21 U.S.C. § 1705 — Development, submission, implementa-

Page 973 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1705 which was formerly classified principally to chapter 15 (§ 401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in Title 50, and is now classified principally to chapter 44 (§ 3001 et seq.) of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. AMENDMENTS 2019—Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(1), substituted ‘‘National Drug Control Program agency’’ for ‘‘National Drug Control Program Agency’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(6)(A), substituted ‘‘than every’’ for ‘‘that every’’. Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(6)(B)(i)(I), substituted ‘‘grant; and’’ for ‘‘grant;’’. Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(6)(B)(i)(II), in- serted ‘‘that may impede applicants’’ after ‘‘barriers’’ and struck out ‘‘impediments that applicants currently have in the grant application process with applicable agencies’’ before period at end. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(6)(B)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘Drug Control Program’’ for ‘‘Drug Control’’ in heading. 2018—Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(b)(2), repealed Pub. L. 105–277, § 715. See 1998 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(a), revived and restored this sec- tion as in effect on Sept. 29, 2003, and as amended by Pub. L. 109–469 and Pub. L. 112–166. See Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control Policy note set out under section 1701 of this title. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–271, § 8217(g)(1), amended sub- sec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as fol- lows: ‘‘The Director shall— ‘‘(A) require the National Drug Control Program agencies to submit to the Director not later than February 1 of each year a detailed accounting of all funds expended by the agencies for National Drug Control Program activities during the previous fiscal year, and require such accounting to be authenti- cated by the Inspector General for each agency prior to submission to the Director; and ‘‘(B) submit to Congress not later than April 1 of each year the information submitted to the Director under subparagraph (A).’’ Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–271, § 8207, added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–271, § 8217(g)(2), added subsec. (f). 2006—Pub. L. 109–469, § 602, amended Pub. L. 105–277, § 715, which provided for the repeal of this section. See 1998 Amendment note below. Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(1), struck out ‘‘abuse’’ after ‘‘drug’’. Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(2), substituted ‘‘Director of National Intelligence’’ for ‘‘Director of Central Intelligence’’. Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(3), substituted ‘‘Director of National Intelligence and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency’’ for ‘‘Director of Cen- tral Intelligence’’. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(4), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Secretary of Agriculture shall annually submit to the Director an assessment of the acreage of illegal drug cultivation in the United States.’’ Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(5), substituted ‘‘Strategy’’ for ‘‘Program’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–469, § 104(6), substituted ‘‘on’’ for ‘‘in’’. 1998—Pub. L. 105–277, § 715, as amended by Pub. L. 109–469, § 602, which provided for the repeal of this sec- tion effective Sept. 30, 2010, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(b)(2). See former section 1712 of this title. § 1705. Development, submission, implementa- tion, and assessment of National Drug Con- trol Strategy (a) In general (1) Statement of drug policy priorities The Director shall release a statement of drug control policy priorities in the calendar year of a Presidential inauguration following the inauguration, but not later than April 1. (2) National Drug Control Strategy submitted by the President Not later than the first Monday in February following the year in which the term of the President commences, and every 2 years there- after, the President shall submit to Congress a National Drug Control Strategy. (b) Development of the National Drug Control Strategy (1) Promulgation The Director shall promulgate the National Drug Control Strategy, which shall set forth a comprehensive plan to reduce illicit drug use and the consequences of such illicit drug use in the United States by limiting the avail- ability of and reducing the demand for illegal drugs and promoting prevention, early inter- vention, treatment, and recovery support for individuals with substance use disorders. (2) State and local commitment The Director shall seek the support and commitment of State, local, and Tribal offi- cials in the formulation and implementation of the National Drug Control Strategy. (3) Strategy based on evidence The Director shall ensure the National Drug Control Strategy is based on the best available evidence regarding the policies that are most effective in reducing the demand for and sup- ply of illegal drugs. (4) Process for development and submission of National Drug Control Strategy In developing and effectively implementing the National Drug Control Strategy, the Di- rector— (A) shall consult with— (i) the heads of the National Drug Con- trol Program agencies; (ii) each Coordinator listed in section 1703 of this title; (iii) the Interdiction Committee and the Emerging Threats Committee; (iv) the appropriate congressional