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28 U.S.C. § 377 — Retirement of bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Retirement Based on Years of Service.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies and who retires from office after attaining the age of 65 years and serving at least 14 years, whether continuously or otherwise, as such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, during the remainder of the judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to the salary being received at the time the judge or magistrate judge leaves office.
**(b) Retirement Upon Failure of Reappointment.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies, who is not reappointed following the expiration of the term of office of such judge or magistrate judge, and who retires upon the completion of the term shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, upon attaining the age of 65 years and during the remainder of such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to that portion of the salary being received at the time the judge or magistrate judge leaves office which the aggregate number of years of service, not to exceed 14, bears to 14, if—
(1) such judge or magistrate judge has served at least 1 full term as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge, and
(2) not earlier than 9 months before the date on which the term of office of such judge or magistrate judge expires, and not later than 6 months before such date, such judge or magistrate judge notified the appointing authority in writing that such judge or magistrate judge was willing to accept reappointment to the position in which such judge or magistrate judge was serving.
For purposes of this subsection, in the case of a bankruptcy judge, the written notice required by paragraph (2) shall be given to th
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 17, § 377; chapter-017-resignation-and-retirement-of-justices-and-judges.md
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**(a) Retirement Based on Years of Service.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies and who retires from office after attaining the age of 65 years and serving at least 14 years, whether continuously or otherwise, as such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, during the remainder of the judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to the salary being received at the time the judge or magistrate judge leaves office.
**(b) Retirement Upon Failure of Reappointment.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies, who is not reappointed following the expiration of the term of office of such judge or magistrate judge, and who retires upon the completion of the term shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, upon attaining the age of 65 years and during the remainder of such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to that portion of the salary being received at the time the judge or magistrate judge leaves office which the aggregate number of years of service, not to exceed 14, bears to 14, if—
(1) such judge or magistrate judge has served at least 1 full term as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge, and
(2) not earlier than 9 months before the date on which the term of office of such judge or magistrate judge expires, and not later than 6 months before such date, such judge or magistrate judge notified the appointing authority in writing that such judge or magistrate judge was willing to accept reappointment to the position in which such judge or magistrate judge was serving.
For purposes of this subsection, in the case of a bankruptcy judge, the written notice required by paragraph (2) shall be given to the chief judge of the circuit in which such bankruptcy judge is serving and, in the case of a magistrate judge, such notice shall be given to the chief judge of the district court in which the magistrate judge is serving.
**(c) Service of at Least 8 Years.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies and who retires after serving at least 8 years, whether continuously or otherwise, as such a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, upon attaining the age of 65 years and during the remainder of the judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to that portion of the salary being received at the time the judge or magistrate judge leaves office which the aggregate number of years of service, not to exceed 14, bears to 14. Such annuity shall be reduced by ⅙ of 1 percent for each full month such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge was under the age of 65 at the time the judge or magistrate judge left office, except that such reduction shall not exceed 20 percent.
**(d) Retirement for Disability.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies, who has served at least 5 years, whether continuously or otherwise, as such a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge, and who retires or is removed from office upon the sole ground of mental or physical disability shall, subject to subsection (f), be entitled to receive, during the remainder of the judge’s or magistrate judge’s lifetime, an annuity equal to 40 percent of the salary being received at the time of retirement or removal or, in the case of a judge or magistrate judge who has served for at least 10 years, an amount equal to that proportion of the salary being received at the time of retirement or removal which the aggregate number of years of service, not to exceed 14, bears to 14.
**(e) Cost-of-Living Adjustments.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is entitled to an annuity under this section is also entitled to a cost-of-living adjustment in such annuity, calculated and payable in the same manner as adjustments under [section 8340(b) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8340/b&num=0&edition=prelim), except that any such annuity, as increased under this subsection, may not exceed the salary then payable for the position from which the judge or magistrate judge retired or was removed.
**(f) Election; Annuity in Lieu of Other Annuities.—** A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall be entitled to an annuity under this section if the judge or magistrate judge elects an annuity under this section by notifying the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to receive an annuity under this section shall not be entitled to receive 11 So in original. Probably should be “receive—”.
