50 U.S.C. § 4704 — United States as entitled to all benefits of

Page 1199 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 4704 1 See Transfer of Functions note below. 1 See Transfer of Functions note below. agents and officers of the court having posses- sion, custody, or control of said vessel, forth- with upon the filing with the clerk of said court of a certified copy of the order of requisitioning or taking, and without further order of the court, to comply with said requisitioning or tak- ing and to permit the representatives of the United States Maritime Commission or the War Shipping Administration,1 as the case may be, to take possession, custody, and control of said vessel. (d) to (k) Omitted. (Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, § 3, 57 Stat. 48; July 25, 1947, ch. 327, § 1, 61 Stat. 449.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Act of June 6, 1941 (Public Law 101, Seventy-sev- enth Congress), referred to in subsec. (c), is act June 6, 1941, ch. 174, 55 Stat. 242, which was classified to former sections 1271 to 1275 of the former Appendix to this title and has been omitted from the Code as expired. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1293 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassi- fication and renumbering as this section. Section is comprised of section 3 of act Mar. 24, 1943. Subsec. (a) of section 3 of the Act amended act June 6, 1941, ch. 174, § 1, 55 Stat. 242, which was classified to former section 1271 of the former Appendix to this title and has been omitted from the Code as expired. Subsec. (b) of section 3 of the Act, dealing with power of War Shipping Administrator to determine whether owner- ship of a vessel was required by the United States, ex- pired with the termination on Sept. 1, 1946, of the War Shipping Administration, as set forth in the Transfer of Functions note below. Subsec. (d) of section 3 of the Act amended section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, act June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title IX, § 902, 49 Stat. 2015, which was classified to section 1242 of the former Appendix to Title 46, Shipping, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710, and which was reenacted as chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. Subsecs. (e) to (h) of section 3 of the Act amended sections 1128b to 1128e, respectively, of former Title 46, Shipping. Sub- sec. (i) of section 3 of the Act enacted section 1128h of former Title 46 and was repealed by act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, § 1, 61 Stat. 449. Subsecs. (j) and (k) of section 3 of the Act amended sections 3 and 4 of act June 6, 1941, ch. 174, 55 Stat. 243, 244, which were classified to former sections 1273 and 1274, respectively, of the former Appendix to this title and have been omitted from the Code as expired. In subsec. (c), ‘‘chapter 563 of title 46’’ substituted for ‘‘section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended,’’ on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, § 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS War Shipping Administration terminated as of Sept. 1, 1946, and functions, powers, duties, etc., transferred to United States Maritime Commission for period Sept. 1, 1946, to Dec. 31, 1946, for purpose of liquidating Ad- ministration, by act July 8, 1946, ch. 543, title II, § 202, 60 Stat. 501. Maritime Administration transferred from Depart- ment of Commerce to Department of Transportation by Maritime Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 151, which was repealed in part by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710. See section 109 of Title 49, Transportation. VESSEL OPERATIONS UNDER REVOLVING FUND Vessel operations conducted under Vessel Operations Revolving Fund, applicability of subsec. (c) of this sec- tion to, see section 50301(a) to (e) of Title 46, Shipping. Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Maritime Commission abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21, 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1273, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Govern- ment Organization and Employees, which transferred part of its functions and part of functions of its Chair- man to Federal Maritime Board and Chairman thereof, that Board having been created by that Plan as an agency within Department of Commerce with an inde- pendent status in some respects, and transferred re- mainder of Commission’s functions and functions of its Chairman to Secretary of Commerce, with power vest- ed in Secretary to authorize their performance by Mar- itime Administrator, the head of Maritime Administra- tion, which likewise was established by the Plan in De- partment of Commerce with provision that Chairman of Federal Maritime Board should, ex officio, be that Administrator. Federal Maritime Board, including offices of mem- bers of Board, abolished by section 304 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, eff. Aug. 12, 1961, 26 F.R. 7315, 75 Stat. 843, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees. Functions of Board transferred either to Federal Maritime Commission or to Secretary of Commerce by sections 103 and 202 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961. § 4704. United States as entitled to all benefits of exemption and limitation of liability ac- corded to owners of vessels The United States shall, with respect to ves- sels owned by or chartered to the War Shipping Administrator 1 under bareboat charter or time charter or operated directly by such Adminis- trator or for his account, be entitled to the ben- efits of all exemptions and of all limitations of liability accorded by law to the owners of ves- sels. With respect to any such vessel, the term ‘‘the United States’’ shall include agents or other persons acting for or on behalf of the Ad- ministrator in connection with the operation thereof. (Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, § 4, 57 Stat. 51.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1294 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassi- fication and renumbering as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS War Shipping Administration terminated as of Sept. 1, 1946, and functions, powers, duties, etc., transferred to United States Maritime Commission for period Sept. 1, 1946, to Dec. 31, 1946, for purpose of liquidating Ad- ministration, by act July 8, 1946, ch. 543, title II, § 202, 60 Stat. 501. Maritime Administration transferred from Depart- ment of Commerce to Department of Transportation by Maritime Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. Page 1200 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 4705 1 See Transfer of Functions note below. 