10 U.S.C. § 3784 — Technical data under contracts for com-

Page 2557 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 3784 Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(i)(1)(B), (5)(A)–(C), redesignated par. (4) of section 2321(d) of this title as subsec. (d) of this section, inserted heading, substituted ‘‘subsection (a)’’ for ‘‘paragraph (1)’’ in introductory provisions, and redesignated subparagraphs (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively. Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(i)(5)(D), sub- stituted ‘‘this section’’ for ‘‘this subsection’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed im- plementation and applicability of existing law, see sec- tion 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 3783. Technical data: time for contractors to submit justifications (a) ADDITIONAL TIME TO SUBMIT JUSTIFICA- TIONS.—If a contractor or subcontractor assert- ing a use or release restriction submits to the contracting officer a written request, showing the need for additional time to comply with the requirement to justify the current validity of the asserted restriction, additional time to ade- quately permit the submission of such justifica- tion shall be provided by the contracting officer as appropriate. (b) MULTIPLE CHALLENGES; SCHEDULE OF RE- SPONSES.—If a party asserting a restriction re- ceives notices of challenges to restrictions on technical data from more than one contracting officer, and notifies each contracting officer of the existence of more than one challenge, the contracting officer initiating the first in time challenge, after consultation with the party as- serting the restriction and the other contracting officers, shall formulate a schedule of responses to each of the challenges that will afford the party asserting the restriction with an equitable opportunity to respond to each such challenge. (Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1833(g), (j), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4231, 4232.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION The text of subsec. (e) of section 2321 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(j), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2597; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(a)(5)(A)(i), (B), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 276, 277. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 3783, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 218; Pub. L. 86–616, § 2(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 387, provided for boards of review, composed of three or more officers, to be convened by Secretary of the Army, at such places as he prescribes, to review records of cases of officers recommended by boards of inquiry for removal from active list of Regular Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, § 213, title VII, § 701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981. AMENDMENTS 2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(j), transferred subsec. (e) of section 2321 of this title to this section, struck out subsec. (e) designation and heading ‘‘Time for Contrac- tors to Submit Justifications’’ at beginning, and des- ignated first and second sentences of existing provi- sions as subsecs. (a) and (b), respectively, and inserted headings. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed im- plementation and applicability of existing law, see sec- tion 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 3784. Technical data under contracts for com- mercial items: presumption of development exclusively at private expense In the case of a challenge to a use or release restriction that is asserted with respect to tech- nical data of a contractor or subcontractor under a contract for commercial products, the contracting officer shall presume that the con- tractor or subcontractor has justified the re- striction on the basis that the commercial prod- uct was developed exclusively at private ex- pense, whether or not the contractor or subcon- tractor submits a justification in response to the notice provided pursuant to section 3782(c) of this title. In such a case, the challenge to the use or release restriction may be sustained only if information provided by the Department of Defense demonstrates that the commercial prod- uct was not developed exclusively at private ex- pense. (Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1833(g), (k), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4231, 4233.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION The text of subsec. (f) of section 2321 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(k), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title VIII, § 8106(b)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3394; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, § 802(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, § 815(a)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(a)(5), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 813(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §§ 836(c)(8), 865, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1866, 1901, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, § 1081(d)(4)(B)(ii), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3874; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(28), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1921. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 3784, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 219; Pub. L. 86–616, § 2(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 387, authorized Secretary of the Army to remove an officer from active list of Regular Army if his removal is rec- ommended by a board of review and provided that deci- sion of Secretary in such a case is final and conclusive, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, § 213, title VII, § 701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981. See section 1184 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(k), transferred subsec. (f) of section 2321 of this title to this section, struck out subsec. (f) designation and heading ‘‘Presumption of Development Exclusively at Private Expense’’ at begin- ning, and substituted ‘‘section 3782(c) of this title’’ for ‘‘subsection (d)(3)’’. Page 2558 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 3785 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed im- plementation and applicability of existing law, see sec- tion 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 3785. Technical data: decision by contracting officer; claims; rights and liability upon final disposition (a) DECISION BY CONTRACTING OFFICER.