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10 U.S.C. § 255 — Guam and Virgin Islands included as

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10 U.S.C. § 255 — Guam and Virgin Islands included as

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Page 339 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 255 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, § 1068(d), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 326, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 334 and 12304 of this title and repealing section 2567 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008].’’ § 254. Proclamation to disperse Whenever the President considers it necessary to use the militia or the armed forces under this chapter, he shall, by proclamation, immediately order the insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their abodes within a limited time. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 16, § 334; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, § 1076(a)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2405; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, § 1068(a)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 325; renum- bered § 254, Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1241(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2497.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 334 .......... 50:204. R.S. 5300. The words ‘‘militia or the armed forces’’ are sub- stituted for the words ‘‘military forces’’ for clarity and to conform to sections 331, 332, and 333 of this title. DERIVATION Act July 29, 1861, ch. 25, § 2, 12 Stat. 282. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Another section 254 was renumbered section 240d of this title. AMENDMENTS 2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 334 of this title as this section. 2008—Pub. L. 110–181 struck out ‘‘or those obstructing the enforcement of the laws’’ after ‘‘insurgents’’. 2006—Pub. L. 109–364 inserted ‘‘or those obstructing the enforcement of the laws’’ after ‘‘insurgents’’. Executive Documents PROC. NO. 3204. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS Proc. No. 3204, Sept. 23, 1957, 22 F.R. 7628, commanded all persons in the State of Arkansas who were obstruct- ing the enforcement of orders of the United States Dis- trict Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas relat- ing to enrollment and attendance at public schools, particularly Central High School at Little Rock, Ar- kansas, to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith. PROC. NO. 3497. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI Proc. No. 3497, Sept. 30, 1962, 27 F.R. 9681, commanded all persons in the State of Mississippi who were ob- structing the enforcement of orders entered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith. PROC. NO. 3542. UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE AND COMBINATIONS IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA Proc. No. 3542, June 11, 1963, 28 F.R. 5707, commanded the Governor of the State of Alabama and all other per- sons who were obstructing the orders of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ala- bama relating to the enrollment and attendance of Negro students at the University of Alabama to cease and desist therefrom. PROC. NO. 3554. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA Proc. No. 3554, Sept. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 9861, commanded all persons obstructing the enforcement of orders en- tered by the United States District Courts in the State of Alabama relating to the enrollment and attendance of students in public schools in that State to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith. PROC. NO. 3645. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA Proc. No. 3645, Mar. 23, 1965, 30 F.R. 3739, commanded all persons engaged or who may engage in domestic vi- olence obstructing the enforcement of the laws and the judicial order approving the right to march along U.S. Highway 80 from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama com- mencing during the period from Mar. 19, 1965 to Mar. 22, 1965 and terminating within 5 days of the commence- ment to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith. PROC. NO. 3795. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN Proc. No. 3795, July 26, 1967, 32 F.R. 10905, commanded all persons engaged in domestic violence and disorder in Detroit, Michigan, and obstructing the enforcement of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to dis- perse forthwith. PROC. NO. 3840. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA Proc. No. 3840, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5495, commanded all persons engaged in acts of violence threatening the Washington Metropolitan Area and obstructing the execution of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith. PROC. NO. 3841. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS Proc. No. 3841, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5497, commanded all persons engaged in violence in and about the City of Chicago and obstructing the enforcement of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith. PROC. NO. 3842. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND Proc. No. 3842, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5499, commanded all persons engaged in acts of violence and obstructing the enforcement of the laws in and about the City of Baltimore to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith. § 255. Guam and Virgin Islands included as ‘‘State’’ For purposes of this chapter, the term ‘‘State’’ includes Guam and the Virgin Islands. (Added Pub. L. 90–497, § 11, Sept. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 847, § 335; amended Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(11)(A), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, § 1057(a)(8), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441; renumbered § 255, Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1241(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2497.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 335 of this title as this section. Page 340 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 261 2006—Pub. L. 109–163 struck out ‘‘the unincorporated territories of’’ before ‘‘Guam’’. 1980—Pub. L. 96–513 inserted ‘‘and Virgin Islands’’ after ‘‘Guam’’ in section catchline and inserted provi- sion respecting applicability to the Virgin Islands. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 90–497, § 11, Sept. