15 U.S.C. § 3001 — Congressional findings and policy

Page 1969 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 3001 (1) Creation of an international cooperative program to fund research related to energy ef- ficiency, solar and other renewable energy sources, and passively safe and diversion-re- sistant nuclear reactors. (2) Creation of an international cooperative program to develop low cost energy tech- nologies which are appropriate to the environ- mental, economic, and social needs of devel- oping nations. (3) Exchange of information concerning envi- ronmentally safe energy technologies and practices, including those described in para- graphs (1) and (2). (Pub. L. 101–606, title II, § 203, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3102.) § 2953. Global Change Research Information Of- fice Not more than 180 days after November 16, 1990, the President shall, in consultation with the Committee and all relevant Federal agen- cies, establish an Office of Global Change Re- search Information. The purpose of the Office shall be to disseminate to foreign governments, businesses, and institutions, as well as the citi- zens of foreign countries, scientific research in- formation available in the United States which would be useful in preventing, mitigating, or adapting to the effects of global change. Such information shall include, but need not be lim- ited to, results of scientific research and devel- opment on technologies useful for— (1) reducing energy consumption through conservation and energy efficiency; (2) promoting the use of solar and renewable energy sources which reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmos- phere; (3) developing replacements for chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and other ozone- depleting substances which exhibit a signifi- cantly reduced potential for depleting strato- spheric ozone; (4) promoting the conservation of forest re- sources which help reduce the amount of car- bon dioxide in the atmosphere; (5) assisting developing countries in ecologi- cal pest management practices and in the proper use of agricultural, and industrial chemicals; and (6) promoting recycling and source reduction of pollutants in order to reduce the volume of waste which must be disposed of, thus decreas- ing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. (Pub. L. 101–606, title II, § 204, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3103.) SUBCHAPTER III—GROWTH DECISION AID § 2961. Study and decision aid (a) Study of consequences of community growth and development; decision aid to assist State and local authorities in managing develop- ment The Secretary of Commerce shall conduct a study of the implications and potential con- sequences of growth and development on urban, suburban, and rural communities. Based upon the findings of the study, the Secretary shall produce a decision aid to assist State and local authorities in planning and managing urban, suburban, and rural growth and development while preserving community character. (b) Consultation with appropriate Federal de- partments and agencies The Secretary of Commerce shall consult with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies as necessary in carrying out this sec- tion. (c) Report The Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the Congress a report containing the decision aid produced under subsection (a) no later than January 30, 1992. The Secretary shall notify ap- propriate State and local authorities that such decision aid is available on request. (Pub. L. 101–606, title III, § 301, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3104.) CHAPTER 57—INTERSTATE HORSERACING Sec. 3001. Congressional findings and policy. 3002. Definitions. 3003. Acceptance of interstate off-track wager. 3004. Regulation of interstate off-track wagering. 3005. Liability and damages. 3006. Civil action. 3007. Jurisdiction and venue. § 3001. Congressional findings and policy (a) The Congress finds that— (1) the States should have the primary re- sponsibility for determining what forms of gambling may legally take place within their borders; (2) the Federal Government should prevent interference by one State with the gambling policies of another, and should act to protect identifiable national interests; and (3) in the limited area of interstate off-track wagering on horseraces, there is a need for Federal action to ensure States will continue to cooperate with one another in the accept- ance of legal interstate wagers. (b) It is the policy of the Congress in this chapter to regulate interstate commerce with respect to wagering on horseracing, in order to further the horseracing and legal off-track bet- ting industries in the United States. (Pub. L. 95–515, § 2, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1811.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 95–515, § 9, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1815, provided that: ‘‘(a) The provisions of this Act [this chapter] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978], and, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, shall apply to any interstate off-track wager accepted on or after such date of enactment. ‘‘(b)(1) The provisions of this Act [this chapter] shall not apply to any interstate off-track wager which is ac- cepted pursuant to a contract existing on May 1, 1978. ‘‘(2) The provisions of this Act shall not apply to any form of legal non-parimutuel off-track betting existing in a State on May 1, 1978. ‘‘(3) The provisions of subsection (b) of section 5 of this Act [section 3004(b) of this title] shall not apply to Page 1970 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 3002 any parimutuel off-track betting system existing on May 1, 1978, in a State which does not conduct pari- mutuel horseracing on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978].’