49 U.S.C. § 20165 — Limitations on non-Federal alcohol and

Page 597 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 20167 provement Act of 2008, the Secretary of Trans- portation shall prescribe standards, guidance, regulations, or orders governing the develop- ment, use, and implementation of rail safety technology in dark territory, in arrangements not defined in section 20501 or otherwise not cov- ered by Federal standards, guidance, regula- tions, or orders that ensure the safe operation of such technology, such as— (1) switch position monitoring devices or in- dicators; (2) radio, remote control, or other power-as- sisted switches; (3) hot box, high water, or earthquake detec- tors; (4) remote control locomotive zone limiting devices; (5) slide fences; (6) grade crossing video monitors; (7) track integrity warning systems; or (8) other similar rail safety technologies, as determined by the Secretary. (b) DARK TERRITORY DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘dark territory’’ means any territory in a railroad system that does not have a signal or train control system installed or operational. (Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, § 406(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4886; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, § 11316(i), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1677.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improve- ment Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 110–432, which was ap- proved Oct. 16, 2008. AMENDMENTS 2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted ‘‘after the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008’’ for ‘‘after enactment of the Railroad Safety Enhancement Act of 2008’’ in introductory provisions. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. § 20165. Limitations on non-Federal alcohol and drug testing (a) TESTING REQUIREMENTS.—Any non-Federal alcohol and drug testing program of a railroad carrier must provide that all post-employment tests of the specimens of employees who are sub- ject to both the program and chapter 211 of this title be conducted using a scientifically recog- nized method of testing capable of determining the presence of the specific analyte at a level above the cut-off level established by the car- rier. (b) REDRESS PROCESS.—Each railroad carrier that has a non-Federal alcohol and drug testing program must provide a redress process to its employees who are subject to both the alcohol and drug testing program and chapter 211 of this title for such an employee to petition for and re- ceive a carrier hearing to review his or her spec- imen test results that were determined to be in violation of the program. A dispute or grievance raised by a railroad carrier or its employee, ex- cept a probationary employee, in connection with the carrier’s alcohol and drug testing pro- gram and the application of this section is sub- ject to resolution under section 3 of the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 153). (Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, § 409(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4887.) § 20166. Emergency escape breathing apparatus Not later than 18 months after the date of en- actment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Secretary of Transportation shall pre- scribe regulations that require railroad car- riers— (1) to provide emergency escape breathing apparatus suitable to provide head and neck coverage with respiratory protection for all crewmembers in locomotive cabs on freight trains carrying hazardous materials that would pose an inhalation hazard in the event of release; (2) to provide convenient storage in each freight train locomotive to enable crew- members to access such apparatus quickly; (3) to maintain such equipment in proper working condition; and (4) to provide their crewmembers with ap- propriate training for using the breathing ap- paratus. (Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, § 413(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4889.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improve- ment Act of 2008, referred to in text, is the date of en- actment of div. A. of Pub. L. 110–432, which was ap- proved Oct. 16, 2008. § 20167. Reports on highway-rail grade crossing safety (a) REPORT.—Not later than 4 years after the date by which States are required to submit State highway-rail grade crossing action plans under section 11401(b) of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 22907 note), the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, in consultation with the Ad- ministrator of the Federal Highway Administra- tion, shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representa- tives that summarizes the State highway-rail grade crossing action plans, including— (1) an analysis and evaluation of each State railway-highway crossings program under sec- tion 130 of title 23, including— (A) compliance with section 11401 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act and section 130(g) of title 23; and (B) the specific strategies identified by each State to improve safety at highway-rail grade crossings, including crossings with multiple accidents or incidents;