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42 U.S.C. § 433 — International agreements
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purpose of agreement** The President is authorized (subject to the succeeding provisions of this section) to enter into agreements establishing totalization arrangements between the social security system established by this subchapter and the social security system of any foreign country, for the purposes of establishing entitlement to and the amount of old-age, survivors, disability, or derivative benefits based on a combination of an individual’s periods of coverage under the social security system established by this subchapter and the social security system of such foreign country.
**(b) Definitions** For the purposes of this section—
(1) the term “social security system” means, with respect to a foreign country, a social insurance or pension system which is of general application in the country and under which periodic benefits, or the actuarial equivalent thereof, are paid on account of old age, death, or disability; and
(2) the term “period of coverage” means a period of payment of contributions or a period of earnings based on wages for employment or on self-employment income, or any similar period recognized as equivalent thereto under this subchapter or under the social security system of a country which is a party to an agreement entered into under this section.
**(c) Crediting periods of coverage; conditions of payment of benefits**
(1) Any agreement establishing a totalization arrangement pursuant to this section shall provide—
(A) that in the case of an individual who has at least 6 quarters of coverage as defined in [section 413 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section413&num=0&edition=prelim) and periods of coverage under the social security system of a foreign country which is a party to
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 7, § 433; chapter-007-social-security.md
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**(a) Purpose of agreement** The President is authorized (subject to the succeeding provisions of this section) to enter into agreements establishing totalization arrangements between the social security system established by this subchapter and the social security system of any foreign country, for the purposes of establishing entitlement to and the amount of old-age, survivors, disability, or derivative benefits based on a combination of an individual’s periods of coverage under the social security system established by this subchapter and the social security system of such foreign country.
**(b) Definitions** For the purposes of this section—
(1) the term “social security system” means, with respect to a foreign country, a social insurance or pension system which is of general application in the country and under which periodic benefits, or the actuarial equivalent thereof, are paid on account of old age, death, or disability; and
(2) the term “period of coverage” means a period of payment of contributions or a period of earnings based on wages for employment or on self-employment income, or any similar period recognized as equivalent thereto under this subchapter or under the social security system of a country which is a party to an agreement entered into under this section.
**(c) Crediting periods of coverage; conditions of payment of benefits**
(1) Any agreement establishing a totalization arrangement pursuant to this section shall provide—
(A) that in the case of an individual who has at least 6 quarters of coverage as defined in [section 413 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section413&num=0&edition=prelim) and periods of coverage under the social security system of a foreign country which is a party to such agreement, periods of coverage of such individual under such social security system of such foreign country may be combined with periods of coverage under this subchapter and otherwise considered for the purposes of establishing entitlement to and the amount of old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits under this subchapter;
(B)
(i) that employment or self-employment, or any service which is recognized as equivalent to employment or self-employment under this subchapter or the social security system of a foreign country which is a party to such agreement, shall, on or after the effective date of such agreement, result in a period of coverage under the system established under this subchapter or under the system established under the laws of such foreign country, but not under both, and (ii) the methods and conditions for determining under which system employment, self-employment, or other service shall result in a period of coverage; and
(C) that where an individual’s periods of coverage are combined, the benefit amount payable under this subchapter shall be based on the proportion of such individual’s periods of coverage which was completed under this subchapter.
(2) Any such agreement may provide that an individual who is entitled to cash benefits under this subchapter shall, notwithstanding the provisions of [section 402(t) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section402/t&num=0&edition=prelim), receive such benefits while he resides in a foreign country which is a party to such agreement.
(3) [Section 426 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section426&num=0&edition=prelim) shall not apply in the case of any individual to whom it would not be applicable but for this section or any agreement or regulation under this section.
(4) Any such agreement may contain other provisions which are not inconsistent with the other provisions of this subchapter and which the President deems appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.
**(d) Regulations** The Commissioner of Social Security shall make rules and regulations and establish procedures which are reasonable and necessary to implement and administer any agreement which has been entered into in accordance with this section.
