34 U.S.C. § 10461 — Grants

Page 148 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 10461 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. § 10461. Grants (a) Purpose The purpose of this subchapter is to assist States, Indian Tribal governments, State and local courts (including juvenile courts), Tribal courts, and units of local government to im- prove the criminal justice response to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking as serious violations of criminal law, and to seek safety and autonomy for victims. (b) Grant authority The Attorney General may make grants to eli- gible grantees for the following purposes: (1) To implement offender accountability and homicide reduction programs and policies in police departments, including policies for protection order violations and enforcement of protection orders across State and tribal lines. (2) To develop policies, educational pro- grams, protection order registries, data collec- tion systems, and training in police depart- ments to improve tracking of cases and classi- fication of complaints involving domestic vio- lence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Policies, educational programs, pro- tection order registries, and training described in this paragraph shall incorporate confiden- tiality, and privacy protections for victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking. (3) To centralize and coordinate police en- forcement, prosecution, or judicial responsi- bility for domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking cases in teams or units of police officers, prosecutors, parole and probation officers, or judges. (4) To coordinate computer tracking systems and provide the appropriate training and edu- cation about domestic violence, dating vio- lence, sexual assault, and stalking to ensure communication between police, prosecutors, parole and probation officers, and both crimi- nal and family courts. (5) To strengthen legal advocacy and legal assistance programs and other victim services for victims of domestic violence, dating vio- lence, sexual assault, and stalking, including strengthening assistance to such victims in immigration matters. (6) To educate Federal, State, tribal, terri- torial, and local judges, courts, and court- based and court-related personnel in criminal and civil courts (including juvenile courts) about domestic violence, dating violence, sex- ual assault, and stalking and to improve judi- cial handling of such cases. (7) To provide technical assistance and com- puter and other equipment to police depart- ments, prosecutors, courts, and tribal jurisdic- tions to facilitate the widespread enforcement of protection orders, including interstate en- forcement, enforcement between States and tribal jurisdictions, and enforcement between tribal jurisdictions. (8) To develop or strengthen policies and training for police, prosecutors, and the judici- ary in recognizing, investigating, and pros- ecuting instances of domestic violence 1 dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking against individuals 50 years of age or over, Deaf indi- viduals, and individuals with disabilities (as defined in section 12102(2) of title 42). (9) To develop State, tribal, territorial, or local policies, procedures, and protocols for preventing dual arrests and prosecutions in cases of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, and to develop ef- fective methods for identifying the pattern and history of abuse that indicates which party is the actual perpetrator of abuse. (10) To plan, develop and establish com- prehensive victim service and support centers, such as family justice centers, designed to bring together victim advocates from victim service providers, staff from population spe- cific organizations, law enforcement officers, prosecutors, probation officers, governmental victim assistants, forensic medical profes- sionals, civil legal attorneys, chaplains, legal advocates, representatives from community- based organizations and other relevant public or private agencies or organizations into one centralized location, in order to improve safe- ty, access to services, and confidentiality for victims and families. Although funds may be used to support the colocation of project part- ners under this paragraph, funds may not sup- port construction or major renovation ex- penses or activities that fall outside of the scope of the other statutory purpose areas. (11) To develop and implement policies and training for police, prosecutors, probation and parole officers, and the judiciary in recog- nizing, investigating, and prosecuting in- stances of sexual assault, with an emphasis on recognizing the threat to the community for repeat crime perpetration by such individuals. (12) To develop, enhance, and maintain pro- tection order registries. (13) To develop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing programs for sexual as- sault perpetrators and notification and coun- seling protocols. (14) To develop and implement training pro- grams for prosecutors and other prosecution- related personnel regarding best practices to ensure offender accountability, victim safety, and victim consultation in cases involving do- mestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking. (15) To develop or strengthen policies, proto- cols, and training for law enforcement, pros- ecutors, and the judiciary in recognizing, in- vestigating, and prosecuting instances of do- mestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking against immigrant vic- tims, including the appropriate use of applica- tions for nonimmigrant status under subpara- graphs (T) and (U) of section 1101(a)(15) of title 8. (16) To develop and promote State, local, or tribal legislation and policies that enhance best practices for responding to the crimes of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking, including the appropriate treatment of victims. (17) To develop, implement, or enhance sex- ual assault nurse examiner programs or sexual assault forensic examiner programs, including the hiring and training of such examiners. Page 149 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 10461 2 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. 