Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
42 U.S.C. § 1862o — Postdoctoral research fellows
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5118
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1862o
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEFINITIONS
For definitions of terms used in this section, see sec-
tion 4 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out as a note under section
1862n of this title.
§ 1862o. Postdoctoral research fellows
(a) Mentoring
The Director shall require that all grant appli-
cations
that
include
funding
to
support
postdoctoral and graduate student researchers
include a description of the mentoring activities
that will be provided for such individuals, and
shall ensure that this part of the application is
evaluated under the Foundation’s broader im-
pacts merit review criterion. The requirement
may be satisfied by providing such individuals
with access to mentors, including individuals
not listed on the award. Mentoring activities
may include career counseling, training in pre-
paring grant applications, guidance on ways to
improve teaching skills, and training in re-
search ethics.
(b) Reports
The Director shall require that annual reports
and the final report for research grants that in-
clude funding to support postdoctoral research-
ers include a description of the mentoring ac-
tivities provided to such researchers.
(Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7008, Aug. 9, 2007, 121
Stat. 680; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III,
§ 10313(a)(1)(A), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1522.)
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the America COM-
PETES Act, also known as the America Creating Op-
portunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in
Technology, Education, and Science Act, and not as
part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950
which comprises this chapter.
AMENDMENTS
2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–167 inserted ‘‘and grad-
uate student’’ after ‘‘postdo
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Page 5118
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1862o
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEFINITIONS
For definitions of terms used in this section, see sec-
tion 4 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out as a note under section
1862n of this title.
§ 1862o. Postdoctoral research fellows
(a) Mentoring
The Director shall require that all grant appli-
cations
that
include
funding
to
support
postdoctoral and graduate student researchers
include a description of the mentoring activities
that will be provided for such individuals, and
shall ensure that this part of the application is
evaluated under the Foundation’s broader im-
pacts merit review criterion. The requirement
may be satisfied by providing such individuals
with access to mentors, including individuals
not listed on the award. Mentoring activities
may include career counseling, training in pre-
paring grant applications, guidance on ways to
improve teaching skills, and training in re-
search ethics.
(b) Reports
The Director shall require that annual reports
and the final report for research grants that in-
clude funding to support postdoctoral research-
ers include a description of the mentoring ac-
tivities provided to such researchers.
(Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7008, Aug. 9, 2007, 121
Stat. 680; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III,
§ 10313(a)(1)(A), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1522.)
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the America COM-
PETES Act, also known as the America Creating Op-
portunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in
Technology, Education, and Science Act, and not as
part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950
which comprises this chapter.
AMENDMENTS
2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–167 inserted ‘‘and grad-
uate student’’ after ‘‘postdoctoral’’ and ‘‘The require-
ment may be satisfied by providing such individuals
with access to mentors, including individuals not listed
on the award.’’ after ‘‘review criterion.’’
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
REAFFIRMATION OF THE MERIT-REVIEW PROCESS OF THE
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7003, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat.
679, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this title [enacting this
section and sections 1862n–1a and 1862o–1 to 1862o–15 of
this title, amending sections 1862i, 1862l, 1862n, 1862n–1,
1862n–2, 1862n–5, 1863, 1870, and 1881a of this title, sec-
tions 5503 and 5511 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade,
and section 3801 of Title 31, Money and Finance, enact-
ing provisions set out as notes under this section and
section 1862n–2 of this title, and amending provisions
set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31] or title
I [enacting sections 6603, 6619, and 6620 of this title and
section 3718 of Title 15 and amending section 3711 of
Title 15], or the amendments made by this title or title
I, shall be interpreted to require or recommend that
the Foundation—
‘‘(1) alter or modify its merit-review system or
peer-review process; or
‘‘(2) exclude the awarding of any proposal by means
of the merit-review or peer-review process.’’
CURRICULA
Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7005, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat.
679, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this title [enacting this
section and sections 1862n–1a and 1862o–1 to 1862o–15 of
this title, amending sections 1862i, 1862l, 1862n, 1862n–1,
1862n–2, 1862n–5, 1863, 1870, and 1881a of this title, sec-
tions 5503 and 5511 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade,
and section 3801 of Title 31, Money and Finance, enact-
ing provisions set out as notes under this section and
section 1862n–2 of this title, and amending provisions
set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31], or the
amendments made by this title, shall be construed to
limit the authority of State governments or local
school boards to determine the curricula of their stu-
dents.’’