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 847, provided that this section is effective on date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–497, which was approved on Sept. 11, 1968. CHAPTER 14—ARMING OF AMERICAN VESSELS Sec. 261. During war or threat to national security. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2016—Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1241(a)(1), (o)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2497, 2512, renumbered chapter 17 of this title ‘‘ARMING OF AMERICAN VES- SELS’’ as chapter 14 and redesignated item 351 ‘‘During war or threat to national security’’ as item 261. § 261. During war or threat to national security (a) The President, through any agency of the Department of Defense designated by him, may arm, have armed, or allow to be armed, any watercraft or aircraft that is capable of being used as a means of transportation on, over, or under water, and is documented, registered, or licensed under the laws of the United States. (b) This section applies during a war and at any other time when the President determines that the security of the United States is threat- ened by the application, or the imminent danger of application, of physical force by any foreign government or agency against the United States, its citizens, the property of its citizens, or their commercial interests. (c) Section 16 of the Act of March 4, 1909 (22 U.S.C. 463) does not apply to vessels armed under this section. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 16, § 351; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(12), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered § 261, Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1241(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2497.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 351(a) ...... 50:481 (1st sentence, less 1st 7 words). June 29, 1948, ch. 715, 62 Stat. 1095. 351(b) ...... 50:481 (1st 7 words of 1st sentence and 2d sen- tence). 351(c) ...... 50:481 (less 1st and 2d sentences). In subsection (a), the wording of the special defini- tion of ‘‘vessel’’ and ‘‘American vessel’’, contained in section 16 of the Neutrality Act of 1939, 54 Stat. 12 (22 U.S.C. 456), is substituted for the words ‘‘any American vessel as defined in the Neutrality Act of 1939’’. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘or national emergency’’ are omitted, since the words of the source statute de- fining that term have been substituted for it. In subsection (c), the words ‘‘(relating to bonds from armed vessels on clearing)’’ are omitted as surplusage. Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 261 was renumbered section 241 of this title. Another prior section 261, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 10, which named the reserve components of the armed forces, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§ 1661(a)(2)(A), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See sections 10101 and 10213 of this title. Prior sections 262 to 265 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§ 1661(a)(2)(A), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. Section 262, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 10; Dec. 1, 1967, Pub. L. 90–168, § 2(5), 81 Stat. 521, related to purpose of reserve components. See section 10102 of this title. Section 263, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 11, re- lated to basic policy for ordering Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the United States into Federal service. See section 10103 of this title. Section 264, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 11; Dec. 1, 1967, Pub. L. 90–168, § 2(6), 81 Stat. 521; Nov. 19, 1969, Pub. L. 91–121, title III, § 303, 83 Stat. 206; Oct. 20, 1978, Pub. L. 95–485, title IV, § 406(a), 92 Stat. 1616; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1405(7)(A), (B), 98 Stat. 2622, authorized Secretaries of each armed force to designate officers to be responsible for reserve af- fairs and assigned responsibility for providing per- sonnel and logistic support for reserves. See sections 10203 and 18501 of this title. Section 265, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 11, re- lated to participation of reserve officers in preparation and administration of policies and regulations affecting reserve components. See section 10211 of this title. Prior section 266 was renumbered section 12643 of this title. Prior sections 267 to 270 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§ 1661(a)(2)(A), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. Section 267, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 12, re- lated to placement and status of members of Ready Re- serve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. See sec- tion 10141(a), (b) of this title. Section 268, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 12; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(3), 72 Stat. 1437; Dec. 1, 1967, Pub. L. 90–168, § 2(8), 81 Stat. 522; Oct. 12, 1982, Pub. L. 97–295, § 1(5), 96 Stat. 1289, related to composition, or- ganization, and structure of Ready Reserve. See sec- tions 10142 and 10143 of this title. Section 269, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 12; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(4), 72 Stat. 1437; June 30, 1960, Pub. L. 86–559, § 1(2)(A), 74 Stat. 264; Dec. 1, 1967, Pub. L. 90–168, § 2(9), 81 Stat. 522; Oct. 20, 1978, Pub. L. 95–485, title IV, § 405(a)(1), 92 Stat. 1615; Sept. 24, 1983, Pub. L. 98–94, title X, § 1018, 97 Stat. 669; Sept. 29, 1988, Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, § 1234(a)(1), 102 Stat. 2059, related to placement in and transfer from Ready Reserve. See sections 10145 and 10146 of this title. Section 270, added Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(5)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1438; amended Pub. L. 87–378, § 2, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 88–110, § 4, Sept. 3, 1963, 77 Stat. 136; Pub. L. 90–168, § 2(10), Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 523; Pub. L. 92–156, title III, § 303(a), Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, § 1234(a)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, § 501(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1435, related to training requirements of Ready Reserve. See sections 10147 and 10148 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 351 of this title as this section.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