3 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘prosecutors’ ’’. (18) To develop, implement, or enhance Sex- ual Assault Response Teams or similar coordi- nated community responses to sexual assault. (19) To develop and strengthen policies, pro- tocols, and training for law enforcement offi- cers and prosecutors regarding the investiga- tion and prosecution of sexual assault cases and the appropriate treatment of victims, in- cluding victims among underserved popu- lations (as defined in section 12291(a) of this title). (20) To provide human immunodeficiency virus testing programs, counseling, and pro- phylaxis for victims of sexual assault. (21) To identify and inventory backlogs of sexual assault evidence collection kits and to develop protocols for responding to and ad- dressing such backlogs, including policies and protocols for notifying and involving victims. (22) To develop multidisciplinary high-risk teams focusing on reducing domestic violence and dating violence homicides by— (A) using evidence-based indicators to as- sess the risk of homicide and link high-risk victims to immediate crisis intervention services; (B) identifying and managing high-risk of- fenders; and (C) providing ongoing victim advocacy and referrals to comprehensive services includ- ing legal, housing, health care, and eco- nomic assistance. (23) To develop, strengthen, and implement policies, protocols, and training for law en- forcement regarding cases of missing or mur- dered Indians, as described in section 5704 of title 25. (24) To compile and annually report data to the Attorney General related to missing or murdered Indians, as described in section 5705 of title 25. (25) To develop Statewide databases with in- formation on where sexual assault nurse ex- aminers are located. (26) To develop and implement alternative methods of reducing crime in communities, to supplant punitive programs or policies. For purposes of this paragraph, a punitive program or policy is a program or policy that— (A) imposes a penalty on a victim of do- mestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, or stalking, on the basis of a request by the victim for law enforcement or emer- gency assistance; or (B) imposes a penalty on such a victim be- cause of criminal activity at the property in which the victim resides. (c) Eligibility Eligible grantees are— (1) States, Indian tribal governments 1 State and local courts (including juvenile courts), or units of local government that— (A) except for a court, certify that their laws or official policies— (i) encourage arrests of domestic vio- lence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking offenders based on probable cause that an offense has been committed; and (ii) encourage arrest of offenders who violate the terms of a valid and out- standing protection order; (B) except for a court, demonstrate that their laws, policies, or practices and their training programs discourage dual arrests of offender and victim; (C) certify that their laws, policies, or practices prohibit issuance of mutual re- straining orders of protection except in cases where both parties file a claim and the court makes detailed findings of fact indi- cating that both parties acted primarily as aggressors and that neither party acted pri- marily in self-defense; (D) certify that their laws, policies, and practices do not require, in connection with the prosecution of any misdemeanor or fel- ony domestic violence, dating violence, sex- ual assault, or stalking offense, or in con- nection with the filing, issuance, registra- tion, modification, enforcement, dismissal, or service of a protection order, or a petition for a protection order, to protect a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual assault, that the victim bear the costs associated with the filing of criminal charges against the offender, or the costs as- sociated with the filing, issuance, registra- tion, modification, enforcement, dismissal, or service of a warrant, protection order, pe- tition for a protection order, or witness sub- poena, whether issued inside or outside the State, tribal, or local jurisdiction; (E) certify that,2 their laws, policies, or practices will ensure that— (i) no law enforcement officer, pros- ecuting officer or other government offi- cial shall ask or require an adult, youth, or child victim of a sex offense as defined under Federal, tribal, State, territorial, or local law to submit to a polygraph exam- ination or other truth telling device as a condition for proceeding with the inves- tigation of, trial of, or sentencing for such an offense; and (ii) the refusal of a victim to submit to an examination described in clause (i) shall not prevent the investigation of, trial of, or sentencing for the offense; (F) except for a court, not later than 3 years after the date on which an eligible grantee receives the first award under this subchapter after March 15, 2022, certify that the laws, policies, and practices of the State or the jurisdiction in which the eligible grantee is located ensure that prosecutor’s 3 offices engage in planning, developing, and implementing— (i) training developed by experts in the field regarding victim-centered approaches in domestic violence, sexual assault, dat- ing violence, and stalking cases; (ii) policies that support a victim-cen- tered approach, informed by such training; and (iii) a protocol outlining alternative practices and procedures for material wit- ness petitions and bench warrants, con- sistent with best practices, that shall be exhausted before employing material wit- Page 150 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 10461 4 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘prohibit’’. ness petitions and bench warrants to ob- tain victim-witness testimony in the in- vestigation, prosecution, and trial of a crime related to domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking of the victim in order to prevent further vic- timization and trauma to the victim; and (G) except for a court, certify that the laws, policies, and practices of the State or the jurisdiction in which the eligible grantee is located prohibits 4 the prosecution of a minor under the age of 18 with respect to prostitution; and (2) a State, tribal, or territorial domestic vi- olence or sexual assault coalition or a victim service provider that partners with a State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local gov- ernment that certifies that the State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local