31 U.S.C. § 1343 — Buying and leasing passenger motor vehi-

Page 176 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE § 1343 Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1996—Pub. L. 104–92 temporarily amended section by inserting ‘‘All officers and employees of the United States Government or the District of Columbia govern- ment shall be deemed to be performing services relat- ing to emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property.’’ after first sentence and by striking out at end ‘‘As used in this section, the term ‘emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property’ does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property’’. See Effec- tive and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendment note below. 1990—Pub. L. 101–508 inserted at end ‘‘As used in this section, the term ‘emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property’ does not in- clude ongoing, regular functions of government the sus- pension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–92, title III, § 310(a), Jan. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 20, provided that the amendment made by that section is for the period Dec. 15, 1995, through Jan. 26, 1996. § 1343. Buying and leasing passenger motor vehi- cles and aircraft (a) In this section, buying a passenger motor vehicle or aircraft includes a transfer of the ve- hicle or aircraft between agencies. (b) An appropriation may be expended to buy or lease passenger motor vehicles only— (1) for the use of— (A) the President; (B) the secretaries to the President; or (C) the heads of executive departments listed in section 101 of title 5; or (2) as specifically provided by law. (c)(1) Except as specifically provided by law, an agency may use an appropriation to buy a passenger motor vehicle (except a bus or ambu- lance) only at a total cost (except costs required only for transportation) that— (A) includes the price of systems and equip- ment the Administrator of General Services decides is incorporated customarily in stand- ard passenger motor vehicles completely equipped for ordinary operation; (B) includes the value of a vehicle used in ex- change; (C) is not more than the maximum price es- tablished by the agency having authority under law to establish a maximum price; and (D) is not more than the amount specified in a law. (2) Additional systems and equipment may be bought for a passenger motor vehicle if the Ad- ministrator decides the purchase is appropriate. The price of additional systems or equipment is not included in deciding whether the cost of the vehicle is within a maximum price specified in a law. (d) An appropriation (except an appropriation for the armed forces) is available to buy, main- tain, or operate an aircraft only if the appro- priation specifically authorizes the purchase, maintenance, or operation. (e) This section does not apply to— (1) buying, maintaining, and repairing pas- senger motor vehicles by the United States Capitol Police; (2) buying, maintaining, and repairing vehi- cles necessary to carry out projects to im- prove, preserve, and protect rivers and har- bors; or (3) leasing, maintaining, repairing, or oper- ating motor passenger vehicles necessary in the field work of the Department of Agri- culture. (Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 924.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 1343(a) ..... 31:638a(e). July 16, 1914, ch. 141, § 5(a), (b), (e), 38 Stat. 508; restated Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 16(a), 60 Stat. 810, 811. 1343(b) ..... 31:638a(a). 1343(c) ..... 31:638a(c)(1). July 16, 1914, ch. 141, § 5(c)(1), 38 Stat. 508; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 16(a), 60 Stat. 810; re- stated Sept. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–423, 84 Stat. 879. 1343(d) ..... 31:638a(b). 1343(e) ..... 31:638a–1. July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94–59, § 1108, 89 Stat. 300. 31:638d. Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 142, § 10, 38 Stat. 1054. 31:638e. Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313(last pro- viso on p. 491), 39 Stat. 491. In subsection (a), the word ‘‘agency’’ is substituted for ‘‘department of the Government’’ because of section 101 of the revised title and for consistency with the other source provisions restated in the section. In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words ‘‘buy or lease’’ are substituted for ‘‘purchase or hire’’ for con- sistency. In clause (1)(C), the words ‘‘section 101 of title 5’’ are used because of section 7(b) of the Act of Sep- tember 6, 1966 (Pub. L. 89–554, 80 Stat. 631). In subsection (c)(1), before clause (A), the word ‘‘agency’’ is substituted for ‘‘department’’ for consist- ency. The words ‘‘total cost’’ are substituted for ‘‘cost’’ because of the restatement. The words ‘‘(except costs required only for transportation)’’ are substituted for ‘‘which shall be in addition to the amount required for transportation’’ for clarity. Clause (A) is substituted for ‘‘completely equipped for operation’’ and 31:638a(c)(1)(2d sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words. In subsection (c)(2), the words ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provisions of law’’ are omitted as surplus. In subsection (d), the words ‘‘armed forces’’ are sub- stituted for ‘‘Military and Naval Establishments’’ for consistency. In subsection (e)(2), the words ‘‘motor boats, trucks’’ in 31:638d are omitted as being included in ‘‘vehicles’’. The words ‘‘adopted by Congress’’ are omitted as sur- plus. In subsection (e)(3), the words ‘‘horse-drawn’’ in 31:638e are omitted because the section applies only to motor vehicles and aircraft described in 31:638a and also is obsolete. The words ‘‘motor boats’’ are omitted as being included in ‘‘vehicles’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries MOTOR VEHICLES PURCHASED FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES; EXCEPTION FROM MONETARY LIMITATIONS Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, § 8105, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1464, provided that: ‘‘During the current fiscal year and thereafter, monetary limitations on the pur- chase price of a passenger motor vehicle shall not apply to vehicles purchased for intelligence activities con- Page 177 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE § 1343 ducted pursuant to Executive Order 12333 [50 U.S.C. 3001 note] or successor orders.’’ Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, § 9038, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1910. Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, § 8038, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1180. Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, § 8039, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1883. Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, § 9049, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1139. Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, § 8086, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–32. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(b) [title VIII, § 8119], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–84. MAXIMUM PURCHASE PRICE OF MOTOR VEHICLES; EXCEPTIONS Pub. L. 118–47, div. B, title VII, § 702, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 573, provided that: ‘‘Unless otherwise specifically provided, the maximum amount allowable during the current fiscal year in accordance with section 1343(c) of title 31, United States Code, for the purchase of any passenger motor vehicle (exclusive of buses, ambu- lances, vans, law enforcement vehicles, protective vehi- cles, undercover surveillance vehicles, and police-type vehicles), is hereby fixed at $40,000 except station wag- ons for which the maximum shall be $41,140: Provided, That these limits may be exceeded by not to exceed $7,775 for police-type vehicles: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this section may not be exceeded by more than 5 percent for electric or hybrid vehicles purchased for demonstration under the provisions of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Develop- ment, and Demonstration Act of 1976 [15 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.]: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this section may be exceeded by the incremental cost of clean alternative fuels vehicles acquired pursuant to Public Law 101–549 [see Tables for classification] over the cost of comparable conventionally fueled vehicles: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this sec- tion shall not apply to any vehicle that is a commercial item and which operates on alternative fuel, including but not limited to electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.’’ Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, § 702, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4704. Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, § 702, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 293. Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, § 702, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1430. Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, § 702, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2484. Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, § 702, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 187. Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, § 702, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 588. Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, § 702, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 377. Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, § 702, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2473. Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, § 702, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2379. Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, § 702, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 230. Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, § 702, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 928. Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, § 702, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3205. Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, § 702, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 680. Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, § 703, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2019. Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, § 803, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2495. Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, § 603, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3272. Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, § 603, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 350. Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, § 603, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 463. Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, § 603, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 545. Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(3) [title VI, § 603], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–155. Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, § 603, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 466. Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(h) [title VI, § 604], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–513. Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, § 604, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1308. Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 604], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–353. Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, § 604, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 497. Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, § 604, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2416. Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, § 604, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1259. Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, § 605, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1766. Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, § 605, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 868. Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, § 601, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1470. Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, § 601, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 816. Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, § 601, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1751. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(m) [title VI, § 601], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–419. Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(m) [title VI, § 601], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–328, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(m) [title VI, § 601], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–328. Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, § 601], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291. Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, § 602], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963. Pub. L. 98–151, § 101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, § 602], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973. Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(a) [H.R. 7158, title VI, § 602], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1830. Pub. L. 97–92, § 101(a) [H.R. 4121, title VI, § 602], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1183. Pub. L. 96–536, § 113, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3171. Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, § 601, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 573. Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, § 601, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1015. Pub. L. 95–81, title VI, § 601, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 354. Pub. L. 94–363, title VI, § 601, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 977. Pub. L. 94–91, title VI, § 601, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 458. Pub. L. 93–381, title VI, § 601, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 630. Pub. L. 93–143, title VI, § 601, Oct. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 524. Pub. L. 92–351, title VI, § 601, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 487. Pub. L. 92–49, title VI, § 601, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 122. Pub. L. 91–439, title V, § 501, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 902. Pub. L. 91–144, title V, § 501, Dec. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 336. Pub. L. 90–479, title V, § 501, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 717. Pub. L. 90–147, title V, § 501, Nov. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 482. Pub. L. 89–689, title V, § 501, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1014. Pub. L. 89–299, title V, § 501, Oct. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 1108. Pub. L. 88–511, title V, § 501, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 693. Pub. L. 88–257, title V, § 501, Dec. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 855. Pub. L. 87–880, title V, § 501, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1227. Pub. L. 87–125, title V, § 501, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 282. Pub. L. 86–642, title II, § 201, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 476. Pub. L. 86–79, title II, § 201, July 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 165. Pub. L. 85–468, title II, § 201, June 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 224. Pub. L. 85–48, title II, § 201, June 5, 1957, 71 Stat. 53. June 13, 1956, ch. 385, title II, § 201, 70 Stat. 279. June 29, 1955, ch. 226, title II, § 201, 69 Stat. 195. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 935, Ch. XIII, § 1301, 68 Stat. 828. Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 340, Ch. XIII, § 1301, 67 Stat. 435. July 15, 1952, ch. 758, Ch. XIV, § 1401, 66 Stat. 659. Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, Ch. XIII, § 1301, 65 Stat. 755. Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. XII, § 1201, 64 Stat. 763. Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title III, § 301, 63 Stat. 661. Page 178 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE § 1344 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, title II, § 201, 62 Stat. 193. July 30, 1947, ch. 359, title II, § 201, 61 Stat. 608. § 1344. Passenger carrier use (a)(1) Funds available to a Federal agency, by appropriation or otherwise, may be expended by the Federal agency for the maintenance, oper- ation, or repair of any passenger carrier only to the extent that such carrier is used to provide transportation for official purposes. Notwith- standing any other provision of law, trans- porting any individual other than the individ- uals listed in subsections (b) and (c) of this sec- tion between such individual’s residence and such individual’s place of employment is not transportation for an official purpose. (2) For purposes of paragraph (1), transpor- tation between the residence of an officer or em- ployee and various locations that is— (A) required for the performance of field work, in accordance with regulations pre- scribed pursuant to subsection (e) of this sec- tion, or (B) essential for the safe and efficient per- formance of intelligence, counterintelligence, protective services, or criminal law enforce- ment duties, or transportation of federally owned canines associated with force protec- tion duties of any part of the intelligence com- munity (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)), is transportation for an official purpose, when approved in writing by the head of the Federal agency. (3) For purposes of paragraph (1), the transpor- tation of an individual between such individual’s place of employment and a mass transit facility pursuant to subsection (g) is transportation for an official purpose. (b) A passenger carrier may be used to trans- port between residence and place of employment the following officers and employees of Federal agencies: (1)(A) the President and the Vice President; (B) no more than 6 officers or employees in the Executive Office of the President, as des- ignated by the President; and (C) no more than 10 additional officers or employees of Federal agencies, as designated by the President; (2) the Chief Justice and the Associate Jus- tices of the Supreme Court; (3)(A) officers compensated at Level I of the Executive Schedule pursuant to section 5312 of title 5; and (B) a single principal deputy to an officer de- scribed in subclause (A) of this clause, when a determination is made by such officer that such transportation is appropriate; (4) principal diplomatic and consular offi- cials abroad, and the United States Ambas- sador to the United Nations; (5) the Deputy Secretary of Defense and Under Secretaries of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the members and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Commandant of the Coast Guard; (6) the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Director of the Bureau of Alco- hol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives 1 the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Ad- ministration, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion; (7) the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; (8) the Comptroller General of the United States and the Postmaster General of the United States; and (9) an officer or employee with regard to whom the head of a Federal agency makes a determination, in accordance with subsection (d) of this section and with regulations pre- scribed pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection (e), that highly unusual circumstances present a clear and present danger, that an emergency exists, or that other compelling operational considerations make such transportation es- sential to the conduct of official business. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of sub- section (d), any authorization made pursuant to clause (9) of this subsection to permit the use of a passenger carrier to transport an officer or employee between residence and place of em- ployment shall be effective for not more than 15 calendar days. (c) A passenger carrier may be used to trans- port between residence and place of employment any person for whom protection is specifically authorized pursuant to section 3056(a) of title 18 or for whom transportation is authorized pursu- ant to section 28 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, section 2637 of title 10, or section 8(a)(1) of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949. (d)(1) Any determination made under sub- section (b)(9) of this section shall be in writing and shall include the name and title of the offi- cer or employee affected, the reason for such de- termination, and the duration of the authoriza- tion for such officer or employee to use a pas- senger carrier for transportation between resi- dence and place of employment. (2) If a clear and present danger, an emer- gency, or a compelling operational consider- ation described in subsection (b)(9) of this sec- tion extends or may extend for a period in ex- cess of 15 calendar days, the head of the Federal agency shall determine whether an authoriza- tion under such paragraph shall be extended in excess of 15 calendar days for a period of not more than 90 additional calendar days. Deter- minations made under this paragraph may be re- viewed by the head of such agency at the end of each such period, and, where appropriate, a sub- sequent determination may be made whether such danger, emergency, or consideration con- tinues to exist and whether an additional exten- sion, not to exceed 90 calendar days, may be au- thorized. Determinations made under this para- graph shall be in accordance with regulations prescribed pursuant to paragraph (1) of sub- section (e). (3) The authority to make designations under subsection (b)(1) of this section and to make de- terminations pursuant to subsections (a)(2) and