**(e) Reports to Congress; effective date of agreements**
(1) Any agreement to establish a totalization arrangement entered into pursuant to this section shall be transmitted by the President to the Congress together with a report on the estimated number of individuals who will be affected by the agreement and the effect of the agreement on the estimated income and expenditures of the programs established by this chapter.
(2) Such an agreement shall become effective on any date, provided in the agreement, which occurs after the expiration of the period (following the date on which the agreement is transmitted in accordance with paragraph (1)) during which at least one House of the Congress has been in session on each of 60 days; except that such agreement shall not become effective if, during such period, either House of the Congress adopts a resolution of disapproval of the agreement.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Individuals over 65 years** Every individual who—
(1) has attained age 65, and
(2)
(A) is entitled to monthly insurance benefits under [section 402 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section402&num=0&edition=prelim), would be entitled to those benefits except that he has not filed an application therefor (or application has not been made for a benefit the entitlement to which for any individual is a condition of entitlement therefor), or would be entitled to such benefits but for the failure of another individual, who meets all the criteria of entitlement to monthly insurance benefits, to meet such criteria throughout a month, and, in conformity with regulations of the Secretary, files an application for hospital insurance benefits under part A of subchapter XVIII,
(B) is a qualified railroad retirement beneficiary, or
(C)
(i) would meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) upon filing application for the monthly insurance benefits involved if medicare qualified government employment (as defined in [section 410(p) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section410/p&num=0&edition=prelim)) were treated as employment (as defined in [section 410(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section410/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) for purposes of this subchapter, and (ii) files an application, in conformity with regulations of the Secretary, for hospital insurance benefits under part A of subchapter XVIII,
shall be entitled to hospital insurance benefits under part A of subchapter XVIII for each month for which he meets the condition specified in paragraph (2), beginning with the first month after June 1966 for which he meet
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 426
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this subchapter—
**(a) Primary insurance amount**
(1)
(A) The primary insurance amount of an individual shall (except as otherwise provided in this section) be equal to the sum of—
(i) 90 percent of the individual’s average indexed monthly earnings (determined under subsection (b)) to the extent that such earnings do not exceed the amount established for purposes of this clause by subparagraph (B),
(ii) 32 percent of the individual’s average indexed monthly earnings to the extent that such earnings exceed the amount established for purposes of clause (i) but do not exceed the amount established for purposes of this clause by subparagraph (B), and
(iii) 15 percent of the individual’s average indexed monthly earnings to the extent that such earnings exceed the amount established for purposes of clause (ii),
rounded, if not a multiple of $0.10, to the next lower multiple of $0.10, and thereafter increased as provided in subsection (i).
(B)
(i) For individuals who initially become eligible for old-age or disability insurance benefits, or who die (before becoming eligible for such benefits), in the calendar year 1979, the amount established for purposes of clause (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be $180 and $1,085, respectively.
(ii) For individuals who initially become eligible for old-age or disability insurance benefits, or who die (before becoming eligible for such benefits), in any calendar year after 1979, each of the amounts so established shall equal the product of the corresponding amount established with respect to the calendar year 1979 under clause (i) of this subparagraph and the quotient obtained by dividing—
(I) the national average wage index (as defined in [section 409(k)(1) of this title]
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 415
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund** There is hereby created on the books of the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the “Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund”. The Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund shall consist of the securities held by the Secretary of the Treasury for the Old-Age Reserve Account and the amount standing to the credit of the Old-Age Reserve Account on the books of the Treasury on January 1, 1940, which securities and amount the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to transfer to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, and, in addition, such gifts and bequests as may be made as provided in subsection (i)(1), and such amounts as may be appropriated to, or deposited in, the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund as hereinafter provided. There is hereby appropriated to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, and for each fiscal year thereafter, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, amounts equivalent to 100 per centum of—
(1) the taxes (including interest, penalties, and additions to the taxes) received under subchapter A of chapter 9 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 (and covered into the Treasury) which are deposited into the Treasury by collectors of internal revenue before January 1, 1951; and
(2) the taxes certified each month by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue as taxes received under subchapter A of chapter 9 of such Code which are deposited into the Treasury by collectors of internal revenue after December 31, 1950, and before January 1, 1953, with respect to assessments of such taxes made before January 1, 1951; and
(3) the taxes imposed by
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** For the purposes of this subchapter—
(1) The term “quarter”, and the term “calendar quarter”, mean a period of three calendar months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30, or December 31.
