the Secretary deems necessary’’ are omitted as unnec-
essary.
In subsection (b), the words ‘‘with any
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 46 U.S.C. § 51705
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Page 384
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 51703
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1582.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
51702 ..........
46 App.:1295f.
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title
XIII, § 1307, as added Pub.
L. 96–453, § 2, Oct. 15, 1980,
94 Stat. 2007; Pub. L. 98–89,
§ 4(b), Aug. 26, 1983, 97
Stat. 603.
The text of 46 App. U.S.C. 1295f(d) is omitted because
it apparently was intended to apply to former 46 App.
U.S.C. 1295f(c), which was repealed in 1983.
§ 51703. Additional training
(a) GENERAL
AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of
Transportation may provide additional training
on maritime subjects to supplement other train-
ing opportunities and make the training avail-
able to the personnel of the merchant marine of
the United States and individuals preparing for
a career in the merchant marine of the United
States.
(b) EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND CONTRACTS.—
The Secretary may—
(1) prepare or buy equipment or supplies re-
quired for the additional training; and
(2) without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of
title 41, make contracts for services the Sec-
retary considers necessary to prepare the
equipment and supplies and to supervise and
administer the additional training.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1583;
Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(n), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3853.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
51703 ..........
46 App.:1295d(a), (b).
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title
XIII, § 1305(a), (b), as added
Pub. L. 96–453, § 2, Oct. 15,
1980, 94 Stat. 2006.
In subsection (a), before paragraph (1), the words ‘‘as
the Secretary deems necessary’’ are omitted as unnec-
essary.
In subsection (b), the words ‘‘with any person, part-
nership, firm, association, or corporation’’ and ‘‘the
performance of’’ are omitted as unnecessary.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2011—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted ‘‘sec-
tion 6101(b) to (d) of title 41’’ for ‘‘section 3709 of the
Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5)’’.
§ 51704. Training for maritime oil pollution pre-
vention, response, and clean-up
(a) ASSISTANCE
IN ESTABLISHING PROGRAM.—
The Secretary of Transportation shall assist
maritime training institutions approved by the
Secretary in establishing a training program for
maritime oil pollution prevention, response, and
clean-up.
(b) PROVIDING TRAINING VESSELS.—Subject to
subsection (c), the Secretary may provide, with
title free of all liens, to maritime training insti-
tutions that have a program established under
subsection (a), offshore supply vessels and tug/
supply vessels that were built in the United
States and are in the possession of the Maritime
Administration because of a default on a loan
guaranteed under chapter 537 of this title.
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—In addition to any other
requirements the Secretary considers appro-
priate, the following requirements apply to ves-
sels provided under this section:
(1) The vessel shall be offered to the institu-
tion at a location selected by the Secretary.
(2) The institution shall use the vessel to
train students and appropriate maritime in-
dustry personnel in oil spill prevention, re-
sponse, clean-up, and related skills.
(3) The institution shall make the vessel and
qualified students available to appropriate
Federal, State, and local oil spill response au-
thorities when there is a maritime oil spill.
(4) The institution may not sell, trade, char-
ter, donate, scrap, or in any way alter or dis-
pose of the vessel without prior approval of
the Secretary.
(5) The institution may not use the vessel in
competition with a privately-owned vessel
documented under chapter 121 of this title or
titled under the law of a State, unless nec-
essary to carry out this section.
(6) When the institution can no longer use
the vessel for its training program, the insti-
tution shall return the vessel to the Secretary.
The Secretary shall take possession at the in-
stitution and thereafter may provide the ves-
sel to another institution under this section or
dispose of the vessel.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1583.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
51704(a) ......
46 App.:1295d(c)(1).
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title
XIII, § 1305(c), as added
Pub. L. 101–595, title VII,
§ 712, Nov. 16, 1990, 104
Stat. 2998.
51704(b) ......
46 App.:1295d(c)
(2)(A), (4).
51704(c) ......
