20 U.S.C. § 9175 — 21st century museum professional pro-

Page 1693 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9175 (7). Prior to amendment, par. read as follows: ‘‘sup- porting efforts at the State level to leverage museum resources, including statewide assessments of museum services and needs and development of State plans to improve and maximize museum services through the State;’’. Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(a)(3), struck out par. (7) which read as follows: ‘‘supporting museums in providing services to people of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds and to individuals with dis- abilities;’’. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(a)(8), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: ‘‘supporting museums in developing and carrying out specialized programs for specific segments of the pub- lic, such as programs for urban neighborhoods, rural areas, Indian reservations, and State institutions;’’. Subsec. (a)(12), (13). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(a)(9)–(11), added pars. (12) and (13). Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(c)(1)(A), inserted period at end. Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(c)(1)(B)(i), amended subpar. (A) of par. (3) to duplicate amendment made by Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(2)(C)(i), which had been directed to subpar. (A) of par. (2) but executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, thus re- sulting in no change in text. See 2010 Amendment note below. Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(c)(1)(B)(ii), amended subpar. (B) of par. (3) to duplicate amendment made by Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(2)(C)(ii), which had been directed to subpar. (B) of par. (2) but executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, thus re- sulting in no change in text. See 2010 Amendment note below. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–410, § 18(b), (c)(2), substituted ‘‘2.25 percent’’ for ‘‘1.75 percent’’ and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 9176 of this title. 2015—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of this title. 2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(A), inserted ‘‘, States, local governments,’’ after ‘‘with museums’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(B), (C), added pars. (3) to (5), redesignated former par. (5) as (6), and struck out former pars. (3) and (4) which read as follows: ‘‘(3) supporting museums in assessing, conserving, re- searching, maintaining, and exhibiting their collec- tions, and in providing educational programs to the public through the use of their collections; ‘‘(4) stimulating greater collaboration among muse- ums, libraries, schools, and other community organiza- tions in order to share resources and strengthen com- munities;’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(B), (D), redesig- nated par. (5) as (6) and substituted ‘‘media, including new ways to disseminate information,’’ for ‘‘broadcast media’’. Former par. (6) redesignated (7). Subsec. (a)(7), (8). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(B), redesig- nated pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (9). Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(B), (E), redesig- nated par. (8) as (9) and substituted ‘‘, and the skills of museum staff, at all levels, and to support the develop- ment of the next generation of museum leaders and professionals,’’ for ‘‘at all levels,’’. Former par. (9) re- designated (10). Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(1)(B), redes- ignated pars. (9) and (10) as (10) and (11), respectively. Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(2)(A), (B), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3). Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(2)(C)(i), which directed that ‘‘awards’’ be struck out after ‘‘assist- ance’’ in subpar. (A) of par. (2), was executed by making the amendment in subpar. (A) of par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redes- ignation of par. (2) as (3). See above. Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 111–340, § 303(2)(C)(ii), which directed the substitution of ‘‘. Subsequent’’ for ‘‘, but subsequent’’ in subpar. (B) of par. (2), was executed by making the amendment in subpar. (B) of par. (3) to re- flect the probable intent of Congress and the inter- vening redesignation of par. (2) as (3). See above. 2003—Pub. L. 108–81, § 303, amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section con- tained provisions which in subsec. (a) authorized the Director to make grants to museums to pay for the Federal share of the cost of increasing and improving museum services, in subsec. (b) authorized the Director to enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with appropriate entities to pay for the Federal share of enabling the entities to undertake projects designed to strengthen museum services, in subsec. (c) estab- lished the Federal share, and in subsec. (d) required the Director to establish procedures for reviewing and eval- uating grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements entered into under this subchapter. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive pro- grams and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title. § 9174. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–81, title III, § 304, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002 Section, Pub. L. 94–462, title II, § 274, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VII, § 702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–304, related to National Award for Museum Service. § 9175. 21st century museum professional pro- gram (a) Purpose It is the purpose of this section to develop and enhance the diverse workforce of museum pro- fessionals in order to best anticipate and serve the needs of their local communities and the public by— (1) recruiting and educating future museum professionals from diverse and underrep- resented backgrounds, including through en- couraging middle or high school students and postsecondary students to pursue careers and build skills in museum services; (2) developing museum leaders from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds, including by increasing the capacity of institutions that offer early career and mid-career professional development, specialized training, and leader- ship programs that directly relate to museum studies and management; and (3) supporting the professional development of current museum professionals and the mu- seum workforce to enable them to meet iden- tified needs of their communities. (b) Activities From the amounts provided under section 9176 of this title, the Director may