(2)
(A) The term “quarter of coverage” means—
(i) for calendar years before 1978, and subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B), a quarter in which an individual has been paid $50 or more in wages (except wages for agricultural labor paid after 1954) or for which he has been credited (as determined under [section 412 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section412&num=0&edition=prelim)) with $100 or more of self-employment income; and
(ii) for calendar years after 1977, and subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B), each portion of the total of the wages paid and the self-employment income credited (pursuant to [section 412 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section412&num=0&edition=prelim)) to an individual in a calendar year which equals the amount required for a quarter of coverage in that calendar year (as determined under subsection (d)), with such quarter of coverage being assigned to a specific calendar quarter in such calendar year only if necessary in the case of any individual who has attained age 62 or died or is under a disability and the requirements for insured status in subsection (a) or (b) of [section 414 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section414&num=0&edition=prelim), the requirements for entitlement to a computation or recomputation of his primary insurance amount, or the requirements of paragraph (3) of [section 416(i) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 413
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance** In addition to other taxes, there shall be imposed for each taxable year, on the self-employment income of every individual, a tax equal to 12.4 percent of the amount of the self-employment income for such taxable year.
**(b) Hospital insurance**
(1) **In general** — In addition to the tax imposed by the preceding subsection, there shall be imposed for each taxable year, on the self-employment income of every individual, a tax equal to 2.9 percent of the amount of the self-employment income for such taxable year.
(2) **Additional tax**
(A) *In general* — In addition to the tax imposed by paragraph (1) and the preceding subsection, there is hereby imposed on every taxpayer (other than a corporation, estate, or trust) for each taxable year beginning after December 31, 2012, a tax equal to 0.9 percent of the self-employment income for such taxable year which is in excess of—
(i) in the case of a joint return, $250,000,
(ii) in the case of a married taxpayer (as defined in section 7703) filing a separate return, ½ of the dollar amount determined under clause (i), and
(iii) in any other case, $200,000.
(B) *Coordination with FICA* — The amounts under clause (i), (ii), or (iii) (whichever is applicable) of subparagraph (A) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of wages taken into account in determining the tax imposed under section 3121(b)(2) with respect to the taxpayer.
**(c) Relief from taxes in cases covered by certain international agreements** During any period in which there is in effect an agreement entered into pursuant to section 233 of the Social Security Act with any foreign country, the self-employment income of an individual shall be exempt from the taxes imposed by this
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Net earnings from self-employment** The term “net earnings from self-employment” means the gross income derived by an individual from any trade or business carried on by such individual, less the deductions allowed by this subtitle which are attributable to such trade or business, plus his distributive share (whether or not distributed) of income or loss described in section 702(a)(8) from any trade or business carried on by a partnership of which he is a member; except that in computing such gross income and deductions and such distributive share of partnership ordinary income or loss—
(1) there shall be excluded rentals from real estate and from personal property leased with the real estate (including such rentals paid in crop shares, and including payments under section 1233(a)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ([16 U.S.C. 3833(a)(2)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section3833/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim)) to individuals receiving benefits under section 202 or 223 of the Social Security Act) together with the deductions attributable thereto, unless such rentals are received in the course of a trade or business as a real estate dealer; except that the preceding provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any income derived by the owner or tenant of land if (A) such income is derived under an arrangement, between the owner or tenant and another individual, which provides that such other individual shall produce agricultural or horticultural commodities (including livestock, bees, poultry, and fur-bearing animals and wildlife) on such land, and that there shall be material participation by the owner or tenant (as determined without regard to any activities of an agent of such owner or tenant) in the production or the manag
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance** In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of every individual a tax equal to 6.2 percent of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) received by the individual with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)).
**(b) Hospital insurance**
(1) **In general** — In addition to the tax imposed by the preceding subsection, there is hereby imposed on the income of every individual a tax equal to 1.45 percent of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) received by him with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)).