151, which was repealed in part by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710. See section 109 of Title 49, Transportation. VESSEL OPERATIONS UNDER REVOLVING FUND Vessel operations conducted under Vessel Operations Revolving Fund, applicability of this section to, see section 50301(a) to (e) of Title 46, Shipping. Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Maritime Commission abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21, 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1273, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Govern- ment Organization and Employees, which transferred part of its functions and part of functions of its Chair- man to Federal Maritime Board and Chairman thereof, that Board having been created by that Plan as an agency within Department of Commerce with an inde- pendent status in some respects, and transferred re- mainder of Commission’s functions and functions of its Chairman to Secretary of Commerce, with power vest- ed in Secretary to authorize their performance by Mar- itime Administrator, the head of Maritime Administra- tion, which likewise was established by the Plan in De- partment of Commerce with provision that Chairman of Federal Maritime Board should, ex officio, be that Administrator. Federal Maritime Board, including offices of mem- bers of Board, abolished by section 304 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, eff. Aug. 12, 1961, 26 F.R. 7315, 75 Stat. 843, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees. Functions of Board transferred either to Federal Maritime Commission or to Secretary of Commerce by sections 103 and 202 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961. § 4705. Termination of section 4701(a); authority of United States Maritime Commission vest- ed in Administrator of War Shipping Admin- istration The provisions of section 4701(a) of this title shall remain in force until the termination of title 1 of the First War Powers Act, 1941. The termination of the provisions of such section shall not affect any act done or any right accru- ing or accrued, or any suit or proceeding had or commenced in any cause before such termi- nation, but all rights and liabilities under law as modified by such provisions shall continue, and may be enforced in the same manner as if such provisions had not terminated. The authority conferred upon the United States Maritime Commission by any provision of this chapter shall be vested in and exercised by the Adminis- trator of the War Shipping Administration 1 in conformity with the Executive order of Feb- ruary 7, 1942 (Numbered 9054; 7 F.R. 837), as here- tofore or hereafter amended. (Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, § 5, 57 Stat. 51.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Title 1 of the First War Powers Act, 1941, referred to in text, is title I of act Dec. 18, 1941, ch. 593, 55 Stat. 838, which was classified to former sections 601 to 605 of the former Appendix to this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 651. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1295 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassi- fication and renumbering as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS War Shipping Administration terminated as of Sept. 1, 1946, and functions, powers, duties, etc., transferred to United States Maritime Commission for period Sept. 1, 1946, to Dec. 31, 1946, for purpose of liquidating Ad- ministration, by act July 8, 1946, ch. 543, title II, § 202, 60 Stat. 501. Maritime Administration transferred from Depart- ment of Commerce to Department of Transportation by Maritime Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 151, which was repealed in part by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710. See section 109 of Title 49, Transportation. Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Maritime Commission abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21, 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1273, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Govern- ment Organization and Employees, which transferred part of its functions and part of functions of its Chair- man to Federal Maritime Board and Chairman thereof, that Board having been created by that Plan as an agency within Department of Commerce with an inde- pendent status in some respects, and transferred re- mainder of Commission’s functions and functions of its Chairman to Secretary of Commerce, with power vest- ed in Secretary to authorize their performance by Mar- itime Administrator, the head of Maritime Administra- tion, which likewise was established by the Plan in De- partment of Commerce with provision that Chairman of Federal Maritime Board should, ex officio, be that Administrator. Federal Maritime Board, including offices of mem- bers of Board, abolished by section 304 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, eff. Aug. 12, 1961, 26 F.R. 7315, 75 Stat. 843, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees. Functions of Board transferred either to Federal Maritime Commission or to Secretary of Commerce by sections 103 and 202 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961. CHAPTER 58—EXPORT CONTROL REFORM Sec. 4801. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER I—AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTRATION OF CONTROLS 4811. Statement of policy. 4812. Authority of the President. 4813. Additional authorities. 4814. Administration of export controls. 4815. Licensing. 4816. Compliance assistance. 4817. Requirements to identify and control the ex- port of emerging and foundational tech- nologies. 4818. Review relating to countries subject to com- prehensive United States arms embargo. 4819. Penalties. 4820. Enforcement. 4821. Administrative procedure. 4822. Review of interagency dispute resolution process. 4823. Consultation with other agencies on com- modity classification. 4824. Annual report to Congress. 4825. Effect on other acts. 4826. Transition provisions. SUBCHAPTER II—ANTI-BOYCOTT ACT OF 2018 4841. Statement of policy. 4842. Foreign boycotts. 4843. Enforcement.