— (1) Upon failure by the contractor or subcon- tractor to submit any response under section 3782(c) of this title, the contracting officer shall issue a decision pertaining to the valid- ity of the asserted restriction. (2) After review of any justification sub- mitted in response to the notice provided pur- suant to section 3782(c) of this title, the con- tracting officer shall, within 60 days of receipt of any justification submitted, issue a decision or notify the party asserting the restriction of the time within which a decision will be issued. (b) CLAIMS.—If a claim pertaining to the valid- ity of the asserted restriction is submitted in writing to a contracting officer by a contractor or subcontractor at any tier, such claim shall be considered a claim within the meaning of chap- ter 71 of title 41. (c) RIGHTS AND LIABILITY UPON FINAL DISPOSI- TION.— (1) If, upon final disposition, the contracting officer’s challenge to the use or release re- striction is sustained— (A) the restriction shall be cancelled; and (B) if the asserted restriction is found not to be substantially justified, the contractor or subcontractor asserting the restriction shall be liable to the United States for pay- ment of the cost to the United States of re- viewing the asserted restriction and the fees and other expenses (as defined in section 2412(d)(2)(A) of title 28) incurred by the United States in challenging the asserted re- striction, unless special circumstances would make such payment unjust. (2) If, upon final disposition, the contracting officer’s challenge to the use or release re- striction is not sustained— (A) the United States shall continue to be bound by the restriction; and (B) the United States shall be liable for payment to the party asserting the restric- tion for fees and other expenses (as defined in section 2412(d)(2)(A) of title 28) incurred by the party asserting the restriction in de- fending the asserted restriction if the chal- lenge by the United States is found not to be made in good faith. (Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1833(g), (l), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4231, 4233.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION The text of subsec. (g) of section 2321 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (a), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), (2), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2597; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(a)(5)(A)(i), (C), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 276, 277; Pub. L. 103–355, title VIII, § 8106(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3393. The text of subsec. (h) of section 2321 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2598; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(a)(5)(A)(i), (D), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 276, 277; Pub. L. 103–355, title VIII, § 8106(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3393; Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(b)(18), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3844. The text of subsec. (i) of section 2321 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (c), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), (3), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2598; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(a)(5)(A)(i), (E), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 276, 277; Pub. L. 103–355, title VIII, § 8106(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3393; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, 866(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, § 808(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1486. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 3785, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 219; Pub. L. 86–616, § 2(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 387, provided that each officer under consideration for re- moval from active list of Regular Army under this chapter be given written notification, at least 30 days prior to a board of inquiry hearing, that he is being re- quired to show cause for retention on active list, be al- lowed reasonable time to prepare a defense, be allowed to appear in person and by counsel at proceedings be- fore a board of inquiry, and be allowed full access to, and furnished copies of, records relevant to his case at all stages of proceeding, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, § 213, title VII, § 701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981. See section 1185 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), (2), redes- ignated subsec. (g) of section 2321 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, substituted ‘‘section 3782(c) of this title’’ for ‘‘subsection (d)(3)’’ in two places, and re- aligned margins of pars. (1) and (2). Amendment direct- ing substitution of ‘‘(1) Upon failure’’ for ‘‘(1) Upon fail- ure’’ as part of margin realignment was executed by substituting ‘‘(1) Upon failure’’ for ‘‘(1) Upon a failure’’ to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), redesignated subsec. (h) of section 2321 of this title as subsec. (b) of this section. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(3), which directed amendment of subsec. (c) of section 3786 of this title by realigning the margins of pars. (1) and (2), was executed to subsec. (c) of this section to reflect the probable in- tent of Congress. Pub. L. 116–283, § 1833(l)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) of section 2321 of this title as subsec. (c) of this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed im- plementation and applicability of existing law, see sec- tion 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 3786. Use or release restriction: definition In this subchapter, the term ‘‘use or release restriction’’, with respect to technical data de- livered to the United States under a contract subject to this section, means a restriction by the contractor or subcontractor on the right of the United States—