DEFINITIONS
Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7001, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat.
675, as amended by Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(i)(5),
Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2168, provided that: ‘‘In this title
[enacting this section and sections 1862n–1a and 1862o–1
to 1862o–15 of this title, amending sections 1862i, 1862l,
1862n, 1862n–1, 1862n–2, 1862n–5, 1863, 1870, and 1881a of
this title, sections 5503 and 5511 of Title 15, Commerce
and Trade, and section 3801 of Title 31, Money and Fi-
nance, enacting provisions set out as notes under this
section and section 1862n–2 of this title, and amending
provisions set out as a note under section 1113 of Title
31]:
‘‘(1) BASIC RESEARCH.—The term ‘basic research’ has
the meaning given such term in the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget circular No. A–11.
‘‘(2) BOARD.—The term ‘Board’ means the National
Science Board established under section 2 of the Na-
tional Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the Di-
rector of the Foundation.
‘‘(4) ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL.—The term ‘elementary
school’ has the meaning given such term in section
8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7801].
‘‘(5) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘Foundation’ means
the National Science Foundation.
‘‘(6) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term
‘institution of higher education’ has the meaning
given such term in section 101(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
‘‘(7) SECONDARY
SCHOOL.—The term ‘secondary
school’ has the meaning given such term in section
8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7801].’’
§ 1862o–1. Responsible conduct of research
The Director shall require that each institu-
tion that applies for financial assistance from
the Foundation for science and engineering re-
search or education describe in its grant pro-
posal a plan to provide appropriate training and
oversight in the responsible and ethical conduct
of research to undergraduate students, graduate
students, postdoctoral researchers, faculty, and
other senior personnel participating in the pro-
posed research project, including—
(1) mentor training and mentorship;
(2) training to raise awareness of potential
research security threats; and
(3) Federal export control, disclosure, and
reporting requirements.
(Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7009, Aug. 9, 2007, 121
Stat. 680; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III, § 10337,
Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1553.)
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the America COM-
PETES Act, also known as the America Creating Op-
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 185
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1001
PART A—DEFINITIONS
§ 1001. General definition of institution of higher
education
(a) Institution of higher education
For purposes of this chapter, other than sub-
chapter IV, the term ‘‘institution of higher edu-
cation’’ means an educational institution in any
State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons
having a certificate of graduation from a
school providing secondary education, or the
recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or
persons who meet the requirements of section
1091(d) of this title;
(2) is legally authorized within such State to
provide a program of education beyond sec-
ondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for
which the institution awards a bachelor’s de-
gree or provides not less than a 2-year pro-
gram that is acceptable for full credit toward
such a degree, or awards a degree that is ac-
ceptable for admission to a graduate or profes-
sional degree program, subject to review and
approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution;
and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized
accrediting agency or association, or if not so
accredited, is an institution that has been
granted preaccreditation status by such an
agency or association that has been recognized
by
the
Secretary
for
the
granting
of
preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has
determined that there is satisfactory assur-
ance that the institution will meet the accred-
itation standards of such an agency or associa-
tion within a reasonable time.
(b) Additional institutions included
For purposes of this chapter, other than sub-
chapter IV, the term ‘‘institution of higher edu-
cation’’ also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a
1-year program of tr
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1) **Average daily attendance**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided otherwise by State law or this paragraph, the term “average daily attendance” means—
(i) the aggregate number of days of attendance of all students during a school year; divided by
(ii) the number of days school is in session during that year.
(B) *Conversion* — The Secretary shall permit the conversion of average daily membership (or other similar data) to average daily attendance for local educational agencies in States that provide State aid to local educational agencies on the basis of average daily membership (or other similar data).
(C) *Special rule* — If the local educational agency in which a child resides makes a tuition or other payment for the free public education of the child in a school located in another school district, the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter—
(i) consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency making the payment; and
(ii) not consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency receiving the payment.