46 App.:1295d(c)
(2)(B), (3).
In subsection (c)(5), the words ‘‘or titled under the
law of a State’’ are substituted for ‘‘documented under
the laws of . . . any State’’ for consistency with the
terminology in 46 U.S.C. 2101(46) (which is being moved
to chapter 1 of the revised title) and 46 U.S.C. ch. 125.
§ 51705. Training for use of force against piracy
The Secretary of Transportation, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Defense and the Sec-
retary of the department in which the Coast
Guard is operating, shall certify a training cur-
riculum for United States mariners on the use of
force against pirates. The curriculum shall in-
clude—
(1) information on waters designated as
high-risk waters by the Commandant of the
Coast Guard;
(2) information on current threats and pat-
terns of attack by pirates;
(3) tactics for defense of a vessel, including
instruction on the types, use, and limitations
of security equipment;
(4) standard rules for the use of force for
self-defense as developed by the Secretary of
the department in which the Coast Guard is
operating under section 912(c) of the Coast
Page 385
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 51706
Guard Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law
111–281; 46 U.S.C. 8107 note), including instruc-
tion on firearm safety for crewmembers of ves-
sels carrying cargo under section 55305 of this
title; and
(5) procedures to follow to improve crew-
member survivability if captured and taken
hostage by pirates.
(Added Pub. L. 112–213, title V, § 502(a), Dec. 20,
2012, 126 Stat. 1574.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEADLINE
Pub. L. 112–213, title V, § 502(b), Dec. 20, 2012, 126 Stat.
1575, provided that: ‘‘The Secretary of Transportation
shall certify the curriculum required under the amend-
ment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] not
later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this
Act [Dec. 20, 2012].’’
§ 51706. Centers of excellence for domestic mari-
time workforce training and education
(a) DESIGNATION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transpor-
tation, after consultation with the Coast
Guard, may designate, for a 5-year period, as a
center of excellence for domestic maritime
workforce training and education an entity
which is a covered training entity.
(2) WITHDRAWAL OF DESIGNATION.—The Sec-
retary of Transportation may withdraw a des-
ignation as a center of excellence for domestic
maritime workforce training and education of
a covered training entity upon discovery of ad-
verse information, including discovery of in-
formation that the covered training entity has
engaged in fraudulent or unlawful activities,
or has been subjected to disciplinary or ad-
verse administrative action by Federal, State,
or other regulatory bodies.
(b) GRANT PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may award a
maritime career training grant to a center of
excellence designated under subsection (a) for
the purpose of developing, offering, or improv-
ing career and technical education or training
programs related to the United States mari-
time industry for United States workers.
(2) GRANT PROPOSAL.—To be eligible to re-
ceive a grant under this subsection, a center of
excellence designated under subsection (a)
shall submit to the Secretary a grant proposal
that includes a detailed description of—
(A) the specific project proposed to be
funded by the grant, including a description
of the manner in which the grant will be
used to develop, offer, or improve a career
and technical education or training program
that is suited to United States maritime in-
dustry workers;
(B) the extent to which the project for
which the grant proposal is submitted will
meet the educational or career training
needs of United States maritime industry
workers;
(C) any previous experience of the center
of excellence in providing United States
maritime industry career and technical edu-
cation or training programs;
(D) how the project proposed to be funded
by the grant would address shortcomings in
existing educational or career training op-
portunities available to United States mari-
time industry workers; and
(E) the extent to which employers, includ-
ing small and medium-sized firms, have dem-
onstrated
a
commitment
to
employing
United States maritime industry workers
who would benefit from the project for
which the grant proposal is submitted.
