18 U.S.C. § 1924 — Unauthorized removal and retention of

Page 467 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 1924 ever makes, in an affidavit or report required by sec- tion 8106 of title 5 or in a claim for compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, a statement, know- ing it to be false, is guilty of perjury and shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.’’ Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $2,000’’. [§ 1921. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title X, § 1002(9), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2155] Section, added Pub. L. 89–554, § 3(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147, penalized re- ceiving certain Federal employees’ compensation after marriage. § 1922. False or withheld report concerning Fed- eral employees’ compensation Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States charged with the responsibility for making the reports of the immediate supe- rior specified by section 8120 of title 5, willfully fails, neglects, or refuses to make any of the re- ports, or knowingly files a false report, or in- duces, compels, or directs an injured employee to forego filing of any claim for compensation or other benefits provided under subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5 or any extension or applica- tion thereof, or willfully retains any notice, re- port, claim, or paper which is required to be filed under that subchapter or any extension or application thereof, or regulations prescribed thereunder, shall be fined under this title or im- prisoned not more than one year, or both. (Added Pub. L. 89–554, § 3(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 5 U.S.C. 774(b). Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, § 206, 74 Stat. 908. The words ‘‘the reports of the immediate superior specified in section 8120 of title 5’’ are substituted for ‘‘the reports specified in subsection (a) of this section’’ to reflect the codification of that subsection in title 5, United States Code. The words ‘‘subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5’’ and ‘‘that subchapter’’ are substituted for ‘‘sections 751–756, 757–781, 783–791, and 793 of this title’’ and ‘‘said sec- tions’’, respectively, to reflect the codification of the sections in title 5, United States Code. The words ‘‘shall be guilty of a misdemeanor’’ are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definitive section 1 of this title. (See reviser’s note under 18 U.S.C. 212, 1964 ed.) The words ‘‘and upon conviction thereof’’ are omitted as unnecessary because punishment can be imposed only after conviction. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $500’’. § 1923. Fraudulent receipt of payments of missing persons Whoever obtains or receives any money, check, or allotment under— (1) subchapter VII of chapter 55 of title 5; or (2) chapter 10 of title 37; without being entitled thereto, with intent to defraud, shall be fined under this title or impris- oned not more than one year, or both. (Added Pub. L. 89–554, § 3(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 50A U.S.C. 1008. Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, § 8, 56 Stat. 145. Clauses (1) and (2) are substituted for the words ‘‘under this Act’’ to reflect the codification of the Act. The portion of the Act which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in subchapter VII of chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code. The portion of the Act which is applicable to members of the uniformed services and their depend- ents is codified in chapter 10 of title 37, United States Code. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $2,000’’. § 1924. Unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or material (a) Whoever, being an officer, employee, con- tractor, or consultant of the United States, and, by virtue of his office, employment, position, or contract, becomes possessed of documents or materials containing classified information of the United States, knowingly removes such doc- uments or materials without authority and with the intent to retain such documents or mate- rials at an unauthorized location shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. (b) For purposes of this section, the provision of documents and materials to the Congress shall not constitute an offense under subsection (a). (c) In this section, the term ‘‘classified infor- mation of the United States’’ means informa- tion originated, owned, or possessed by the United States Government concerning the na- tional defense or foreign relations of the United States that has been determined pursuant to law or Executive order to require protection against unauthorized disclosure in the interests of na- tional security. (Added Pub. L. 103–359, title VIII, § 808(a), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3453; amended Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(d)(1)(C)(i), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1809; Pub. L. 115–118, title II, § 202, Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 19.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–118 substituted ‘‘five years’’ for ‘‘one year’’. 2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted ‘‘under this title’’ for ‘‘not more than $1,000,’’. Page 468 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 1951 CHAPTER 95—RACKETEERING Sec. 1951. Interference with commerce by threats or vi- olence. 1952. Interstate and foreign travel or transpor- tation in aid of racketeering enterprises. 1953. Interstate transportation of wagering para- phernalia. 1954. Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence operations of employee benefit plan. 1955. Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses. 1956. Laundering of monetary instruments. 