42 U.S.C. § 13401 — Goals

Page 8573 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 13401 2 So in original. See References in Text note below. gas intensity reducing technology study re- port submitted under subsection (e)(2), and re- ports under subsection (f)(3), if any, the Com- mittee shall develop recommendations that would provide for the removal of domestic bar- riers to the commercialization and deploy- ment of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices. (2) Requirements In developing the recommendations under paragraph (1), the Committee shall consider in the aggregate— (A) the cost-effectiveness of the tech- nology; (B) fiscal and regulatory barriers; (C) statutory and other barriers; and (D) intellectual property issues. (3) Demonstration projects In developing recommendations under para- graph (1), the Committee may identify the need for climate change technology dem- onstration projects. (4) Report Not later than 18 months after August 8, 2005, the Committee shall submit to the Presi- dent and Congress a report that— (A) identifies, based on the report sub- mitted under subsection (f)(3), any barriers to, and commercial risks associated with, the deployment of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies; and (B) includes a plan for carrying out dem- onstration projects. (5) Updates The Committee shall— (A) at the time of submission of the report to Congress under paragraph (4), also make the report available to the public; and (B) update the report every 5 years, or more frequently as the Committee deter- mines to be necessary. (h) Procedures for calculating, monitoring, and analyzing greenhouse gas intensity The Secretary, in collaboration with the Com- mittee and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and after public notice and op- portunity for comment, shall develop standards and best practices for calculating, monitoring, and analyzing greenhouse gas intensity. (i) Demonstration projects (1) In general The Secretary shall, subject to the avail- ability of appropriations, support demonstra- tion projects that— (A) increase the reduction of the green- house gas intensity to levels below that which would be achieved by technologies being used in the United States as of August 8, 2005; (B) maximize the potential return on Fed- eral investment; (C) demonstrate distinct roles in public- private partnerships; (D) produce a large-scale reduction of greenhouse gas intensity if commercializa- tion occurred; and (E) support a diversified portfolio to miti- gate the uncertainty associated with a sin- gle technology. (2) Cost sharing In supporting a demonstration project under this subsection, the Secretary shall require cost-sharing in accordance with section 16352 of this title. (3) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this sub- section. (j) Cooperative research and development agree- ments In carrying out greenhouse gas intensity re- duction research and technology deployment ac- tivities under this subtitle,2 the Secretary may enter into cooperative research and development agreements under section 3710a of title 15. (Pub. L. 102–486, title XVI, § 1610, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1601, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1109.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 15801(3) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), was in the original ‘‘section 3(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005’’ and was translated as meaning sec- tion 2(3) of that Act to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because the Energy Policy Act of 2005 does not contain a section 3 and section 2(3) defines ‘‘Na- tional Laboratory’’. This subtitle, referred to in subsec. (j), appearing in the original, is unidentifiable because title XVI of Pub. L. 102–486, of which this section is a part, does not con- tain subtitles. SUBCHAPTER VIII—REDUCTION OF OIL VULNERABILITY § 13401. Goals It is the goal of the United States in carrying out energy supply and energy conservation re- search and development— (1) to strengthen national energy security by reducing dependence on imported oil; (2) to increase the efficiency of the economy by meeting future needs for energy services at the lowest total cost to the Nation, including environmental costs, giving comparable con- sideration to technologies that enhance en- ergy supply and technologies that improve the efficiency of energy end uses; (3) to reduce the air, water, and other envi- ronmental impacts (including emissions of greenhouse gases) of energy production, dis- tribution, transportation, and utilization, through the development of an environ- mentally sustainable energy system; (4) to maintain the technological competi- tiveness of the United States and stimulate economic growth through the development of advanced materials and technologies; (5) to foster international cooperation by de- veloping international markets for domesti- cally produced sustainable energy tech- nologies, and by transferring environmentally sound, advanced energy systems and tech- nologies to developing countries to promote sustainable development; Page 