10 U.S.C. § 255 — Guam and Virgin Islands included as “State”

For purposes of this chapter, the term “State” includes Guam and the Virgin Islands.

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22 U.S.C. § 456 — Definitions

For the purposes of this subchapter— **(a)** The term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, includes the several States and Territories, the insular possessions of the United States, the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia. **(b)** The term “person” includes a partnership, company, association, or corporation, as well as a natural person. **(c)** The term “vessel” means every description of watercraft and aircraft capable of being used as a means of transportation on, under, or over water. **(d)** The term “American vessel” means any vessel documented, and any aircraft registered or licensed, under the laws of the United States. **(e)** The term “state” shall include nation, government, and country. **(f)** The term “citizen” shall include any individual owing allegiance to the United States, a partnership, company, or association composed in whole or in part of citizens of the United States, and any corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States as defined in subsection (a) of this section.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 456 — Definitions

Page 299 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 456 1 See References in Text note below. may, while such proclamation is in effect, re- quire the owner, master, or person in command of any vessel, foreign or domestic, before depart- ing from the United States, to give a bond to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in such amount as he shall deem proper, conditioned that no alien seaman who arrived on such vessel shall remain in the United States for a longer period than that permitted under the regula- tions, as amended from time to time, issued pur- suant to section 168 1 of title 8. Notwithstanding the provisions of said section 168 1 of title 8, the President may issue such regulations with re- spect to the landing of such seamen as he deems necessary to insure their departure either on such vessel or another vessel at the expense of such owner, master, or person in command. (Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 10, 54 Stat. 9.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 168 of title 8, referred to in subsec. (c), was re- pealed by act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, § 403(a)(13), 66 Stat. 279. See section 1286 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. CODIFICATION In subsec. (a), ‘‘section 967 of title 18’’ substituted for ‘‘section 1, title V, chapter 30, of the Act approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 217, 221; U.S.C., 1934 edition, title 18, sec. 31)’’ on authority of act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 863, section 1 of which enacted Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of Homeland Security of authority vested in President by subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section, see sections 1(n) and 1(o) of Ex. Ord. No. 10637, Sept. 16, 1955, 20 F.R. 7025, as amended, set out as a note unde

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22 U.S.C. § 463 — Bonds from armed vessels on clearing

The owners or consignees of every armed vessel sailing out of the ports of, or under the jurisdiction of, the United States, belonging wholly or in part to citizens thereof, shall, before clearing out the same, give bond to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in double the amount of the value of the vessel and cargo on board, including her armament, conditioned that the vessel shall not be employed by such owners to cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with whom the United States are at peace.

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22 U.S.C. § 463 — Bonds from armed vessels on clearing

Page 301 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 465 Act June 15, 1917, inserted provisions relating to de- tention of vessels. PRIOR PROVISIONS Section was derived from R.S. § 5288 (act Apr. 20, 1818, ch. 88, § 9, 3 Stat. 449), which was repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153. § 463. Bonds from armed vessels on clearing The owners or consignees of every armed ves- sel sailing out of the ports of, or under the juris- diction of, the United States, belonging wholly or in part to citizens thereof, shall, before clear- ing out the same, give bond to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in double the amount of the value of the vessel and cargo on board, including her armament, conditioned that the vessel shall not be employed by such owners to cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with whom the United States are at peace. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 16, 35 Stat. 1091.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 28 of title 18 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 683. PRIOR PROVISIONS Section was derived from R.S. § 5289 (act Apr. 20, 1818, ch. 88, § 10, 3 Stat. 449), which was repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153. § 464. Detention by collectors of customs The several collectors of the customs shall de- tain any vessel manifestly built for warlike pur- poses, and about to depart the United States, or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, the cargo of which principally consists of arms and munitions of war, when the number of men shipped on board, or othe

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