com- mittees and any other committee of juris- diction; (v) State, local, and Tribal officials; (vi) private citizens and organizations, including community and faith-based or- ganizations, with experience and expertise in demand reduction; (vii) private citizens and organizations with experience and expertise in supply re- duction; and (viii) appropriate representatives of for- eign governments; and (B) in satisfying the requirements of sub- paragraph (A), shall ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that State, local, and Tribal officials and relevant private organizations commit to support and take steps to achieve the goals and objectives of the National Drug Control Strategy. Page 974 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1705 (c) Contents of the National Drug Control Strat- egy (1) In general The National Drug Control Strategy sub- mitted under subsection (a)(2) shall include the following: (A) A mission statement detailing the major functions of the National Drug Con- trol Program. (B) Comprehensive, research-based, long- range, quantifiable goals for reducing illicit drug use, and the consequences of illicit drug use in the United States. (C) Annual quantifiable and measurable objectives and specific targets to accomplish long-term quantifiable goals that the Direc- tor determines may be achieved during each year beginning on the date on which the Na- tional Drug Control Strategy is submitted. (D) A 5-year projection for the National Drug Control Program and budget priorities. (E) A review of international, State, local, and private sector drug control activities to ensure that the United States pursues co- ordinated and effective drug control at all levels of government. (F) A description of how each goal estab- lished under subparagraph (B) will be achieved, including for each goal— (i) a list of each relevant National Drug Control Program agency and each such agency’s related programs, activities, and available assets and the role of each such program, activity, and asset in achieving such goal; (ii) a list of relevant stakeholders and each such stakeholder’s role in achieving such goal; (iii) an estimate of Federal funding and other resources needed to achieve such goal; (iv) a list of each existing or new coordi- nating mechanism needed to achieve such goal; and (v) a description of the Office’s role in fa- cilitating the achievement of such goal. (G) For each year covered by the Strategy, a performance evaluation plan for each goal established under subparagraph (B) for each National Drug Control Program agency, in- cluding— (i) specific performance measures for each National Drug Control Program agen- cy; (ii) annual and, to the extent prac- ticable, quarterly objectives and targets for each performance measure; and (iii) an estimate of Federal funding and other resources needed to achieve each performance objective and target. (H) A list identifying existing data sources or a description of data collection needed to evaluate performance, including a descrip- tion of how the Director will obtain such data. (I) A list of any anticipated challenges to achieving the National Drug Control Strat- egy goals and planned actions to address such challenges. (J) A description of how each goal estab- lished under subparagraph (B) was deter- mined, including— (i) a description of each required con- sultation and a description of how such consultation was incorporated; and (ii) data, research, or other information used to inform the determination to estab- lish the goal. (K) A description of the current prevalence of illicit drug use in the United States, in- cluding both the availability of illicit drugs and the prevalence of substance use dis- orders. (L) Such other statistical data and infor- mation as the Director considers appropriate to demonstrate and assess trends relating to illicit drug use, the effects and consequences of illicit drug use (including the effects on children), supply reduction, demand reduc- tion, drug-related law enforcement, and the implementation of the National Drug Con- trol Strategy. (M) A systematic plan for increasing data collection to enable real time surveillance of drug control threats, developing analysis and monitoring capabilities, and identifying and addressing policy questions related to the National Drug Control Strategy and Pro- gram, which shall include— (i) a list of policy-relevant questions for which the Director and each National Drug Control Program agency intends to de- velop evidence to support the National Drug Control Program and Strategy; (ii) a list of data the Director and each National Drug Control Program agency in- tends to collect, use, or acquire to facili- tate the use of evidence in drug control policymaking and monitoring; (iii) a list of methods and analytical ap- proaches that may be used to develop evi- dence to support the National Drug Con- trol Program and Strategy and related pol- icy; (iv) a list of any challenges to developing evidence to support policymaking, includ- ing any barriers to accessing, collecting, or using relevant data; (v) a description of the steps the Direc- tor and the head of each National Drug Control Program agency will take to effec- tuate the plan; and (vi) any other relevant information as determined by the Director. (N) A plan to expand treatment of sub- stance use disorders, which shall— (i) identify unmet needs for treatment for substance use disorders and a strategy for closing the gap between available and needed treatment; (ii) describe the specific roles and re- sponsibilities of the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies for imple- menting the