42 U.S.C. § 2113 — Ownership and custody of certain byprod-

Page 5416 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2113 (c) Distributor’s license The Commission is authorized to license oth- ers to distribute byproduct material to any per- son outside the United States under the same conditions, except as to charges, as would be ap- plicable if the material were distributed by the Commission. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 82, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 935; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.) § 2113. Ownership and custody of certain byprod- uct material and disposal sites (a) Specific assurances in license for pretermination actions Any license issued or renewed after the effec- tive date of this section under section 2092 or section 2111 of this title for any activity which results in the production of any byproduct ma- terial, as defined in section 2014(e)(2) of this title, shall contain such terms and conditions as the Commission determines to be necessary to assure that, prior to termination of such li- cense— (1) the licensee will comply with decon- tamination, decommissioning, and reclama- tion standards prescribed by the Commission for sites (A) at which ores were processed pri- marily for their source material content and (B) at which such byproduct material is depos- ited, and (2) ownership of any byproduct material, as defined in section 2014(e)(2) of this title, which resulted from such licensed activity shall be transferred to (A) the United States or (B) in the State in which such activity occurred if such State exercises the option under sub- section (b)(1) to acquire land used for the dis- posal of byproduct material. Any license which is in effect on the effective date of this section and which is subsequently terminated without renewal shall comply with paragraphs (1) and (2) upon termination. (b) Transfer of title; health and environmental protection through maintenance of property and materials; use of surface or subsurface estates: first refusal rights of transferor; maintenance, monitoring, and emergency measures and other authorized action; li- censee-transferor liability for fraud or neg- ligence; administrative and legal costs limita- tion; government retransfers under section 7914(h) of this title (1)(A) The Commission shall require by rule, regulation, or order that prior to the termi- nation of any license which is issued after the effective date of this section, title to the land, including any interests therein (other than land owned by the United States or by a State) which is used for the disposal of any byproduct mate- rial, as defined by section 2014(e)(2) of this title, pursuant to such license shall be transferred to— (i) the United States, or (ii) the State in which such land is located, at the option of such State, unless the Commission determines prior to such termination that transfer of title to such land and such byproduct material is not necessary or desirable to protect the public health, safety, or welfare or to minimize or eliminate danger to life or property. Such determination shall be made in accordance with section 2231 of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any such determination, such property and materials shall be maintained pursuant to a license issued by the Commission pursuant to section 2111 of this title in such manner as will protect the public health, safety, and the envi- ronment. (B) If the Commission determines by order that use of the surface or subsurface estates, or both, of the land transferred to the United States or to a State under subparagraph (A) would not endanger the public health, safety, welfare, or environment, the Commission, pur- suant to such regulations as it may prescribe, shall permit the use of the surface or subsurface estates, or both, of such land in a manner con- sistent with the provisions of this section. If the Commission permits such use of such land, it shall provide the person who transferred such land with the right of first refusal with respect to such use of such land. (2) If transfer to the United States of title to such byproduct material and such land is re- quired under this section, the Secretary of En- ergy or any Federal agency designated by the President shall, following the Commission’s de- termination of compliance under subsection (c), assume title and custody of such byproduct ma- terial and land transferred as provided in this subsection. Such Secretary or Federal agency shall maintain such material and land in such manner as will protect the public health and safety and the environment. Such custody may be transferred to another officer or instrumen- tality of the United States only upon approval of the President. (3) If transfer to a State of title to such by- product material is required in accordance with this subsection, such State shall, following the Commission’s determination of compliance under subsection (d), assume title and custody of such byproduct material and land transferred as provided in this subsection. Such State shall maintain such material and land in such manner as will protect the public health, safety, and the environment. (4) In the case of any such license under sec- tion 2092 of this title, which was in effect on the effective date of this section, the Commission may require, before the termination of such li- cense, such transfer of land and interests therein (as described in paragraph (1) of this subsection) to the United States or a State in which such land is located, at the option of such State, as may be necessary to protect the public health, welfare, and the environment from any effects associated with such byproduct material. In ex- ercising the authority of this paragraph, the Commission shall take into consideration the status of the ownership of such land and inter- ests therein and the ability of the licensee to transfer title and custody thereof to the United States or a State. (5) The Commission may, pursuant to a li- cense, or by rule or order, require the Secretary or other Federal agency or State having custody Page 5417 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2114 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘of’’. 