10 U.S.C. § 7453 — Cadets: degree and commission on grad-

Page 3076 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 7452 loss of the academic or military status held by the former cadet at the time of resignation. ‘‘(e) CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER REMEDIES.—This sec- tion does not preempt or supersede any other remedy that may be available to a former cadet or mid- shipman. ‘‘(f) SERVICE ACADEMIES.—In this section, the term ‘service academy’ means the following: ‘‘(1) The United States Military Academy. ‘‘(2) The United States Naval Academy. ‘‘(3) The United States Air Force Academy.’’ § 7452. Cadets: hazing (a) Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Army, the Superintendent of the Academy shall issue regulations— (1) defining hazing; (2) designed to prevent that practice; and (3) prescribing dismissal, suspension, or other adequate punishment for violations. (b) If a cadet who is charged with violating a regulation issued under subsection (a), the pen- alty for which is or may be dismissal from the Academy, requests in writing a trial by a gen- eral court-martial, he may not be dismissed for that offense except under sentence of such a court. (c) A cadet dismissed from the Academy for hazing may not be reappointed to the Corps of Cadets, and is ineligible for appointment as a commissioned officer in a regular component of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space Force, until two years after the gradua- tion of his class. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 244, § 4352; re- numbered § 7452, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 808(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839; amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 924(c)(1)(A), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3826.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 4352(a) ..... 4352(b) ..... 4352(c) ..... 10:1163 (1st par.). 10:1163 (1st 32 words of last par.). 10:1163 (last par., less 1st 32 words). Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 804 (2d proviso under ‘‘Perma- nent Establishment’’); restated Apr. 19, 1910, ch. 174 (38th par. under ‘‘Buildings and Grounds’’), 36 Stat. 323. In subsection (a), the word ‘‘violations’’ is sub- stituted for the words ‘‘infractions of the same’’. The words ‘‘to embody a clear’’ are omitted as surplusage. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘the penalty for which is or may be’’ are substituted for the words ‘‘which would involve’’. The words ‘‘may not be dismissed for that of- fense except under sentence of such a court’’ are sub- stituted for the words ‘‘shall be granted’’. In subsection (c), the words ‘‘a regular component’’ are inserted, since the source statute historically ap- plied only to the regular components. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted ‘‘Marine Corps, or Space Force’’ for ‘‘or Marine Corps’’. 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4352 of this title as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 7453. Cadets: degree and commission on grad- uation (a) Under such conditions as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe, the Superintendent of the Academy may confer the degree of bachelor of science upon graduates of the Academy. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a cadet who completes the prescribed course of instruction may, upon graduation, be appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Army under section 531 of this title. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245, § 4353; Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(103), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 502(26), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2911; renumbered § 7453, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 808(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1956 ACT Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 4353(a) ..... 4353(b) ..... 10:486a (less last sen- tence). 10:506c(f) (1st sentence, less last 43 words). May 25, 1933, ch. 37 (less last sentence); restated Aug. 9, 1946, ch. 932 (less last sentence); re- stated Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, § 13; restated Aug. 18, 1949, ch. 476 (less last sentence), 63 Stat. 615. Aug. 7, 1947, ch. 512, § 506(f) (1st sentence, less last 43 words), 61 Stat. 892. In subsection (a), the last 27 words are substituted for 10:486a (last sentence). The words ‘‘rules and’’ and ‘‘from and after the date of the accrediting of said Academy’’ are omitted as surplusage. The word ‘‘condi- tions’’ is substituted for the words ‘‘rules and regula- tions’’. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘except section 541 of this title’’ are inserted to reflect the authority to ap- point graduates of one service academy as officers of another service. 1958 ACT Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 4353(b) ..... 10 App.:506c–4(c) (1st sen- tence). July 20, 1956, ch. 646, § 103(c) (1st sentence), 70 Stat. 583. It is unnecessary to include a reference to section 541, since that section does not derogate from the authority granted in this section. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4353 of this title as this section. 1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–513 inserted ‘‘under sec- tion 531 of this title’’ after ‘‘Regular Army’’. 1958—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–861 struck out ‘‘except section 541 of this title’’ after ‘‘provision of law’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. Page 3077 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 7455 EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Sept. 15, 1981, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. DEGREES FOR PERSONS WHO GRADUATED BEFORE ACCREDITING OF MILITARY ACADEMY Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 35, 70A Stat. 634, provided in part that, under conditions prescribed by the Sec- retary of the Army, the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy may confer the degree of bachelor of science upon living graduates of the Acad- emy who were graduated before the date of accrediting of the Academy and who have met the requirements of the Academy for that degree. § 7454. Buildings and grounds: memorial hall; buildings for religious worship (a) The memorial hall at the Academy is a re- pository for statues, busts, mural tablets, por- traits of distinguished and deceased officers and graduates of the Academy, paintings of battle scenes, trophies of war, and other objects that may tend to elevate the military profession. No object may be placed in this hall without the ap- proval of two-thirds of the members of the Aca- demic Board of the Academy by a recorded vote taken by ayes and nays. (b) The Secretary of the Army may authorize any denomination, sect, or religious body to erect a building for religious worship on the West Point Military Reservation, if its erection will not interfere with the use of the reservation for military purposes and will be without ex- pense to the United States. Such a building shall be removed, or its location changed, with- out compensation for it and without other ex- pense to the United States, by the denomina- tion, sect, or religious body that erected it, whenever in the opinion of the Secretary public or military necessity so requires. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245, § 4354; re- numbered § 7454, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 808(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 4354(a) ..... 4354(b) ..... 10:1125. 10:1126. July 23, 1892, ch. 237, § 6, 27 Stat. 263. July 8, 1898, ch. 636, 30 Stat. 722. In subsection (a), the words ‘‘and to prevent the in- troduction of unworthy subjects into this hall’’ and ‘‘entire’’ are omitted as surplusage. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘in his discretion’’ and ‘‘Government of’’ are omitted as surplusage. The words ‘‘United States’’ are substituted for the word ‘‘Govern- ment’’. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4354 of this title as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 7455. Board of Visitors (a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is con- stituted annually of— (1) the chair of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, or the designee of such chair; (2) the ranking member of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, or the designee of the ranking member; (3) two other members of the Senate des- ignated by the Majority Leader of the Senate, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (4) two other members of the Senate des- ignated by the Minority Leader of the Senate, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (5) the chair of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, or the designee of such chair; (6) the ranking member of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representa- tives, or the designee of the ranking member; (7) two other members of the House of Rep- resentatives designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; (8) one other member of the House of Rep- resentatives designated by the Minority Lead- er of the House of Representatives; and (9) six persons designated by the President. (b) The persons designated by the President serve for three years each except that any mem- ber whose term of office has expired shall con- tinue to serve until his successor is appointed by the President. The President shall designate two persons each year to succeed the members whose terms expire that year. (c) If a member of the Board dies or resigns, a successor shall be designated for the unexpired portion of the term by the official who des- ignated the member. (d) The Board shall visit the Academy annu- ally. With the approval of the Secretary of the Army, the Board or its members may make other visits to the Academy in connection with the duties of the Board or to consult with the Superintendent of the Academy. (e) The Board shall inquire into the morale and discipline, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating to the Academy that the Board decides to consider. (f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board shall submit a written report to the Presi- dent and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives of its action, and of its views and recommendations pertaining to the Academy. Any report of a visit, other than the annual visit, shall, if ap- proved by a majority of the members of the Board, be submitted to the President and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives within 60 days after the approval. (g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call in advisers for consultation. (h) While performing his duties, each member of the Board and each adviser shall be reim-