(3) CRITERIA FOR AWARD OF GRANTS.—Subject
to the appropriation of funds to carry out this
section, the Secretary shall award grants
under this subsection to centers of excellence
based on—
(A) an determination of the merits of a
grant proposal submitted under paragraph
(2) to develop, offer, or improve career and
technical education or training programs to
be made available to United States maritime
industry workers;
(B) an evaluation of the likely employ-
ment opportunities available to United
States maritime industry workers who com-
plete a maritime career and technical edu-
cation or training program that a center
proposes to develop, offer, or improve; and
(C) an evaluation of prior demand for
training programs by workers served by cen-
ters of excellence designated under sub-
section (a), as well as the availability and
capacity of existing maritime training pro-
grams to meet future demand for training
programs.
(4) COMPETITIVE AWARDS.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall
award grants under this subsection to cen-
ters of excellence designated under sub-
section (a) on a competitive basis.
(B) TIMING
OF
GRANT
NOTICE.—The Sec-
retary shall post a Notice of Funding Oppor-
tunity regarding grants awarded under this
subsection not more than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of the appropriations
Act for the fiscal year concerned.
(C) TIMING
OF
GRANTS.—The Secretary
shall award grants under this subsection not
later than 270 days after the date of the en-
actment of the appropriations Act for the
fiscal year concerned.
(D) REUSE OF UNEXPENDED GRANT FUNDS.—
Notwithstanding subparagraph (C), amounts
awarded as a grant under this subsection
that are not expended by the grantee shall
remain available to the Secretary for use for
grants under this subsection.
(E) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—Not more than
3 percent of amounts made available to
carry out this subsection may be used for
the necessary costs of grant administration.
(F) PROHIBITED
USE.—A center of excel-
lence designated under subsection (a) that
has received funds awarded under section
54101(a)(2) for training purposes for a fiscal
year shall not be eligible for grants under
this subsection during the same fiscal year.
(5) ELIGIBLE USES OF GRANT FUNDS.—A center
of excellence receiving a grant under this sub-
section shall—
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subtitle—
(1) “associated equipment”—
(A) means—
(i) a system, accessory, component, or appurtenance of a recreational vessel; or
(ii) a marine safety article intended for use on board a recreational vessel; but
(B) with the exception of emergency locator beacons for recreational vessels operating beyond 3 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea of the United States is measured or beyond 3 nautical miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, does not include radio equipment.
(2) “Coast Guard” means the organization established and continued under [section 101 of title 14](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title14-section101&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) “Commandant” means the Commandant of the Coast Guard.
(4) “commercial service” includes any type of trade or business involving the transportation of goods or individuals, except service performed by a combatant vessel.
(5) “consideration” means an economic benefit, inducement, right, or profit including pecuniary payment accruing to an individual, person, or entity, but not including a voluntary sharing of the actual expenses of the voyage, by monetary contribution or donation of fuel, food, beverage, or other supplies.
(6) “crude oil” means a liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth, whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed, and crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added.
(7) “crude oil tanker” means a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil.
(8) “dangerous drug” means a narcotic drug, a controlled substance, or a controlled substance analog (as defined in section 102 of the Com
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 2101
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 46 U.S.C. § 2101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 18
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 2101
1 See References in Text note below.
Chapter
Sec.
83.
Masters and Officers ..........................
8301
85.
Pilots ......................................................
8501
87.
Unlicensed Personnel ........................
8701
89.
Small Vessel Manning ........................
8901
91.
Tank Vessel Manning Standards ....
9101
93.
Great Lakes Pilotage ..........................
9301
PART G—MERCHANT SEAMEN PROTECTION AND RELIEF
101.
General ..................................................
10101
103.
Foreign and Intercoastal Voyages ..
10301
105.
Coastwise Voyages ..............................
10501
106.
Fishing Voyages ...................................
10601
107.
Effects of Deceased Seamen .............
10701
109.
Proceedings on Unseaworthiness ...
10901
111.
Protection and Relief .........................
11101
112.
Merchant Mariner Benefits ..............
11201
113.
Official Logbooks ................................
11301
115.
Offenses and Penalties ......................
11501
PART H—IDENTIFICATION OF VESSELS
121.
Documentation of Vessels .................
12101
123.