govern- ment meets the requirements under paragraph (1). (d) Speedy notice to victims A State or unit of local government shall not be entitled to 5 percent of the funds allocated under this subchapter unless the State or unit of local government— (1) certifies that it has a law, policy, or regu- lation that requires— (A) the State or unit of local government at the request of a victim to administer to a defendant, against whom an information or indictment is presented for a crime in which by force or threat of force the perpetrator compels the victim to engage in sexual ac- tivity, testing for the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not later than 48 hours after the date on which the information or indictment is presented and the defendant is in custody or has been served with the information or indictment; (B) as soon as practicable notification to the victim, or parent and guardian of the victim, and defendant of the testing results; and (C) follow-up tests for HIV as may be medi- cally appropriate, and that as soon as prac- ticable after each such test the results be made available in accordance with subpara- graph (B); or (2) gives the Attorney General assurances that its laws and regulations will be in compli- ance with requirements of paragraph (1) with- in the later of— (A) the period ending on the date on which the next session of the State legislature ends; or (B) 2 years. (e) Allotment for Indian tribes (1) In general Not less than 10 percent of the total amount available under this section for each fiscal year shall be available for grants under the program authorized by section 10452 of this title. (2) Applicability of subchapter The requirements of this subchapter shall not apply to funds allocated for the program described in paragraph (1). (f) Allocation for tribal coalitions Of the amounts appropriated for purposes of this subchapter for each fiscal year, not less than 5 percent shall be available for grants under section 10441 of this title. (g) Allocation for sexual assault Of the amounts appropriated for purposes of this subchapter for each fiscal year, not less than 25 percent shall be available for projects that address sexual assault, including stranger rape, acquaintance rape, alcohol or drug-facili- tated rape, and rape within the context of an in- timate partner relationship. (Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 2101, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40231(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1932; amended Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, §§ 1101(a)(2), (b)(2), 1102(b), 1109(c), title II, § 1209(b), title V, § 1512(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1509, 1533; Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 102(b), title IX, § 906(c), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2975, 3081; Pub. L. 109–271, § 7(a)(5), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 764; Pub. L. 113–4, title I, § 102(a)(1), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 70; Pub. L. 116–165, § 7(a), Oct. 10, 2020, 134 Stat. 764; Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title I, § 102(b), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 848.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT January 5, 2006, referred to in subsec. (c)(5), was in the original ‘‘the date of enactment of this section’’, which was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–162, which enacted par. (5) of subsec. (c), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 3796hh of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2101 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 2601 and is classified to section 10541 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The purpose of this subchapter is to encourage States, Indian tribal gov- ernments, State and local courts (including juvenile courts), tribal courts, and units of local government to treat domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking as serious violations of criminal law.’’ Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(2)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘offender accountability and homicide reduc- tion’’ for ‘‘proarrest’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(2)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘legal advocacy and legal assistance pro- grams’’ for ‘‘legal advocacy service programs’’. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(2)(C), sub- stituted ‘‘individuals 50 years of age or over, Deaf indi- viduals,’’ for ‘‘older individuals (as defined in section 3002 of title 42)’’. Page 151 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 10461 Subsec. (b)(19). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(2)(D), inserted ‘‘, including victims among underserved populations (as defined in section 12291(a) of this title)’’ before pe- riod at end. Subsec. (b)(25), (26). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(2)(E), added pars. (25) and (26). Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(3)(A)(i), substituted ‘‘encourage arrests of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking offenders’’ for ‘‘encourage or mandate arrests of domestic violence offenders’’. Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(3)(A)(ii), substituted ‘‘encourage arrest of offenders’’ for ‘‘en- courage or mandate arrest of domestic violence offend- ers’’. Subsec. (c)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 117–103, § 102(b)(3)(B), (C), added subpars. (F) and (G). 2020—Subsec. (b)(23), (24). Pub. L. 116–165 added pars. (23) and (24). 2013—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(i), in in- troductory provisions, substituted ‘‘grantees’’ for ‘‘States, Indian tribal governments State, tribal, terri- torial, and local courts (including juvenile courts),, or units of local government’’. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(ii), inserted ‘‘and enforcement of protection orders across State and tribal lines’’ before period at end. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(iii), sub- stituted ‘‘data collection systems, and training in po- lice departments to improve tracking of cases and clas- sification of complaints’’ for ‘‘and training in police de- partments to improve tracking of cases’’. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(iv), inserted ‘‘and provide the appropriate training and education about domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking’’ after ‘‘computer tracking sys- tems’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(v), inserted ‘‘and other victim services’’ after ‘‘legal advocacy serv- ice programs’’. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(vi), sub- stituted ‘‘Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and local judges, courts, and court-based and court-related per- sonnel’’ for ‘‘judges’’. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(vii), sub- stituted ‘‘dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking’’ for ‘‘and sexual assault’’. Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(viii), sub- stituted ‘‘victim service providers, staff from popu- lation specific organizations,’’ for ‘‘non-profit, non-gov- ernmental victim services organizations,’’. Subsec. (b)(14) to (22). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(A)(ix), added pars. (14) to (22). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(vi), (vii), sub- stituted ‘‘grantees are—’’ for ‘‘grantees are’’, inserted par. (1) designation before ‘‘States’’, struck out second comma after ‘‘(including juvenile courts)’’, and redesig- nated former pars. (1) to (5) as subpars. (A) to (E), re- spectively, of par. (1). Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(i), inserted ‘‘except for a court,’’ before ‘‘certify’’ in introductory provisions and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(viii), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated subpar. (B) of par. (1). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(ii), inserted ‘‘except for a court,’’ before ‘‘demonstrate’’. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(iii), sub- stituted ‘‘parties’’ for ‘‘spouses’’ in two places and sub- stituted ‘‘party’’ for ‘‘spouse’’. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(iv), inserted ‘‘, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking’’ after ‘‘felony domestic violence’’, ‘‘modification, enforce- ment, dismissal,’’ after ‘‘registration,’’ in two places, and ‘‘dating violence,’’ after ‘‘victim of domestic vio- lence,’’ and struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(B)(v), struck out ‘‘, not later than 3 years after January 5, 2006’’ after ‘‘certify that’’ in introductory provisions, in- serted ‘‘, trial of, or sentencing for’’ after ‘‘investiga- tion of’’ in two places, redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, substituted ‘‘clause (i)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’ in cl. (ii) as redesignated, and substituted ‘‘; and’’ for period at end. Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(C)(i)(I), in- serted ‘‘, policy,’’ after ‘‘law’’ in introductory provi- sions. Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(C)(i)(II), in- serted ‘‘and the defendant is in custody or has been served with the information or indictment’’ before semicolon at end. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(C)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘its’’ for ‘‘it’’ in introductory provisions. Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 113–4, § 102(a)(1)(D), added subsecs. (f) and (g). 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘to treat domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking as serious violations’’ for ‘‘to treat domestic violence as a serious violation’’. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(A), inserted ‘‘, tribal, territorial,’’ after ‘‘State’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(B), struck out ‘‘mandatory arrest or’’ after ‘‘implement’’ and ‘‘mandatory arrest programs and’’ after ‘‘including’’. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(C), inserted ‘‘protection order registries,’’ after ‘‘educational pro- grams,’’ and substituted ‘‘domestic violence, dating vi- olence, sexual assault, and stalking. Policies, edu- cational programs, protection order registries, and training described in this paragraph shall incorporate confidentiality, and privacy protections for victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking’’ for ‘‘domestic violence and dating violence’’. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(D), sub- stituted ‘‘domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking cases’’ for ‘‘domestic violence cases’’ and ‘‘teams’’ for ‘‘groups’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(E), sub- stituted ‘‘domestic violence, dating violence, sexual as- sault, and stalking’’ for ‘‘domestic violence and dating violence’’. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(F), sub- stituted ‘‘civil’’ for ‘‘other’’ and inserted ‘‘, dating vio- lence, sexual assault, and stalking’’ after ‘‘domestic vi- olence’’. Subsec. (b)(9) to (13). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(2)(G), added pars. (9) to (13). Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(3), added par. (5). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(4), added subsec. (d) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (d). Text read as follows: ‘‘In this section, the term ‘protection order’ has the meaning given the term in section 2266 of title 18.’’ Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–271 added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: ‘‘Not less than 10 percent of the total amount available under this section for each fiscal year shall be available for grants under the program authorized in section 3796gg–10 of this title. The requirements of this sub- chapter shall not apply to funds allocated for such pro- gram.’’ Pub. L. 109–162, § 906(c), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘Not less than 10 percent of the total amount made available for grants under this section for each fiscal year shall be available for grants to In- dian tribal governments.’’ Pub. L. 109–162, § 102(b)(4), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: ‘‘Not less than 5 percent of the total amount made available for grants under this section for each fiscal year shall be available for grants to In- dian tribal governments.’’ 2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1102(b)(1), inserted ‘‘State and local courts (including juvenile courts), tribal courts,’’ after ‘‘Indian tribal governments,’’. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1102(b)(2)(A), inserted ‘‘State and local courts (including juvenile courts),’’ Page 152 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 10462 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘section’’. 2 See References in Text note below. after ‘‘Indian tribal governments’’ in introductory pro- visions. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–386, §§ 1102(b)(2)(B), 1109(c)(1), substituted ‘‘policies, educational programs, and’’ for ‘‘policies and’’ and inserted ‘‘and dating vio- lence’’ before period at end. Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1102(b)(2)(C), (D), inserted ‘‘parole and probation officers,’’ after ‘‘pros- ecutors,’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 106–386, §§ 1109(c)(2), 1512(b), in- serted ‘‘and dating violence, including strengthening assistance to such victims in immigration matters’’ be- fore period at end. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1101(a)(2)(A), inserted ‘‘(including juvenile courts)’’ after ‘‘courts’’. Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1101(a)(2)(B), added par. (7). Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1209(b), added par. (8). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1102(b)(3), inserted ‘‘State and local courts (including juvenile courts),’’ after ‘‘Indian tribal governments’’ in introductory pro- visions. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1101(b)(2)(A), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as fol- lows: ‘‘certify that their laws, policies, or practices do not require, in connection with the prosecution of any misdemeanor or felony domestic violence offense, that the abused bear the costs associated with the filing of criminal charges or the service of such charges on an abuser, or that the abused bear the costs associated with the issuance or service of a warrant, protection order, or witness subpoena.’’ Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1101(b)(2)(B), added sub- sec. (d). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–386, § 1102(b)(4), added subsec. (e). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 117–103 not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2013 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 113–4 not effective until the beginning of the fiscal year following Mar. 7, 2013, see section 4 of Pub. L. 113–4, set out as a note under sec- tion 2261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Amendment by sections 102(b) (except the amend- ment to subsec. (d) of this section included in that sec- tion) and 906(c) of Pub. L. 109–162 not effective until the beginning of fiscal year 2007, see section 4 of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10261 of this title. § 10462. Applications (a) Application An eligible grantee shall submit an applica- tion to the Attorney General that— (1) contains a certification by the chief exec- utive officer of the State, Indian tribal govern- ment, court, or local government entity that the conditions of section 10461(c) of this title are met or will be met within the later of— (A) the period ending on the date on which the next session of the State or Indian tribal legislature ends; or (B) 2 years of September 13, 1994 or, in the case of the condition set forth in subsection 1 10461(c)(4) 2 of this title, the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on October 28, 2000; (2) describes plans to further the purposes stated in section 10461(a) of this title; (3) identifies the agency or office or groups of agencies or offices responsible for carrying out the program; and (4) includes documentation from victim serv- ice providers and, as appropriate, population specific organizations demonstrating their participation in developing the application, and identifying such programs in which such groups will be consulted for development and implementation. (b) Priority In awarding grants under this subchapter, the Attorney General shall give priority to appli- cants that— (1) do not currently provide for centralized handling of cases involving domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking by police, prosecutors, and courts; (2) demonstrate a commitment to strong en- forcement of laws, and prosecution of cases, involving domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, including the en- forcement of protection orders from other States and jurisdictions (including tribal ju- risdictions); (3) have established cooperative agreements or can demonstrate effective ongoing collabo- rative arrangements with neighboring juris- dictions to facilitate the enforcement of pro- tection orders from other States and jurisdic- tions (including tribal jurisdictions); and (4) in applications describing plans to fur- ther the purposes stated in paragraph (4) or (7) of section 10461(b) of this title, will give pri- ority to using the grant to develop and install data collection and communication systems, including computerized systems, and training on how to use these systems effectively to link police, prosecutors, courts, and tribal jurisdic- tions for the purpose of identifying and track- ing protection orders and violations of protec- tion orders, in those jurisdictions where such systems do not exist or are not fully effective. (c) Dissemination of information The Attorney General shall annually compile and broadly disseminate (including through electronic publication) information about suc- cessful data collection and communication sys- tems that meet the purposes described in this section. Such dissemination shall target States, State and local courts, Indian tribal govern- ments, and units of local government. (Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 2102, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40231(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1933; amended Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, § 1101(a)(3), (b)(3), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1492, 1493; Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 102(c), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2977; Pub. L. 113–4, title I, § 102(a)(2), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 72.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Subsection 10461(c)(4) of this title, referred to in sub- sec. (a)(1)(B), which probably should be a reference to