plan; (iii) identify the specific resources re- quired to enable the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies to imple- ment that strategy; and (iv) identify the resources, including pri- vate sources, required to eliminate the Page 975 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1705 1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. unmet need for evidence-based substance use disorder treatment. (2) Consultation In developing the plan required under para- graph (1)(M), the Director shall consult with the following: (A) The public. (B) Any evaluation or analysis units and personnel of the Office. (C) Office officials responsible for imple- menting privacy policy. (D) Office officials responsible for data governance. (E) The appropriate congressional commit- tees. (F) Any other individual or entity as de- termined by the Director. (3) Additional strategies (A) In general The Director shall include in the National Drug Control Strategy the additional strate- gies described under this paragraph and shall comply with the following: (i) Provide a copy of the additional strat- egies to the appropriate congressional committees and to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Rep- resentatives, and the Committee on Home- land Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. (ii) Issue the additional strategies in consultation with the head of each rel- evant National Drug Control Program agency, any relevant official of a State, local, or Tribal government, and the gov- ernment of other relevant countries. (iii) Not change any existing agency au- thority or construe any strategy described under this paragraph to amend or modify any law governing interagency relation- ship but may include recommendations about changes to such authority or law. (iv) Present separately from the rest of any strategy described under this para- graph any information classified under cri- teria established by an Executive order, or whose public disclosure, as determined by the Director or the head of any relevant National Drug Control Program agency, would be detrimental to the law enforce- ment or national security activities of any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency. (B) Requirement for Southwest Border Coun- ternarcotics Strategy (i) Purposes The Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy shall— (I) set forth the Government’s strategy for preventing the illegal trafficking of drugs across the international border be- tween the United States and Mexico, in- cluding through ports of entry and be- tween ports of entry on that border; (II) state the specific roles and respon- sibilities of the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies for imple- menting that strategy; and (III) identify the specific resources re- quired to enable the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies to im- plement that strategy. (ii) Specific content related to drug tunnels between the United States and Mexico The Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy shall include— (I) a strategy to end the construction and use of tunnels and subterranean pas- sages that cross the international border between the United States and Mexico for the purpose of illegal trafficking of drugs across such border; and (II) recommendations for criminal pen- alties for persons who construct or use such a tunnel or subterranean passage for such a purpose. (C) Requirement for Northern Border Coun- ternarcotics Strategy (i) Purposes The Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy shall— (I) set forth the strategy of the Federal Government for preventing the illegal trafficking of drugs across the inter- national border between the United States and Canada, including through ports of entry and between ports of entry on the border; (II) state the specific roles and respon- sibilities of each relevant National Drug Control Program agency for imple- menting the strategy; (III) identify the specific resources re- quired to enable the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies to im- plement the strategy; (IV) be designed to promote, and not hinder, legitimate trade and travel; and (V) reflect the unique nature of small communities along the international border between the United States and Canada, ongoing cooperation and coordi- nation with Canadian law,1 enforcement authorities, and variations in the vol- umes of vehicles and pedestrians cross- ing through ports of entry along the international border between the United States and Canada. (ii) Specific content related to cross-border Indian reservations The Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy shall include— (I) a strategy to end the illegal traf- ficking of drugs to or through Indian res- ervations on or near the international border between the United States and Canada; and (II) recommendations for additional as- sistance, if any, needed by Tribal law en- forcement agencies relating to the strat- egy, including an evaluation of Federal technical and financial assistance, infra- structure capacity building, and inter- operability deficiencies. Page 976 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1705 2 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘and’’. (4) Classified information Any contents of the National Drug Control Strategy that involve information properly classified under criteria established by an Ex- ecutive order shall be presented to Congress separately from the rest of the National Drug Control Strategy. (5) Selection of data and information In selecting data and information for inclu- sion in the Strategy, the Director shall en- sure— (A) the inclusion of