(2) **Additional tax** — In addition to the tax imposed by paragraph (1) and the preceding subsection, there is hereby imposed on every taxpayer (other than a corporation, estate, or trust) a tax equal to 0.9 percent of wages which are received with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)) during any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2012, and which are in excess of—
(A) in the case of a joint return, $250,000,
(B) in the case of a married taxpayer (as defined in section 7703) filing a separate return, ½ of the dollar amount determined under subparagraph (A), and
(C) in any other case, $200,000.
**(c) Relief from taxes in cases covered by certain international agreements** During any period in which there is in effect an agreement entered into pursuant to section 233 of the Social Security Act with any foreign country, wages received by or paid to an individual shall be exempt from the taxes imposed by this section to the extent that such wages are subject under such agreement exclusively to the laws applicable to the social security system of such foreign country.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 3101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance** In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on every employer an excise tax, with respect to having individuals in his employ, equal to 6.2 percent of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) paid by the employer with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)).
**(b) Hospital insurance** In addition to the tax imposed by the preceding subsection, there is hereby imposed on every employer an excise tax, with respect to having individuals in his employ, equal to 1.45 percent of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) paid by the employer with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)).
**(c) Relief from taxes in cases covered by certain international agreements** During any period in which there is in effect an agreement entered into pursuant to section 233 of the Social Security Act with any foreign country, wages received by or paid to an individual shall be exempt from the taxes imposed by this section to the extent that such wages are subject under such agreement exclusively to the laws applicable to the social security system of such foreign country.
**(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(b)(34), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1204]**
**(e) Credit for employment of qualified veterans**
(1) **In general** — If a qualified tax-exempt organization hires a qualified veteran with respect to whom a credit would be allowable under section 38 by reason of section 51 if the organization were not a qualified tax-exempt organization, then there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by subsection (a) on wages paid with respect to employment of all employees of the organization during the applicable period an amount equal to the credit determined under section 51
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 3111
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Old-age insurance benefits** Every individual who—
(1) is a fully insured individual (as defined in [section 414(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section414/a&num=0&edition=prelim)),
(2) has attained age 62, and
(3) has filed application for old-age insurance benefits or was entitled to disability insurance benefits for the month preceding the month in which he attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title),
shall be entitled to an old-age insurance benefit for each month, beginning with—
(A) in the case of an individual who has attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title), the first month in which such individual meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), or
(B) in the case of an individual who has attained age 62, but has not attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title), the first month throughout which such individual meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) (if in that month he meets the criterion specified in paragraph (3)),
and ending with the month preceding the month in which he dies. Except as provided in subsection (q) and subsection (w), such individual’s old-age insurance benefit for any month shall be equal to his primary insurance amount (as defined in [section 415(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section415/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) for such month.
**(b) Wife’s insurance benefits**
(1) The wife (as defined in [section 416(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section416/b&num=0&edition=prelim)) and every divorced wife (as defined in [section 416(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this subchapter—
**(a) Employment** The term “employment” means any service performed after 1936 and prior to 1951 which was employment for the purposes of this subchapter under the law applicable to the period in which such service was performed, and any service, of whatever nature, performed after 1950 (A) by an employee for the person employing him, irrespective of the citizenship or residence of either, (i) within the United States, or (ii) on or in connection with an American vessel or American aircraft under a contract of service which is entered into within the United States or during the performance of which and while the employee is employed on the vessel or aircraft it touches at a port in the United States, if the employee is employed on and in connection with such vessel or aircraft when outside the United States, or (B) outside the United States by a citizen or resident of the United States as an employee (i) of an American employer (as defined in subsection (e) of this section), or (ii) of a foreign affiliate (as defined in section 3121(l)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) of an American employer during any period for which there is in effect an agreement, entered into pursuant to section 3121(l) of such Code, with respect to such affiliate, or (C) if it is service, regardless of where or by whom performed, which is designated as employment or recognized as equivalent to employment under an agreement entered into under [section 433 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section433&num=0&edition=prelim); except that, in the case of service performed after 1950, such term shall not include—
(1) Service performed by foreign agricultural workers lawfully admitted to the United States fro
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 410
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