1957. Engaging in monetary transactions in prop- erty derived from specified unlawful activ- ity. 1958. Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire. 1959. Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activ- ity. 1960. Prohibition of unlicensed money transmit- ting businesses. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 373(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340, substituted ‘‘unlicensed’’ for ‘‘illegal’’ in item 1960. 1992—Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1512(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4058, added item 1960. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7053(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4402, redesignated items 1952A and 1952B as 1958 and 1959, respectively, and transferred them to the end of the table of sections. 1986—Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1352(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–21, added items 1956 and 1957. 1984—Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1002(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2137, added items 1952A and 1952B. 1970—Pub. L. 91–452, title VIII, § 803(b), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 938, added item 1955. 1962—Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(f), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 43, added item 1954. 1961—Pub. L. 87–228, § 1(b), Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 499, added item 1952. Pub. L. 87–218, § 1, Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 492, added item 1953. § 1951. Interference with commerce by threats or violence (a) Whoever in any way or degree obstructs, delays, or affects commerce or the movement of any article or commodity in commerce, by rob- bery or extortion or attempts or conspires so to do, or commits or threatens physical violence to any person or property in furtherance of a plan or purpose to do anything in violation of this section shall be fined under this title or impris- oned not more than twenty years, or both. (b) As used in this section— (1) The term ‘‘robbery’’ means the unlawful taking or obtaining of personal property from the person or in the presence of another, against his will, by means of actual or threat- ened force, or violence, or fear of injury, im- mediate or future, to his person or property, or property in his custody or possession, or the person or property of a relative or member of his family or of anyone in his company at the time of the taking or obtaining. (2) The term ‘‘extortion’’ means the obtain- ing of property from another, with his con- sent, induced by wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear, or under color of official right. (3) The term ‘‘commerce’’ means commerce within the District of Columbia, or any Terri- tory or Possession of the United States; all commerce between any point in a State, Terri- tory, Possession, or the District of Columbia and any point outside thereof; all commerce between points within the same State through any place outside such State; and all other commerce over which the United States has jurisdiction. (c) This section shall not be construed to re- peal, modify or affect section 17 of Title 15, sec- tions 52, 101–115, 151–166 of Title 29 or sections 151–188 of Title 45. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 420a–420e–1 (June 18, 1934, ch. 569, §§ 1–6, 48 Stat. 979, 980; July 3, 1946, ch. 537, 60 Stat. 420). Section consolidates sections 420a to 420e–1 of Title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with changes in phraseology and ar- rangement necessary to effect consolidation. Provisions designating offense as felony were omitted as unnecessary in view of definitive section 1 of this title. (See reviser’s note under section 550 of this title.) Subsection (c) of the revised section is derived from title II of the 1946 amendment. It substitutes references to specific sections of the United States Code, 1940 ed., in place of references to numerous acts of Congress, in conformity to the style of the revision bill. Subsection (c) as rephrased will preclude any construction of im- plied repeal of the specified acts of Congress codified in the sections enumerated. The words ‘‘attempts or conspires so to do’’ were sub- stituted for sections 3 and 4 of the 1946 act, omitting as unnecessary the words ‘‘participates in an attempt’’ and the words ‘‘or acts in concert with another or with others’’, in view of section 2 of this title which makes any person who participates in an unlawful enterprise or aids or assists the principal offender, or does any- thing towards the accomplishment of the crime, a prin- cipal himself. Words ‘‘shall, upon conviction thereof,’’ were omitted as surplusage, since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Sections 101–115 of Title 29, referred to in subsec. (c), is a reference to act Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70, popularly known as the Norris-LaGuardia Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 101 of Title 29, Labor, and Tables. Section 11 of that act, formerly classified to section 111 of Title 29, was repealed and reenacted as section 3692 of this title by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948. Section 12 of that act, formerly classified to section 112 of Title 29, was repealed by act June 25, 1948, and is covered by rule 42(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, set out in Appendix to this title. Section 164 of Title 45, included within the reference in subsec. (c) to sections 151–188 of Title 45, was re- pealed by act Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, § 4, 54 Stat. 1111. Section 186 of Title 45, included within the reference in subsec. (c) to sections 151–188 of Title 45, was omitted from the Code. AMENDMENTS 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $10,000’’.