(1) any annuity to which such judge or magistrate judge would otherwise have been entitled under subchapter III of chapter 83, or under chapter 84 (except for subchapters III and VII), of title 5, for service performed as such a judge or magistrate judge or otherwise;
(2) an annuity or salary in senior status or retirement under section 371 or 372 of this title;
(3) retired pay under section 7447 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
(4) retired pay under [section 7296 of title 38](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7296&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(g) Calculation of Service.—**
(1) For purposes of calculating an annuity under this section—
(A) full-time service as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge to whom this section applies may be credited; and
(B) each month of service shall be credited as one-twelfth of a year, and the fractional part of any month shall not be credited.
(2)
(A) In the case of an individual who is a bankruptcy judge to whom this section applies and who retires under this section or who is removed from office under subsection (d) upon the sole ground of mental or physical disability, any service of that individual as a United States magistrate judge to whom this section applies, and any service of that individual as a full-time judicial officer who performed the duties of a magistrate judge and a bankruptcy judge at the same time, shall be included for purposes of calculating years of service under subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d), as the case may be.
(B) In the case of an individual who is a magistrate judge to whom this section applies and who retires under this section or who is removed from office under subsection (d) upon the sole ground of mental or physical disability, any service of that individual as a bankruptcy judge to whom this section applies, and any service of that individual as a full-time judicial officer who performed the duties of magistrate judge and a bankruptcy judge at the same time, shall be included for purposes of calculating years of service under subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d), as the case may be.
**(h) Covered Positions and Service.—** This section applies to—
(1) any bankruptcy judge appointed under—
(A) [section 152 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section152&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act before the repeal of that Act by section 401 of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2682); or
(C) section 404 of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549); and
(2) any United States magistrate judge appointed under [section 631 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section631&num=0&edition=prelim),
only with respect to service on or after October 1, 1979, as such a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge.
**(i) Payments Pursuant to Court Order.—**
(1) Payments under this section which would otherwise be made to a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge based upon his or her service shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation. Any payment under this paragraph to a person bars recovery by any other person.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall apply only to payments made by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts after the date of receipt by the Director of written notice of such decree, order, or agreement, and such additional information as the Director may prescribe.
(3) As used in this subsection, the term “court” means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian tribal court or courts of Indian offense.
**(j) Deductions, Contributions, and Deposits.—**
(1) **Deductions.—** — Beginning with the next pay period after the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts receives a notice under subsection (f) that a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge has elected an annuity under this section, the Director shall deduct and withhold 1 percent of the salary of such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge. Amounts shall be so deducted and withheld in a manner determined by the Director. Amounts deducted and withheld under this subsection shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund. Deductions under this subsection from the salary of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall terminate upon the retirement of the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge or upon completing 14 years of service for which contributions under this section have been made, whether continuously or otherwise, as calculated under subsection (g), whichever occurs first.
(2) **Consent to Deductions; Discharge of Claims.—** — Each bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who makes an election under subsection (f) shall be deemed to consent and agree to the deductions from salary which are made under paragraph (1). Payment of such salary less such deductions (and any deductions made under [section 376 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section376&num=0&edition=prelim)) is a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands for all services rendered by such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge during the period covered by such payment, except the right to those benefits to which the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge is entitled under this section (and section 376).
**(k) Deposits for Prior Service.—** Each bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who makes an election under subsection (f) may deposit, for service performed before such election for which contributions may be made under this section, an amount equal to 1 percent of the salary received for that service. Credit for any period covered by that service may not be allowed for purposes of an annuity under this section until a deposit under this subsection has been made for that period.
**(l) Individual Retirement Records.—** The amounts deducted and withheld under subsection (j), and the amounts deposited under subsection (k), shall be credited to individual accounts in the name of each bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge from whom such amounts are received, for credit to the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund.
**(m) Annuities Affected in Certain Cases.—**
(1) **Practicing law after retirement.—**
(A) *Forfeiture of annuity.—* — Subject to subparagraph (B), any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who retires under this section and who thereafter practices law shall forfeit all rights to an annuity under this section for all periods beginning on or after the first day on which he or she so practices law.