data and information that will permit analysis of current trends against previously compiled data and infor- mation where the Director believes such analysis enhances long-term assessment of the National Drug Control Strategy; and (B) the inclusion of data and information to permit a standardized and uniform assess- ment of the effectiveness of drug treatment programs in the United States. (d) Submission of revised Strategy The President may submit to Congress a re- vised National Drug Control Strategy that meets the requirements of this section— (1) at any time, upon a determination of the President, in consultation with the Director, that the National Drug Control Strategy in ef- fect is not sufficiently effective; or (2) if a new President or Director takes of- fice. (e) Failure of Director to Submit National Drug Control Strategy If the Director does not submit a National Drug Control Strategy to Congress in accord- ance with subsection (a)(2), not later than five days after the first Monday in February fol- lowing the year in which the term of the Presi- dent commences, the Director shall send a noti- fication to the appropriate congressional com- mittees— (1) explaining why the Strategy was not sub- mitted; and (2) specifying the date by which the Strategy will be submitted. (f) Drug Control Data Dashboard (1) In general The Director shall collect and disseminate, as appropriate, such information as the Direc- tor determines is appropriate, but not less than the information described in this sub- section. The data shall be publicly available in a machine-readable format on the online por- tal of the Office, and to the extent practicable on the Drug Control Data Dashboard. (2) Establishment The Director shall publish to the online por- tal of the Office in a machine-readable, sort- able, and searchable format, or to the extent practicable, establish and maintain a data dashboard on the online portal of the Office to be known as the ‘‘Drug Control Data Dash- board’’. To the extent practicable, when estab- lishing the Drug Control Dashboard, the Direc- tor shall ensure the user interface of the dash- board is constructed with modern design standards. To the extent practicable, the data made available on the dashboard shall be pub- licly available in a machine-readable format and searchable by year, agency, drug, and lo- cation. (3) Data The data included in the Drug Control Data Dashboard shall be updated quarterly to the extent practicable, but not less frequently than annually and shall include, at a min- imum, the following: (A) For each substance identified by the Director as having a significant impact on the prevalence of illicit drug use— (i) data sufficient to show the quantities of such substance available in the United States, including— (I) the total amount seized and dis- rupted in the calendar year and each of the previous 3 calendar years, including to the extent practicable the amount seized by State, local, and Tribal govern- ments; (II) the known and estimated flows into the United States from all sources in the calendar year and each of the pre- vious 3 calendar years; (III) the total amount of known flows that could not be interdicted or dis- rupted in the calendar year and each of the previous 3 calendar years; (IV) the known and estimated levels of domestic production in the calendar year and each of the previous three calendar years, including the levels of domestic production if the drug is a prescription drug, as determined under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], for which a listing is in ef- fect under section 812 of this title; (V) the average street price for the cal- endar year and the highest known street price during the preceding 10-year pe- riod; and (VI) to the extent practicable, related prosecutions by State, local, and Tribal governments; 2 (ii) data sufficient to show the frequency of use of such substance, including— (I) use of such substance in the work- place and productivity lost by such use; (II) use of such substance by arrestees, probationers, and parolees; (III) crime and criminal activity re- lated to such substance; and (IV) to the extent practicable, related prosecutions by State, local, and Tribal governments. (B) For the calendar year and each of the previous three years data sufficient to show, disaggregated by State and, to the extent feasible, by region within a State, county, or city, the following: (i) The number of fatal and non-fatal overdoses caused by each drug identified under subparagraph (A)(i). (ii) The prevalence of substance use dis- orders. Page 977 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1705 3 So in original. (iii) The number of individuals who have received substance use disorder treatment, including medication assisted treatment, for a substance use disorder, including treatment provided through publicly-fi- nanced health care programs. (iv) The extent of the unmet need for substance use disorder treatment, includ- ing the unmet need for medication-as- sisted treatment. (C) Data sufficient to show the extent of prescription drug diversion, trafficking, and misuse in the calendar year and each of the previous 3 calendar years. (D) Any quantifiable measures the Direc- tor determines to be appropriate to detail progress toward the achievement of the goals of the National Drug Control Strategy. (g) Development of an annual national drug con- trol assessment (1) Timing Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Director shall submit to the President, Congress, and the appropriate con- gressional committees, a report assessing the progress of each National Drug Control Pro- gram agency