enter into ar- rangements, including grants, contracts, cooper- ative agreements, and other forms of assistance, with museums, museum consortia and associa- tions, institutions of higher education (as de- fined in section 9165(b) of this title), and other entities that the Director determines appro- priate, for projects that further the purpose of this section, such as projects that— Page 1694 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9176 (1) increase the number of students from di- verse and underrepresented backgrounds en- rolled in graduate and undergraduate mu- seum-related programs as well as other rel- evant programs offered through other edu- cation-focused entities, such as State and local governments, associations, and nonprofit organizations, in order to effectively prepare the students for, and retain the students in, careers in museum services; (2) recruit future museum professionals from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds, in- cluding efforts to attract promising middle school, high school, or postsecondary students to consider careers in museum services such as through offering paid internships, mentoring, and fellowship opportunities; (3) develop new or enhance current profes- sional development and retention programs for museum professionals and the museum workforce, including through mid-career skill- building, mentoring, and fellowships, and by supporting the development of local and re- gional networks for those who may not have easy access to such opportunities; and (4) support and conduct research, needs as- sessments, pilot programs, and evaluation of education and professional development pro- grams to explore successful approaches that can successfully recruit, prepare, educate, and retain the next generation of museum profes- sionals. (c) Evaluation The Director shall establish procedures for re- viewing and evaluating arrangements supported under this section. (Pub. L. 94–462, title II, § 275, as added Pub. L. 115–410, § 19(2), Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5421.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 9175, Pub. L. 94–462, title II, § 275, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VII, § 702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–304, related to National Museum Services Board, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 108–81, title III, § 304, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002. A prior section 275 of Pub. L. 94–462 was renumbered section 276 and is classified to section 9176 of this title. § 9176. Authorization of appropriations (a) Grants For the purpose of carrying out this sub- chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Director $38,600,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025. (b) Sums remaining available Sums appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) for any fiscal year shall remain available for ob- ligation until expended. (c) Funding rules Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, if the amount appropriated under subsection (a) for a fiscal year is greater than the amount appropriated under such subsection for fiscal year 2020 by more than $10,000,000, then an amount of not less than 30 percent but not more than 50 percent of the increase in appro- priated funds shall be available, from the funds appropriated under such subsection for the fiscal year, to enter into arrangements under section 9173 of this title to carry out the State assess- ments described in section 9173(a)(4) of this title and to assist States in the implementation of such plans. (Pub. L. 94–462, title II, § 276, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VII, § 702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–306; renum- bered § 275 and amended Pub. L. 108–81, title III, § 305, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 111–340, title III, § 304, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3604; renum- bered § 276 and amended Pub. L. 115–410, §§ 19(1), 20, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5421, 5422.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–410, § 20(1), substituted ‘‘each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 2011 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2016’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–410, § 20(2), substituted ‘‘fiscal year 2020’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 2011’’. 2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, § 304(1), added sub- sec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former sub- sec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘For the purpose of carrying out this subchapter, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Director $38,600,000 for fiscal year 2004 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005 through 2009.’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–340, § 304(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of former subsec. (b) read as follows: ‘‘Not more than 10 percent of the funds appropriated under this section for a fiscal year may be used to pay for the administrative costs of carrying out this subchapter.’’ Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–340, § 304(4), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b). 2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–81, § 305(1), substituted ‘‘$38,600,000 for fiscal year 2004 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005 through 2009.’’ for ‘‘$28,700,000 for the fiscal year 1997, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1998 through 2002.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–81 effective Oct. 1, 2003, see section 506 of Pub. L. 108–81, set out as a note under section 9101 of this title. CHAPTER 73—ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY SUBCHAPTER I—ADULT EDUCATION AND FAMILY LITERACY §§ 9201 to 9204. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705 Section 9201, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, § 202, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, related to the purpose of this sub- chapter. Section 9202, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, § 203, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1060; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(d)(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1622; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 404(a)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–416; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1076(s), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2092, provided the definitions of this sub- chapter. Section 9203, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, § 204, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title