(B) *Forfeiture not to apply where individual elects to freeze amount of annuity.—*
(i) If a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge makes an election to practice law after retirement under this section—
(I) subparagraph (A) shall not apply to such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge beginning on the date such election takes effect, and
(II) the annuity payable under this section to such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge, for periods beginning on or after the date such election takes effect, shall be equal to the annuity to which such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge is entitled on the day before such effective date.
(ii) An election under clause (i)—
(I) may be made by a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge eligible for retirement under this section, and
(II) shall be filed with the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
Such an election, once it takes effect, shall be irrevocable.
(iii) Any election under this subparagraph shall take effect on the first day of the first month following the month in which the election is made.
(2) **Recall not permitted.—** — Any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who retires under this section and who thereafter practices law shall not be eligible for recall under section 155(b), 375, or 636(h) of this title.
(3) **Accepting other employment.—** — Any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who retires under this section and thereafter accepts compensation for civil office or employment under the United States Government (other than for the performance of functions as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge under section 155(b), 375, or 636(h) of this title) shall forfeit all rights to an annuity under this section for the period for which such compensation is received. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “compensation” includes retired pay or salary received in retired status.
**(n) Lump-Sum Payments.—**
(1) **Eligibility.—**
(A) Subject to paragraph (2), an individual who serves as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge and—
(i) who leaves office and is not reappointed as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge for at least 31 consecutive days;
(ii) who files an application with the Administrative Office of the United States Courts for payment of the lump-sum credit;
(iii) is not serving as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge at the time of filing of the application; and
(iv) will not become eligible to receive an annuity under this section within 31 days after filing the application;
is entitled to be paid the lump-sum credit. Payment of the lump-sum credit voids all rights to an annuity under this section based on the service on which the lump-sum credit is based, until that individual resumes office as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge.
(B) Lump-sum benefits authorized by subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph shall be paid to the person or persons surviving the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge and alive on the date title to the payment arises, in the order of precedence set forth in subsection (o) of [section 376 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section376&num=0&edition=prelim), and in accordance with the last two sentences of that subsection. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “judicial official” as used in subsection (o) of section 376 shall be deemed to mean “bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge”.
(C) If a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge dies before receiving an annuity under this section, the lump-sum credit shall be paid.
(D) If all annuity rights under this section based on the service of a deceased bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge terminate before the total annuity paid equals the lump-sum credit, the difference shall be paid.
(E) If a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is receiving an annuity under this section dies, annuity accrued and unpaid shall be paid.
(F) Annuity accrued and unpaid on the termination, except by death, of the annuity of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge shall be paid to that individual.
(G) Subject to paragraph (2), a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who forfeits rights to an annuity under subsection (m)(3) before the total annuity paid equals the lump-sum credit, shall be entitled to be paid the difference if the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge files an application with the Administrative Office of the United States Courts for payment of that difference. A payment under this subparagraph voids all rights to an annuity on which the payment is based.
(2) **Spouses and former spouses.—**
(A) Payment of the lump-sum credit under paragraph (1)(A) or a payment under paragraph (1)(G)—
(i) may be made only if any current spouse and any former spouse of the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge are notified of the bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s application; and
(ii) shall be subject to the terms of a court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation or any court or court approved property settlement agreement incident to such decree, if—
(I) the decree, order, or agreement expressly relates to any portion of the lump-sum credit or other payment involved; and
(II) payment of the lump-sum credit or other payment would extinguish entitlement of the bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s spouse or former spouse to any portion of an annuity under subsection (i).
(B) Notification of a spouse or former spouse under this paragraph shall be made in accordance with such requirements as the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall by regulation prescribe. The Director may provide under such regulations that subparagraph (A)(i) may be waived with respect to a spouse or former spouse if the bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge establishes to the satisfaction of the Director that the whereabouts of such spouse or former spouse cannot be determined.
(C) The Director shall prescribe regulations under which this paragraph shall be applied in any case in which the Director receives two or more orders or decrees described in subparagraph (A).
