34 U.S.C. § 20351 — Requirement for background checks

Page 482 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 20351 award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees in- curred by the defendant. (Pub. L. 115–424, § 3(b), Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5470.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018, and not as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 which com- prises this chapter. SUBCHAPTER V—CHILD CARE WORKER EMPLOYEE BACKGROUND CHECKS § 20351. Requirement for background checks (a) In general (1) Each agency of the Federal Government, and every facility operated by the Federal Gov- ernment (or operated under contract with the Federal Government), that hires (or contracts for hire) individuals involved with the provision to children under the age of 18 of child care serv- ices shall assure that all existing and newly- hired employees undergo a criminal history background check. All existing staff shall re- ceive such checks not later than May 29, 1991. Except as provided in subsection (b)(3), no addi- tional staff shall be hired without a check hav- ing been completed. (2) For the purposes of this section, the term ‘‘child care services’’ means child protective services (including the investigation of child abuse and neglect reports), social services, health and mental health care, child (day) care, education (whether or not directly involved in teaching), foster care, residential care, rec- reational or rehabilitative programs, and deten- tion, correctional, or treatment services. (b) Criminal history check (1) A background check required by subsection (a) shall be— (A) based on a set of the employee’s finger- prints obtained by a law enforcement officer and on other identifying information; (B) conducted through the Identification Di- vision of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and through the State criminal history reposi- tories of all States that an employee or pro- spective employee lists as current and former residences in an employment application; and (C) initiated through the personnel programs of the applicable Federal agencies. (2) The results of the background check shall be communicated to the employing agency. (3) An agency or facility described in sub- section (a)(1) may hire a staff person provision- ally prior to the completion of a background check if, at all times prior to receipt of the background check during which children are in the care of the person, the person is within the sight and under the supervision of a staff person with respect to whom a background check has been completed. (c) Applicable criminal histories Any conviction for a sex crime, an offense in- volving a child victim, or a drug felony, may be ground for denying employment or for dismissal of an employee in any of the positions listed in subsection (a)(2). In the case of an incident in which an individual has been charged with one of those offenses, when the charge has not yet been disposed of, an employer may suspend an employee from having any contact with children while on the job until the case is resolved. Con- viction of a crime other than a sex crime may be considered if it bears on an individual’s fitness to have responsibility for the safety and well- being of children. (d) Employment applications (1) Employment applications for individuals who are seeking work for an agency of the Fed- eral Government, or for a facility or program operated by (or through contract with) the Fed- eral Government, in any of the positions listed in subsection (a)(1), shall contain a question asking whether the individual has ever been ar- rested for or charged with a crime involving a child, and if so requiring a description of the dis- position of the arrest or charge. An application shall state that it is being signed under penalty of perjury, with the applicable Federal punish- ment for perjury stated on the application. (2) A Federal agency seeking a criminal his- tory record check shall first obtain the signa- ture of the employee or prospective employee indicating that the employee or prospective em- ployee has been notified of the employer’s obli- gation to require a record check as a condition of employment and the employee’s right to ob- tain a copy of the criminal history report made available to the employing Federal agency and the right to challenge the accuracy and com- pleteness of any information contained in the report. (e) Encouragement of voluntary criminal history checks for others who may have contact with children Federal agencies and facilities are encouraged to submit identifying information for criminal history checks on volunteers working in any of the positions listed in subsection (a) and on adult household members in places where child care or foster care services are being provided in a home. (Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 231, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4808; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, § 1094(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1488.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 13041 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. AMENDMENTS 1991—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–190, § 1094(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘May 29, 1991. Except as provided in subsection (b)(3), no additional staff’’ for ‘‘6 months after Novem- ber 29, 1990, and no additional staff’’. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–190, § 1094(a)(2), added par. (3). CHAPTER 205—AMBER ALERT Sec. 20501. National coordination of AMBER Alert com- munications network.