22 U.S.C. § 1464a — Broadcasting Board of Governors sat-

Page 366 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 1464a (2) conduct periodic audience evaluations and measurements; and (3) promote and advertise Voice of America/ Europe. (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 504, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title IV, § 402, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1381.) § 1464a. Broadcasting Board of Governors sat- ellite and television (a) In general The Broadcasting Board of Governors is au- thorized to lease or otherwise acquire time on commercial or United States Government sat- ellites for the purpose of transmitting materials and programs to posts and other users abroad. (b) Broadcast principles The Congress finds that the long-term inter- ests of the United States are served by commu- nicating directly with the peoples of the world by television. To be effective, the Broadcasting Board of Governors must win the attention and respect of viewers. These principles will there- fore govern the television broadcasts of the United States International Television Service: (1) The United States International Tele- vision Service will serve as a consistently reli- able and authoritative source of news. The United States International Television Service news will be accurate and objective. (2) The United States International Tele- vision Service will represent the United States, not any single segment of American society and will, therefore, present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions. (3) The United States International Tele- vision Service will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively and will also present responsible discussions and opin- ion on these policies. (c) Programs The Broadcasting Board of Governors is au- thorized to produce, acquire, or broadcast tele- vision programs, via satellite, only if such pro- grams— (1) are interactive, consisting of interviews among participants in different locales; (2) cover news, public affairs, or other cur- rent events; (3) cover official activities of government, Federal or State, including congressional pro- ceedings and news briefings of any agency of the Executive branch; or (4) are of an artistic or scientific character or are otherwise representative of American culture. (d) Costs When a comparable program produced by United States public or commercial broad- casters and producers is available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of produc- tion by the United States International Tele- vision Service, the Broadcasting Board of Gov- ernors shall use such materials in preference to the United States International Television Serv- ice produced materials. (e) Allocation of funds (1) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors not more than $12,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and not more than $12,480,000 for the fiscal year 1991 may be obligated or expended for the United States International Television Service. (2) The Broadcasting Board of Governors shall prepare and submit to the Congress quarterly re- ports which contain a detailed explanation of expenditures for the United States International Television Service during the fiscal years 1990 and 1991. Such reports shall contain specific jus- tification and supporting information pertaining to all programs, particularly those described in subsection (c)(4), that were produced in-house by the United States International Television Serv- ice. Each such report shall include a statement by the Broadcasting Board of Governors that, according to the best information available to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, no com- parable United States commercially-produced or public television program is available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of produc- tion by the United States International Tele- vision Service. (3) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1991 shall be available only for the purchase or use of programs produced with grants from the Corporation for Public Broad- casting or produced by United States public broadcasters. (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 505, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 205(a), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(a)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–786.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘Direc- tor of the United States Information Agency’’. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(B), (C)(i), in in- troductory provisions, substituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘United States Information Agency’’ and ‘‘television broadcasts of the United States International Television Service’’ for ‘‘Agency’s television broadcasts (hereinafter in this section re- ferred to as ‘USIA–TV’)’’. Subsec. (b)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(C)(ii), substituted ‘‘The United States International Tele- vision Service’’ for ‘‘USIA–TV’’, wherever appearing. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(A), substituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agency’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(A), (D), sub- stituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘Direc- tor of the United States Information Agency’’ and sub- stituted ‘‘the United States International Television Service’’ for ‘‘USIA–TV’’ in two places. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(B), (D), sub- stituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘United States Information Agency’’ and ‘‘the United States International Television Service’’ for ‘‘USIA–TV’’. Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(D), sub- stituted ‘‘the United States International Television Service’’ for ‘‘USIA–TV’’, wherever appearing. Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(A), (B), in first sentence, substituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘United States Information Agency’’, and in last sen- tence, substituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ Page 367 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 1465 for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agen- cy’’ after ‘‘statement by the’’ and for ‘‘United States Information Agency’’ after ‘‘available to the’’. Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(a)(1)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘United States Information Agency’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6531 of this title. TELEVISION SERVICE OF USIA Pub. L. 100–204, title II, § 207, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1374, which provided that the television and film serv- ice of the United States Information Agency was to op- erate under same criteria and conditions as specified for Voice of America by section 1463 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1336(7), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790. § 1464b. Voice of America hiring practices (a) Prohibition After February 16, 1990, the Voice of America shall not select candidates for employment who must be or are preapproved for employment at the Voice of America by a foreign government or an entity controlled by a foreign government. (b) Exception The prohibition referred to in this section shall not apply to— (1) participants in the Voice of America’s ex- change programs; or (2) clerical, technical, or maintenance staff at Voice of America offices in foreign coun- tries. (c) Report If the Broadcasting Board of Governors deter- mines that the prohibition under subsection (a) would require the termination of a specific Voice of America foreign language service, then, not less than 90 days before the Board begins to recruit such candidates, the Board shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report con- cerning— (1) the number and location of speakers of the applicable foreign language who could be recruited by the Voice of America without vio- lating this section; and (2) the efforts made by the Voice of America to recruit such individuals for employment. (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 506, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 232, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 57; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–787.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, in introductory pro- visions, substituted ‘‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’’ for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agen- cy’’, ‘‘Board begins’’ for ‘‘Agency begins’’, and ‘‘Board shall’’ for ‘‘Director shall’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6531 of this title. SUBCHAPTER V–A—RADIO BROADCASTING TO CUBA REPEAL OF SUBCHAPTER Subchapter repealed upon transmittal of de- termination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elect- ed government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title. § 1465. Congressional findings and declaration of purposes The Congress finds and declares— (1) that it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of Uni- versal Declaration of Human Rights; (2) that, consonant with this policy, radio broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in fur- thering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba, in particular information about Cuba; (3) that such broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in ac- cordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest; and (4) that the Voice of America already broad- casts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and com- prehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions but that there is a need for broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to pro- mote the cause of freedom in Cuba. (Pub. L. 98–111, § 2, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 749.) REPEAL OF SECTION Section repealed upon transmittal of deter- mination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected govern- ment in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broad- casting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and