21 U.S.C. § 1101 — Congressional findings

Page 926 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 1101 Sec. 1102. Congressional declaration of national policy. 1103, 1104. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER II—DRUG ABUSE POLICY COORDINATION 1111 to 1114. Repealed. 1115. Notice relating to the control of dangerous drugs. 1116 to 1155. Repealed or Omitted. SUBCHAPTER III—NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE STRATEGY 1161 to 1165. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER IV—OTHER FEDERAL PROGRAMS 1171. Drug abuse prevention function appropria- tions. 1172 to 1176. Repealed, Transferred, or Omitted. 1177. Special project grants and contracts. 1178. Records and audit. 1179. National Drug Abuse Training Center. 1180. Transferred. 1181. Contract authority. SUBCHAPTER V—NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE 1191 to 1194. Transferred or Repealed. SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS § 1101. Congressional findings The Congress makes the following findings: (1) Drug abuse is rapidly increasing in the United States and now afflicts urban, subur- ban, and rural areas of the Nation. (2) Drug abuse seriously impairs individual, as well as societal, health and well-being. (3) Drug abuse, especially heroin addiction, substantially contributes to crime. (4) The adverse impact of drug abuse inflicts increasing pain and hardship on individuals, families, and communities and undermines our institutions. (5) Too little is known about drug abuse, es- pecially the causes, and ways to treat and pre- vent drug abuse. (6) The success of Federal drug abuse pro- grams and activities requires a recognition that education, treatment, rehabilitation, re- search, training, and law enforcement efforts are interrelated. (7) The effectiveness of efforts by State and local governments and by the Federal Govern- ment to control and treat drug abuse in the United States has been hampered by a lack of coordination among the States, between States and localities, among the Federal Gov- ernment, States and localities, and through- out the Federal establishment. (8) Control of drug abuse requires the devel- opment of a comprehensive, coordinated long- term Federal strategy that encompasses both effective law enforcement against illegal drug traffic and effective health programs to reha- bilitate victims of drug abuse. (9) The increasing rate of drug abuse con- stitutes a serious and continuing threat to na- tional health and welfare, requiring an imme- diate and effective response on the part of the Federal Government. (10) Although the Congress observed a sig- nificant apparent reduction in the rate of in- crease of drug abuse during the three-year pe- riod subsequent to March 21, 1972, and in cer- tain areas of the country apparent temporary reductions in its incidence, the increase and spread of heroin consumption since 1974, and the continuing abuse of other dangerous drugs, clearly indicate the need for effective, ongo- ing, and highly visible Federal leadership in the formation and execution of a comprehen- sive, coordinated drug abuse policy. (11) Shifts in the usage of various drugs and in the Nation’s demographic composition re- quire a Federal strategy to adjust the focus of drug abuse programs to meet new needs and priorities on a cost-effective basis. (12) The growing extent of drug abuse indi- cates an urgent need for prevention and inter- vention programs designed to reach the gen- eral population and members of high risk pop- ulations such as youth, women, and the elder- ly. (13) Effective control of drug abuse requires high-level coordination of Federal inter- national and domestic activities relating to both supply of, and demand for, commonly abused drugs. (14) Local governments with high concentra- tions of drug abuse should be actively involved in the planning and coordination of efforts to combat drug abuse. (Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 101, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 94–237, § 1, Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 96–181, § 2, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1980—Pars. (11) to (14). Pub. L. 96–181 added pars. (11) to (14). 1976—Par. (10). Pub. L. 94–237 added par. (10). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 96–181, § 1(a), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1111 to 1117 and 1181 of this title, amending this section, sections 1102, 1162, 1164, 1176, 1177, 1180, and 1191 to 1193 of this title, and sections 218, 300l–2, 300m–3, and 3733 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, omitting sections 1118 to 1120 and 1131 to 1133 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1193 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note below] may be cited as the ‘Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Amendments of 1979’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–461, § 1, Oct. 14, 1978, 92 Stat. 1268, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1194 of this title, amending sections 1172, 1176, 1177, 1192, and 1193 of this title, enacting a provision set out as a note under sec- tion 1172 of this title and amending a provision set out as a note under section 242 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Amendments of 1978’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 92–255, § 1, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 65, as amend- ed by Pub. L. 96–181, § 15(a), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1316, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chapter, and amending sections 5313, 5315, and 5316 of Title 5, Gov- ernment Organization and Employees, and sections 218, 246, 257, 2684, 2688a, 2688k, 2688n–1, and 2688t of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilita- tion Act’.’’ Page 927 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS §§ 1111 to 1114 REFERENCES TO DRUG ABUSE OFFICE AND TREATMENT ACT OF 1972 Pub. L. 96–181, § 15(b), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1316, pro- vided in part that: ‘‘Whenever reference is made in any other Federal law, regulation, ruling, or order to the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972, the ref- erence shall be considered to be made to the Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act.’’ § 1102. Congressional declaration of national pol- icy The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chap- ter to focus the comprehensive resources of the Federal Government and bring them to bear on drug abuse with the objective of significantly re- ducing the incidence, as well as the social and personal costs, of drug abuse in the United States, and to develop and assure the implemen- tation of a comprehensive, coordinated long- term Federal strategy to combat drug abuse. To reach these goals, the Congress further declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to meet the problems of drug abuse through— (1) comprehensive Federal, State, and local planning for, and effective use of, Federal as- sistance to States and to community-based programs to meet the urgent needs of special populations, in coordination with all other governmental and nongovernmental sources of assistance; (2) the development and support of commu- nity-based prevention programs; (3) the development and encouragement of effective occupational prevention and treat- ment programs within the Government and in cooperation with the private sector; and (4) increased Federal commitment to re- search into the behavioral and biomedical eti- ology of, the treatment of, and the mental and physical health and social and economic con- sequences of, drug abuse. (Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 102, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 94–237, § 2, Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 96–181, § 3, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 92–255, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 65, known as the Drug Abuse Prevention, Treat- ment, and Rehabilitation Act, which comprises this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 1980—Pub. L. 96–181 inserted additional declarations of policy prescribing methods and programs by which the goals are to be reached. 1976—Pub. L. 94–237 substituted ‘‘objective of signifi- cantly reducing the incidence, as well as the social and personal costs, of drug abuse in the United States, and to develop and assure the implementation of’’ for ‘‘im- mediate objective of significantly reducing the inci- dence of drug abuse in the United States within the shortest possible period of time, and to develop’’. § 1103. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–690, title I, § 1007(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4187 Section, Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 103, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 67; Pub. L. 94–237, §§ 3, 4(a), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 241, defined ‘‘drug abuse prevention function’’, ‘‘drug traffic prevention function’’, and ‘‘drug abuse func- tion’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Jan. 21, 1989, see section 1012 of Pub. L. 100–690. § 1104. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–237, § 4(c)(1), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 244 Section, Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 104, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 67, provided, effective June 30, 1975, that the Spe- cial Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, each of the positions in the Office of Director, Deputy Director, and Assistant Director, and the National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse Prevention were abolished and former subchapter II of this chapter was repealed. SUBCHAPTER II—DRUG ABUSE POLICY COORDINATION §§ 1111 to 1114. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–690, title I, § 1007(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4187 Section 1111, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 201, as added Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1310; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1306, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2170, related to concentration of Federal effort in drug abuse prevention. A prior section 1111, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 201, as added Pub. L. 94–237, § 4(b), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 242, which provided for the establishment of the Office of Drug Abuse Policy, was omitted in the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309. Previously, the Office of Drug Abuse Policy was abolished and the functions of the Office and its Di- rector were transferred to the President by sections 3 and 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 27, 1978, as provided by Ex. Ord. No. 12045, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13347, set out as notes preceding section 101 of Title 3, The President. Another prior section 1111, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 201, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 67, which provided for the es- tablishment of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, was repealed by Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 104, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 67, eff. June 30, 1975. Section 1112, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 202, as added Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1310, related to designation of a representative to direct activities re- quired by this subchapter. A prior section 1112, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 202, as added Pub. L. 94–237, § 4(b), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 242; amended Pub. L. 95–83, title III, § 311(d), Aug. 1, 1977, 91 Stat. 398, which provided for the appointment of the Di- rector of the Office of Drug Abuse Policy, was omitted in the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309. Another prior section 1112, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 202, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 68, which provided for the appointment of a Director of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, was repealed by Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 104, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 67, eff. June 30, 1975. Section 1113, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1310, related to employment of officers and employees. A prior section 1113, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 94–237, § 4(b), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 242, which provided for the appointment and functions of Deputy Director of the Office of Drug Abuse Policy, was omitted in the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–181, § 4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309. Another prior section 1113, Pub. L. 92–255, title II, § 203, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 68, which provided for the appointment of a Deputy Director of the Special Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, was repealed by Pub. L.