toward achieving each goal, ob- jective, and target contained in the National Drug Control Strategy applicable to the prior fiscal year. (2) Process for development of the annual as- sessment Not later than November 1 of each year, the head of each National Drug Control Program agency shall submit, in accordance with guid- ance issued by the Director, to the Director an evaluation of progress by the agency with re- spect to the National Drug Control Strategy goals using the performance measures for the agency developed under this chapter, includ- ing progress with respect to— (A) success in achieving the goals of the National Drug Control Strategy; (B) success in reducing domestic and for- eign sources of illegal drugs; (C) success in expanding access to and in- creasing the effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment; (D) success in protecting the borders of the United States (and in particular the South- western border of the United States) from penetration by illegal narcotics; (E) success in reducing crime associated with drug use in the United States; (F) success in reducing the negative health and social consequences of drug use in the United States; (G) implementation of evidence-based sub- stance use disorder treatment and preven- tion programs in the United States and im- provements in the adequacy and effective- ness of such programs; and (H) success in increasing the prevention of illicit drug use. (3) Contents of the annual assessment The Director shall include in the annual as- sessment required under paragraph (1)— (A) a summary of each evaluation received by the Director under paragraph (2); (B) a summary of the progress of each Na- tional Drug Control Program agency toward the National Drug Control Strategy goals of the agency using the performance measures for the agency developed under this chapter; (C) an assessment of the effectiveness of each National Drug Control Program agency and program in achieving the National Drug Control Strategy for the previous year, in- cluding a specific evaluation of whether the applicable goals, measures, objectives, and targets for the previous year were met; and (D) the assessments required under this subsection shall be based on the Perform- ance Measurement System.3 (h) Performance measurement system Not later than February 1 of each year, the Di- rector shall submit to Congress as part of the National Drug Control Strategy, a description of a national drug control performance measure- ment system, that— (1) develops 2-year and 5-year performance measures and targets for each National Drug Control Strategy goal and objective estab- lished for reducing drug use, availability, and the consequences of drug use; (2) describes the sources of information and data that will be used for each performance measure incorporated into the performance measurement system; (3) identifies major programs and activities of the National Drug Control Program agen- cies that support the goals and annual objec- tives of the National Drug Control Strategy; (4) evaluates the contribution of demand re- duction and supply reduction activities as de- fined in section 1701 of this title implemented by each National Drug Control Program agen- cy in support of the National Drug Control Strategy; (5) monitors consistency between the drug- related goals and objectives of the National Drug Control Program agencies and ensures that each agency’s goals and budgets support and are fully consistent with the National Drug Control Strategy; (6) coordinates the development and imple- mentation of national drug control data col- lection and reporting systems to support pol- icy formulation and performance measure- ment, including an assessment of— (A) the quality of current drug use meas- urement instruments and techniques to measure supply reduction and demand re- duction activities; (B) the adequacy of the coverage of exist- ing national drug use measurement instru- ments and techniques to measure the illicit drug user population, and groups that are at risk for illicit drug use; (C) the adequacy of the coverage of exist- ing national treatment outcome monitoring systems to measure the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment in reducing illicit drug use and criminal behavior during and after the completion of substance abuse treatment; and (D) the actions the Director shall take to correct any deficiencies and limitations Page 978 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1706 4 Probably should be ‘‘(h)’’. 5 Probably should be ‘‘(d)’’. identified pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this subsection; and (7) develops performance measures and tar- gets for the National Drug Control Strategy for supplemental strategies (the Southwest Border, Northern Border, and Caribbean Bor- der Counternarcotics Strategies) to effectively evaluate region-specific goals, to the extent the performance measurement system does not adequately measure the effectiveness of the strategies, as determined by the Director, such strategies may evaluate interdiction ef- forts at and between ports of entry, interdic- tion technology, intelligence sharing, diplo- macy, and other appropriate metrics, specific to each supplemental strategies region, as de- termined by the Director. (i) Modifications A description of any modifications made dur- ing the preceding year to the national drug per- formance measurement system described in sub- section (c) 4 shall be included in each report sub- mitted under subsection (b).5 (Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title VII, §§ 706, 715, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–681, 2681–693; Pub. L. 109–469, title II, §§ 201, 202, title VI, § 602, Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3513, 3517, 3533; Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, §§ 8202(a), (b)(2), 8221(a), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4110, 4134; Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(1), (2), (c)(1)(B), (d), Nov. 27, 2019, 133 Stat. 1155, 1158; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, § 5302, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3249.