(D) *Children with disabilities* — If a local educational agency makes a tuition payment to a private school or to a public school of another local educational agency for a child with a disability, as defined in [section 1401 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1401&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter, consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency making the payment.
(2) **Average per-pupil expenditure** — The term “average per-pupil expenditure” means, in the case of a State or of the United States—
(A) without regard to the source o
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1615
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 7801
under this subchapter for fiscal year 2002, see section 5
of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note
under section 6301 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VIII—GENERAL PROVISIONS
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, § 8001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129
Stat. 2088, redesignated subchapter IX (§ 7801 et seq.) of
this chapter as this subchapter.
Title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act of 1965, comprising this subchapter, was
originally enacted as part of Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965,
79 Stat. 27, and subsequently revised, restated, redesig-
nated, and amended by other public laws. Title VIII is
shown, herein, as having been added as title IX of Pub.
L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, § 901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115
Stat. 1956, without reference to earlier amendments be-
cause of the extensive revision of the title’s provisions
by Pub. L. 107–110. Title IX of Pub. L. 89–10 was subse-
quently redesignated title VIII by Pub. L. 114–95, title
VIII, § 8001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, and trans-
ferred to this subchapter. See Codification note pre-
ceding section 6301 of this title.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965, comprising former subchapter
VIII (§ 7701 et seq.) of this chapter, was redesignated
title VII of the Act by Pub. L. 114–95, title VII, § 7001(c),
Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2074, and transferred to sub-
chapter VII (§ 7701 et seq.) of this chapter.
PART A—DEFINITIONS
§ 7801. Definitions
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1) Average daily attendance
(A) In general
Except as provided otherwise by State law
or this paragraph, the term ‘‘average daily
attendance’’ means—
(i) the aggregate number of days
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is established in the executive branch of the Government an independent agency to be known as the National Science Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the “Foundation”). The Foundation shall consist of a National Science Board (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) and a Director.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1861
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5076
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1861
Sec.
1862t.
Supporting veterans in STEM education and
computer science.
1862u.
NSF support of research on opioid addiction.
1862v.
National Science Foundation research.
1862w.
NSF support of research on impacts of social
media on human trafficking.
1863.
National Science Board.
1864.
Director of Foundation.
1864a.
Deputy Director of the Foundation.
1865.
Executive Committee.
1866.
Divisions within Foundation.
1867.
Repealed.
1868.
Special commissions.
1869.
Scholarships and graduate fellowships.
1869a.
Contracts for precollege science or engineer-
ing curriculum development activities; in-
spection of materials by parent or guardian.
1869b.
Issuance of instructions to grantees of pre-
college curriculum projects.
1869c.
Low-income scholarship program.
1870.
General authority of Foundation.
1870a.
Buy-American requirements.
1871.
Disposition of inventions produced under con-
tracts or other arrangements.
1872.
International cooperation and coordination
with foreign policy.
1872a.
Repealed.
1873.
Employment of personnel.
1873a.
Repealed.
1874.
Security provisions.
1875.
Appropriations.
1875a.
National Science Foundation Nonrecurring
Expenses Fund.
1876 to 1879. Repealed.
1880.
National Medal of Science.
1881.
Award of National Medal of Science.
1881a.
Alan T. Waterman Award.
1881b.
Presidential awards for teaching excellence.
1882.
Information furnished to Congressional com-
mittees.
1883.
Office of Small Business Research and Devel-
opment.
1884.
Repealed.
1885.
Congressional statement of findings and dec-
laration of policy respecting equal opportu-
nities in science and engineering.
1885a.
Women in science and engineering; support of
activit
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Mentoring** The Director shall require that all grant applications that include funding to support postdoctoral and graduate student researchers include a description of the mentoring activities that will be provided for such individuals, and shall ensure that this part of the application is evaluated under the Foundation’s broader impacts merit review criterion. The requirement may be satisfied by providing such individuals with access to mentors, including individuals not listed on the award. Mentoring activities may include career counseling, training in preparing grant applications, guidance on ways to improve teaching skills, and training in research ethics.
**(b) Reports** The Director shall require that annual reports and the final report for research grants that include funding to support postdoctoral researchers include a description of the mentoring activities provided to such researchers.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862o
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