42 U.S.C. § 283q — Eureka prize competitions

Page 669 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 283q (5) the extent to which the specified instru- ment will be shared and the benefit of the pro- posed instrument to the overall research com- munity to be served. (b) Peer review In awarding grants under the program de- scribed in subsection (a), the Director of NIH, acting through the Office of the Director of NIH, shall comply with the peer review requirements in section 289a of this title. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404L, formerly Pub. L. 106–505, title III, § 305, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2335; renumbered July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404L, and amended Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title II, § 221(b)(4), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1088.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly set out as a note under section 287 of this title, prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 112–74. AMENDMENTS 2011—Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(iii), substituted ‘‘Di- rector of NIH, acting through the Office of the Director of NIH,’’ for ‘‘Director of the National Center for Re- search Resources’’ in subsecs. (a) and (b). Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘under the Shared Instrumentation Grant Pro- gram’’ for ‘‘under the program described in subsection (a)’’ in introductory provisions. Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(i), redesignated subsec. (b) as (a) and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (a) read as follows: ‘‘There is authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year, to enable the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Direc- tor of the National Center for Research Resources, to provide for the continued operation of the Shared In- strumentation Grant Program (initiated in fiscal year 1992 under the authority of section 287 of this title).’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(iv), sub- stituted ‘‘in subsection (a), the’’ for ‘‘in subsection (a)’’ and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 289a of this title. Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(i), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (a). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(b)(4)(B)(i), redesig- nated subsec. (c) as (b). § 283o. Next generation of researchers (a) Next generation of researchers initiative There shall be established within the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, the Next Generation of Researchers Ini- tiative (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Initia- tive’’), through which the Director shall coordi- nate all policies and programs within the Na- tional Institutes of Health that are focused on promoting and providing opportunities for new researchers and earlier research independence. (b) Activities The Director of the National Institutes of Health, through the Initiative shall— (1) promote policies and programs within the National Institutes of Health that are focused on improving opportunities for new research- ers and promoting earlier research independ- ence, including existing policies and programs, as appropriate; (2) develop, modify, or prioritize policies, as needed, within the National Institutes of Health to promote opportunities for new re- searchers and earlier research independence, such as policies to increase opportunities for new researchers to receive funding, enhance training and mentorship programs for re- searchers, and enhance workforce diversity; (3) coordinate, as appropriate, with relevant agencies, professional and academic associa- tions, academic institutions, and others, to improve and update existing information on the biomedical research workforce in order to inform programs related to the training, re- cruitment, and retention of biomedical re- searchers; and (4) carry out other activities, including eval- uation and oversight of existing programs, as appropriate, to promote the development of the next generation of researchers and earlier research independence. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404M, as added Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2021(a), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1051.) § 283p. Population focused research The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall, as appropriate, encourage efforts to improve research related to the health of sex- ual and gender minority populations, including by— (1) facilitating increased participation of sexual and gender minority populations in clinical research supported by the National In- stitutes of Health, and reporting on such par- ticipation, as applicable; (2) facilitating the development of valid and reliable methods for research relevant to sex- ual and gender minority populations; and (3) addressing methodological challenges. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404N, as added Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2038(d), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1065.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REPORTING Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2038(e), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1065, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in collaboration with the Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall as appropriate— ‘‘(A) continue to support research for the develop- ment of appropriate measures related to reporting health information about sexual and gender minority populations; and ‘‘(B) not later than 2 years after the date of enact- ment of this Act [Dec. 13, 2016], disseminate and make public such measures. ‘‘(2) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE RECOMMENDA- TIONS.—In developing the measures described in para- graph (1)(A), the Secretary shall take into account rec- ommendations made by the National Academy of Medi- cine.’’ § 283q. Eureka prize competitions (a) In general Pursuant to the authorities and processes es- tablished under section 3719 of title 15, the Di- rector of the National Institutes of Health shall support prize competitions for one or both of the following goals: Page 670 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 283r 1 So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted. (1) Identifying and funding areas of bio- medical science that could realize significant advancements through a prize competition. (2) Improving health outcomes, particularly with respect to human diseases and condi- tions— (A) for which public and private invest- ment in research is disproportionately small relative to Federal Government expendi- tures on prevention and treatment activities with respect to such diseases and conditions, such that Federal expenditures on health programs would be reduced; (B) that are serious and represent a signifi- cant disease burden in the United States; or (C) for which there is potential for signifi- cant return on investment to the United States. (b) Tracking; reporting The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall— (1) collect information on— (A) the effect of innovations funded through the prize competitions under this section in advancing biomedical science or improving health outcomes pursuant to sub- section (a); and (B) the effect of the innovations on Fed- eral expenditures; and (2) include the information collected under paragraph (1) in the triennial report under sec- tion 283 of this title (as amended by section 2032). (Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2002, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1047.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 2032, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), means sec- tion 2032 of Pub. L. 114–255. CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the 21st Century Cures Act, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter. § 283r. National Science Advisory Board for Bio- security (a) Establishment The Secretary, acting through the Director of NIH, shall establish an advisory committee, to be known as the ‘‘National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity’’ (referred to in this sec- tion as the ‘‘Board’’). (b) Duties (1) 1 In general The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity referred to in section 205 of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (Public Law 109–417) (referred to in this sec- tion as the ‘‘Board’’) shall provide technical advice, guidance, or recommendations, to rel- evant Federal departments and agencies re- lated to biosafety and biosecurity oversight of biomedical research, including— (A) oversight of federally-conducted or fed- erally-supported dual use biomedical re- search, such as the review of policies or frameworks used to assess and appropriately manage safety and security risks associated with such research, taking into consider- ation national security concerns, the poten- tial benefits of such research, considerations related to the research community, trans- parency, and public availability of informa- tion, and international research collabora- tion; and (B) continuing to carry out the activities required under section 205 of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (Public Law 109–417). (c) Considerations In carrying out the duties under subsection (b), the Board may consider strategies to im- prove the safety and security of biomedical re- search, including through— (1) leveraging or using new technologies and scientific advancements to reduce safety and security risks associated with such research and improve containment of pathogens; and (2) outreach to, and education and training of, researchers, laboratory personnel, and other appropriate individuals with respect to safety and security risks associated with such research and mitigation of such risks. (d) Membership The Board shall be composed of the following: (1) Non-voting, ex officio members, including the following: (A) At least one representative of each of the following: (i) The Department of Health and Human Services. (ii) The Department of Defense. (iii) The Department of Agriculture. (iv) The Department of Homeland Secu- rity. (v) The Department of Energy. (vi) The Department of State. (vii) The Office of Science and Tech- nology Policy. (viii) The Office of the Director of Na- tional Intelligence. (B) Representatives of such other Federal departments or agencies as the Secretary de- termines appropriate to carry out the re- quirements of this section. (2) Individuals, appointed by the Secretary, with expertise in biology, infectious diseases, public health, ethics, national security, and other fields, as the Secretary determines ap- propriate, who shall serve as voting members. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404O, as added Pub. L. 117–328, div. FF, title II, § 2313(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5761.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 205 of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Pre- paredness Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is section 205 of Pub. L. 109–417, which is set out as a note below.