8574 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 13411 (6) to consider the comparative environ- mental and public health impacts of the en- ergy to be produced or saved by the specific activities; (7) to consider the obstacles inherent in pri- vate industry’s development of new energy technologies and steps necessary for estab- lishing or maintaining technological leader- ship in the area of energy and energy effi- ciency resource technologies; and (8) to consider the contribution of a given activity to fundamental scientific knowledge. (Pub. L. 102–486, title XX, § 2001, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3057.) PART A—OIL AND GAS SUPPLY ENHANCEMENT § 13411. Enhanced oil recovery (a) Program direction The Secretary shall conduct a 5-year program, in accordance with sections 13541 and 13542 of this title, on technologies to increase the recoverability of domestic oil resources to— (1) improve reservoir characterization; (2) improve analysis and field verification; (3) field test and demonstrate enhanced oil recovery processes, including advanced proc- esses, in reservoirs the Secretary considers to be of high priority, ranked primarily on the basis of oil recovery potential and risk of abandonment; (4) transfer proven recovery technologies to producers and operators of wells, including stripper wells, that would otherwise be likely to be abandoned in the near term due to de- clining production; (5) improve enhanced oil recovery process technology for more economic and efficient oil production; (6) identify and develop new recovery tech- nologies; (7) study reservoir properties and how they affect oil recovery from porous media; (8) improve techniques for meeting environ- mental requirements; (9) improve data bases of reservoir and envi- ronmental conditions; and (10) lower lifting costs on stripper wells by utilizing advanced renewable energy tech- nologies such as small wind turbines and oth- ers. (b) Program goals (1) Near-term priorities The near-term priorities of the program in- clude preserving access to high potential res- ervoirs, identifying available technologies that can extend the lifetime of wells and of stripper well property, and developing envi- ronmental field operations for waste disposal and injection practices. (2) Mid-term priorities The mid-term priorities of the program in- clude developing and testing identified but unproven technologies, and transferring those technologies for widespread use. (3) Long-term priorities The long-term priorities of the program in- clude developing advanced techniques to re- cover oil not recoverable by other techniques. (c) Accelerated program plan Within 180 days after October 24, 1992, the Sec- retary shall prepare and submit to the Congress a plan for carrying out under this section the ac- celerated field testing of technologies to achieve the priorities stated in subsection (b). In pre- paring the plan, the Secretary shall consult with appropriate representatives of industry, in- stitutions of higher education, Federal agencies, including national laboratories, and professional and technical societies, and with the Advisory Board established under section 13522 of this title. (d) Proposals Within 1 year after October 24, 1992, the Sec- retary shall solicit proposals for conducting ac- tivities under this section. (e) Consultation In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall consult representatives of the oil and gas industry with respect to innova- tive research and development proposals to im- prove oil and gas recovery and shall consider relevant technical data from industry and other research and information centers and institutes. (f) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out this section, includ- ing advanced extraction and process technology, $57,250,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $70,000,000 for fiscal year 1994. (Pub. L. 102–486, title XX, § 2011, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3057.) § 13412. Oil shale (a) Program direction The Secretary shall conduct a 5-year program, in accordance with sections 13541 and 13542 of this title, on oil shale extraction and conver- sion, including research and development on both eastern and western shales, as provided in this section. (b) Program goals The goals of the program established under this section include— (1) supporting the development of economi- cally competitive and environmentally accept- able technologies to produce domestic supplies of liquid fuels from oil shale; (2) increasing knowledge of environmentally acceptable oil shale waste disposal tech- nologies and practices; (3) increasing knowledge of the chemistry and kinetics of oil shale retorting; (4) increasing understanding of engineering issues concerning the design and scale-up of oil shale extraction and conversion tech- nologies; (5) improving techniques for oil shale mining systems; and (6) providing for cooperation with univer- sities and other private sector entities. (c) Eastern oil shale program (1) As part of the program authorized by this section, the Secretary shall carry out a program on oil shale that includes applied research, in