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(3)(A)(i)(IV), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsec. (g)(2), (3)(B), was in the original ‘‘this title’’, meaning title VII of div. C of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–670, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title VII to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (h)(7). Pub. L. 117–263 added par. (7). 2019—Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(c)(1)(B), amended directory language of Pub. L. 115–271, § 8221(a). See 2018 Amend- ment note below. Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(2), substituted ‘‘National Drug Control Program agencies’’ for ‘‘National Drug Control Program Agencies’’ wherever appearing. Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(a)(1), substituted ‘‘National Drug Control Program agency’’ for ‘‘National Drug Control Program Agency’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (c)(1)(N)(ii). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(1)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘Program agencies’’ for ‘‘Programs’’. Subsec. (c)(1)(N)(iii). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(1)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘Program agencies’’ for ‘‘Agencies’’. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(2), substituted ‘‘paragraph (1)(M)’’ for ‘‘paragraph (1)’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(3)(A), substituted ‘‘Office’’ for ‘‘office’’. Subsec. (f)(3)(A)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(3)(B)(i), substituted ‘‘substance; and’’ for ‘‘substance;’’. Subsec. (f)(3)(A)(ii)(IV). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(3)(B)(ii), substituted ‘‘governments.’’ for ‘‘governments;’’. Subsec. (g)(3)(B). Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(d)(4), made tech- nical amendment to reference in original act which ap- pears in text as reference to this chapter. 2018—Pub. L. 115–271, § 8221(a), as amended by Pub. L. 116–74, § 2(c)(1)(B)(ii), added subsecs. (a) to (g), redesig- nated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (h) and (i), respec- tively, and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to submission of the National Drug Control Strategy and submission of a revised strategy. Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(b)(2), repealed Pub. L. 105–277, § 715. See 1998 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(a), revived and restored this sec- tion as in effect on Sept. 29, 2003, and as amended by Pub. L. 109–469 and Pub. L. 112–166. See Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control Policy note set out under section 1701 of this title. 2006—Pub. L. 109–469, § 602, amended Pub. L. 105–277, § 715, which provided for the repeal of this section. See 1998 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 109–469, § 201, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to development, submission, implementation, and assessment of Na- tional Drug Control Strategy. Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 109–469, § 202, added subsecs. (c) and (d). 1998—Pub. L. 105–277, § 715, as amended by Pub. L. 109–469, § 602, which provided for the repeal of this sec- tion effective Sept. 30, 2010, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–271, § 8202(b)(2). See former section 1712 of this title. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 2(c)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 116–74 ef- fective as if included in the enactment of subtitle K of title VIII of Pub. L. 115–271, see section 2(c)(2) of Pub. L. 116–74, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title. REQUIREMENT FOR SOUTHWEST BORDER COUNTERNARCOTICS STRATEGY Pub. L. 109–469, title XI, § 1110, Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3543, which directed the Director of National Drug Con- trol Policy to submit to Congress every two years a Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy, was re- pealed by Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8221(b)(2), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4142. See subsection (c)(3)(B) of this sec- tion. REQUIREMENT FOR NORTHERN BORDER COUNTERNARCOTICS STRATEGY Pub. L. 109–469, title XI, § 1110A, as added by Pub. L. 111–356, § 2, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3976, which directed the Director of National Drug Control Policy to de- velop, in consultation with the head of each relevant National Drug Control Program Agency, and to submit to Congress every two years, a Northern Border Coun- ternarcotics Strategy, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8221(b)(2), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4142. See subsection (c)(3)(C) of this section. § 1706. High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas Program (a) Establishment (1) In general There is established in the Office a program to be known as the High Intensity Drug Traf- ficking Areas Program (in this section re- ferred to as the ‘‘Program’’). (2) Purpose The purpose of the Program is to reduce drug trafficking and drug production in the United States by—