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 95–515, § 1, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1811, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Interstate Horseracing Act of 1978’.’’ § 3002. Definitions For the purposes of this chapter the term— (1) ‘‘person’’ means any individual, associa- tion, partnership, joint venture, corporation, State or political subdivision thereof, depart- ment, agency, or instrumentality of a State or political subdivision thereof, or any other or- ganization or entity; (2) ‘‘State’’ means each State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States; (3) ‘‘interstate off-track wager’’ means a legal wager placed or accepted in one State with respect to the outcome of a horserace taking place in another State and includes pari-mutuel wagers, where lawful in each State involved, placed or transmitted by an individual in one State via telephone or other electronic media and accepted by an off-track betting system in the same or another State, as well as the combination of any pari-mutuel wagering pools; (4) ‘‘on-track wager’’ means a wager with re- spect to the outcome of a horserace which is placed at the racetrack at which such horse- race takes place; (5) ‘‘host State’’ means the State in which the horserace subject to the interstate wager takes place; (6) ‘‘off-track State’’ means the State in which an interstate off-track wager is accept- ed; (7) ‘‘off-track betting system’’ means any group which is in the business of accepting wa- gers on horseraces at locations other than the place where the horserace is run, which busi- ness is conducted by the State or licensed or otherwise permitted by State law; (8) ‘‘off-track betting office’’ means any lo- cation within an off-track State at which off- track wagers are accepted; (9) ‘‘host racing association’’ means any per- son who, pursuant to a license or other per- mission granted by the host State, conducts the horserace subject to the interstate wager; (10) ‘‘host racing commission’’ means that person designated by State statute or, in the absence of statute, by regulation, with juris- diction to regulate the conduct of racing with- in the host State; (11) ‘‘off-track racing commission’’ means that person designated by State statute or, in the absence of statute, by regulation, with ju- risdiction to regulate off-track betting in that State; (12) ‘‘horsemen’s group’’ means, with ref- erence to the applicable host racing associa- tion, the group which represents the majority of owners and trainers racing there, for the races subject to the interstate off-track wager on any racing day; (13) ‘‘parimutuel’’ means any system where- by wagers with respect to the outcome of a horserace are placed with, or in, a wagering pool conducted by a person licensed or other- wise permitted to do so under State law, and in which the participants are wagering with each other and not against the operator; (14) ‘‘currently operating tracks’’ means rac- ing associations conducting parimutuel horse- racing at the same time of day (afternoon against afternoon; nighttime against night- time) as the racing association conducting the horseracing which is the subject of the inter- state off-track wager; (15) ‘‘race meeting’’ means those scheduled days during the year a racing association is granted permission by the appropriate State racing commission to conduct horseracing; (16) ‘‘racing day’’ means a full program of races at a specified racing association on a specified day; (17) ‘‘special event’’ means the specific indi- vidual horserace which is deemed by the off- track betting system to be of sufficient na- tional significance and interest to warrant interstate off-track wagering on that event or events; (18) ‘‘dark days’’ means those days when rac- ing of the same type does not occur in an off- track State within 60 miles of an off-track bet- ting office during a race meeting, including, but not limited to, a dark weekday when such racing association or associations run on Sun- day, and days when a racing program is sched- uled but does not take place, or cannot be completed due to weather, strikes and other factors not within the control of the off-track betting system; (19) ‘‘year’’ means calendar year; (20) ‘‘takeout’’ means that portion of a wager which is deducted from or not included in the parimutuel pool, and which is distrib- uted to persons other than those placing wa- gers; (21) ‘‘regular contractual process’’ means those negotiations by which the applicable horsemen’s group and host racing association reach agreements on issues regarding the con- duct of horseracing by the horsemen’s group at that racing association; (22) ‘‘terms and conditions’’ includes, but is not limited to, the percentage which is paid by the off-track betting system to the host racing association, the percentage which is paid by the host racing association to the horsemen’s group, as well as any arrangements as to the exclusivity between the host racing associa- tion and the off-track betting system. (Pub. L. 95–515, § 3, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1811; Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title VI, § 629], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–108.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2000—Par. (3). Pub. L. 106–553 inserted ‘‘and includes pari-mutuel wagers, where lawful in each State in- volved, placed or transmitted by an individual in one State via telephone or other electronic media and ac- cepted by an off-track betting system in the same or another State, as well as the combination of any pari- mutuel wagering pools’’ after ‘‘another State’’.