Numbering Undocumented Vessels
12301
125.
Vessel Identification System ............
12501
PART I—STATE BOATING SAFETY PROGRAMS
131.
Recreational Boating Safety ............
13101
PART J—MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS
141.
General ..................................................
14101
143.
Convention Measurement .................
14301
145.
Regulatory Measurement ..................
14501
147.
Penalties ................................................
14701
PART K—NATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
ADVISORY COMMITTEES
151.
National Maritime Transportation
Advisory Committees ......................
15101
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2022—Pu
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 46 U.S.C. § 2101
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 46 U.S.C. § 2101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, shall certify a training curriculum for United States mariners on the use of force against pirates. The curriculum shall include—
(1) information on waters designated as high-risk waters by the Commandant of the Coast Guard;
(2) information on current threats and patterns of attack by pirates;
(3) tactics for defense of a vessel, including instruction on the types, use, and limitations of security equipment;
(4) standard rules for the use of force for self-defense as developed by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating under section 912(c) of the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–281; [46 U.S.C. 8107](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section8107&num=0&edition=prelim) note), including instruction on firearm safety for crewmembers of vessels carrying cargo under [section 55305 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section55305&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(5) procedures to follow to improve crewmember survivability if captured and taken hostage by pirates.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 51705
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Limitation on Liability.—** An owner, operator, time charterer, master, mariner, or individual who uses force or authorizes the use of force to defend a vessel of the United States against an act of piracy shall not be liable for monetary damages for any injury or death caused by such force to any person engaging in an act of piracy if such force was in accordance with standard rules for the use of force in self-defense of vessels prescribed by the Secretary.
**(b) Promotion of Coordinated Action.—** To carry out the purpose of this section, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall work through the International Maritime Organization to establish agreements to promote coordinated action among flag- and port-states to deter, protect against, and rapidly respond to piracy against the vessels of, and in the waters under the jurisdiction of, those nations, and to ensure limitations on liability similar to those established by subsection (a).
**(c) Definition.—** For the purpose of this section, the term “act of piracy” means any act of aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure attempted against a vessel of the United States by an individual not authorized by the United States, a foreign government, or an international organization recognized by the United States to enforce law on the high seas.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 8107
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 158
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 8107
shall be discharged from the vessel at the next
port of call reached by the vessel after the
date on which the 60-workday limit is reached.
(2) CALCULATION.—For the purpose of calcu-
lating the 60-workday limit under this sub-
section, each day worked by a riding gang
member who is neither a United States citizen
nor an alien lawfully admitted to the United
States for permanent residence shall be count-
ed against the limitation.
(d) EXCEPTIONS FOR WARRANTY WORK.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsections (b), (c), (e), and
(f) do not apply to a riding gang member em-
ployed exclusively to perform, and who per-
forms only, work that is—
(A) customarily performed by original
equipment manufacturers’ technical rep-
resentatives;
(B) required by a manufacturer’s warranty
on specific machinery and equipment; or
(C) required by a contractual guarantee or
warranty on actual repairs performed in a
shipyard located outside of the United
States.
(2)
CITIZENSHIP
REQUIREMENT.—Subsection
(a)(1)(A) applies only to a riding gang member
described in paragraph (1) who is on the vessel
when it calls at a United States port.
(e) RECORDKEEPING.—In addition to the re-
quirements of subsection (a), the owner or man-
aging operator of a vessel to which subsection
(a) applies shall ensure that all information nec-
essary to ensure compliance with this section,
as determined by the Secretary, is entered into
the vessel’s official logbook required by chapter
113.
(f) FAILURE TO EMPLOY QUALIFIED AVAILABLE
U.S. CITIZENS OR RESIDENTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The owner or operator of a
vessel to which subsection (a) applies may not
employ a riding gang member who is neither a
United States citizen nor an alien lawfully ad-
mitted to the United States for perm
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 46 U.S.C. § 8107
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 46 U.S.C. § 8107. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.