1 So in original. of such property and materials to undertake such monitoring, maintenance, and emergency measures as are necessary to protect the public health and safety and such other actions as the Commission deems necessary to comply with the standards promulgated pursuant to section 2114 of this title. The Secretary or such other Federal agency is authorized to carry out main- tenance, monitoring, and emergency measures, but shall take no other action pursuant to such license, rule or order, with respect to such prop- erty and materials unless expressly authorized by Congress after November 8, 1978. (6) The transfer of title to land or byproduct materials, as defined in section 2014(e)(2) of this title, to a State or the United States pursuant to this subsection shall not relieve any licensee of liability for any fraudulent or negligent acts done prior to such transfer. (7) Material and land transferred to the United States or a State in accordance with this sub- section shall be transferred without cost to the United States or a State (other than administra- tive and legal costs incurred in carrying out such transfer). Subject to the provisions of para- graph (1)(B) of this subsection, the United States or a State shall not transfer title to ma- terial or property acquired under this subsection to any person, unless such transfer is in the same manner as provided under section 7914(h) of this title. (8) The provisions of this subsection respecting transfer of title and custody to land shall not apply in the case of lands held in trust by the United States for any Indian tribe or lands owned by such Indian tribe subject to a restric- tion against alienation imposed by the United States. In the case of such lands which are used for the disposal of byproduct material, as de- fined in section 2014(e)(2) of this title, the li- censee shall be required to enter into such ar- rangements with the Commission as may be ap- propriate to assure the long-term maintenance and monitoring of such lands by the United States. (c) Compliance with applicable standards and li- cense requirements; determination upon ter- mination of license Upon termination on 1 any license to which this section applies, the Commission shall deter- mine whether or not the licensee has complied with all applicable standards and requirements under such license. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 83, as added Pub. L. 95–604, title II, § 202(a), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3033; amended Pub. L. 96–106, § 22(c), (e), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 800; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Effective date of this section, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1)(A), (4), is three years after Nov. 8, 1978, see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 95–604, set out as an Effective Date note below. AMENDMENTS 1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–106, § 22(c), substituted ‘‘Any license which is in effect on the effective date of this section and which is subsequently terminated without renewal shall comply with paragraphs (1) and (2) upon termination’’ for ‘‘Any license in effect on No- vember 8, 1978, shall either contain such terms and con- ditions on renewal thereof after the effective date of this section, or comply with paragraphs (1) and (2) upon the termination of such license, whichever first oc- curs’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–106, § 22(e), among other changes, substituted reference to section 2111 of this title for reference to section 2114(b) of this title. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 95–604, title II, § 202(b), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3036, provided that: ‘‘This section [enacting this sec- tion] shall be effective three years after the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1978].’’ CONSOLIDATION OF LICENSES AND PROCEDURES Pub. L. 95–604, title II, § 209, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3041, provided that: ‘‘The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall consolidate, to the maximum extent practicable, licenses and licensing procedures under amendments made by this title [see Effective Date of 1978 Amend- ment note set out under section 2014 of this title] with licenses and licensing procedures under other authori- ties contained in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [this chapter].’’ [Provision effective Nov. 8, 1978, see section 208 of Pub. L. 95–604, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2014 of this title]. § 2114. Authorities of Commission respecting cer- tain byproduct material (a) Management function The Commission shall insure that the manage- ment of any byproduct material, as defined in section 2014(e)(2) of this title, is carried out in such manner as— (1) the Commission deems appropriate to protect the public health and safety and the environment from radiological and non-radio- logical hazards associated with the processing and with the possession and transfer of such material, taking into account the risk to the public health, safety, and the environment, with due consideration of the economic costs and such other factors as the Commission de- termines to be appropriate,,1 (2) conforms with applicable general stand- ards promulgated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under sec- tion 2022 of this title, and (3) conforms to general requirements estab- lished by the Commission, with the concur- rence of the Administrator, which are, to the maximum extent practicable, at least com- parable to requirements applicable to the pos- session, transfer, and disposal of similar haz- ardous material regulated by the Adminis- trator under the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.]. (b) Rules, regulations, or orders for certain ac- tivities; civil penalty In carrying out its authority under this sec- tion, the Commission is authorized to—