(3) **Definition.—** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “lump-sum credit” means the unrefunded amount consisting of—
(A) retirement deductions made under this section from the salary of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge;
(B) amounts deposited under subsection (k) by a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge covering earlier service; and
(C) interest on the deductions and deposits which, for any calendar year, shall be equal to the overall average yield to the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund during the preceding fiscal year from all obligations purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury during such fiscal year under subsection (o);
but does not include interest—
(i) if the service covered thereby aggregates 1 year or less; or
(ii) for the fractional part of a month in the total service.
**(o) Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund.—**
(1) **Establishment.—** — There is established in the Treasury a fund which shall be known as the “Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund”. The Fund is appropriated for the payment of annuities, refunds, and other payments under this section.
(2) **Investment of fund.—** — The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest, in interest bearing securities of the United States, such currently available portions of the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund as are not immediately required for payments from the Fund. The income derived from these investments constitutes a part of the Fund.
(3) **Unfunded liability.—**
(A) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund amounts required to reduce to zero the unfunded liability of the Fund.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “unfunded liability” means the estimated excess, determined on an annual basis in accordance with the provisions of [section 9503 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section9503&num=0&edition=prelim), of the present value of all benefits payable from the Judicial Officers’ Retirement Fund over the sum of—
(i) the present value of deductions to be withheld under this section from the future basic pay of bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges; plus
(ii) the balance in the Fund as of the date the unfunded liability is determined.
In making any determination under this subparagraph, the Comptroller General shall use the applicable information contained in the reports filed pursuant to [section 9503 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section9503&num=0&edition=prelim), with respect to the retirement annuities provided for in this section.
(C) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this paragraph.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** For purposes of this section—
(1) The term “Tax Court” means the United States Tax Court.
(2) The term “judge” means the chief judge or a judge of the Tax Court; but such term does not include any individual performing judicial duties pursuant to subsection (c).
(3) In any determination of length of service as judge there shall be included all periods (whether or not consecutive) during which an individual served as judge, as judge of the Tax Court of the United States, or as a member of the Board of Tax Appeals.
**(b) Retirement**
(1) Any judge shall retire upon attaining the age of 70.
(2) Any judge who meets the age and service requirements set forth in the following table may retire: The judge has attained age:And the years of service as a judge are at least: 6515 6614 6713 6812 6911 7010.
(3) Any judge who is not reappointed following the expiration of the term of his office may retire upon the completion of such term, if (A) he has served as a judge of the Tax Court for 15 years or more and (B) not earlier than 9 months preceding the date of the expiration of the term of his office and not later than 6 months preceding such date, he advised the President in writing that he was willing to accept reappointment to the Tax Court.
(4) Any judge who becomes permanently disabled from performing his duties shall retire.
[Section 8335(a) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8335/a&num=0&edition=prelim) of the United States Code (relating to automatic separation from the service) shall not apply in respect of judges. Any judge who retires shall be designated “senior judge”.
**(c) Recalling of retired judges** At or after his retirement, any individual who has elected to receive retired pay under
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Repealed. Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, § 1501(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.]
**(b)** This chapter does not prevent a Government pension plan from using the services of an enrolled actuary employed by an agency administering the plan.
**(c)** The requirements of this section are satisfied with respect to the Thrift Savings Plan described under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, by preparation and transmission of the report described under section 8439(b) of such title.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In each judicial district, the bankruptcy judges in regular active service shall constitute a unit of the district court to be known as the bankruptcy court for that district. Each bankruptcy judge, as a judicial officer of the district court, may exercise the authority conferred under this chapter with respect to any action, suit, or proceeding and may preside alone and hold a regular or special session of the court, except as otherwise provided by law or by rule or order of the district court.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purposes of this section—
(1) “judicial official” means:
(A) a Justice or judge of the United States, as defined by [section 451 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) a judge of the District Court of Guam, the District Court of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the District Court of the Virgin Islands;
(C) a Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, after he or she has filed a waiver under subsection (a) of [section 611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section611&num=0&edition=prelim);
(D) a Director of the Federal Judicial Center, after he or she has filed a waiver under subsection (a) of [section 627 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section627&num=0&edition=prelim);
(E) a Counselor to the Chief Justice of the United States, after he or she has filed a waiver in accordance with both subsection (a) of section 677 and subsection (a) of [section 611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section611&num=0&edition=prelim);
(F) a full-time bankruptcy judge or a full-time United States magistrate judge; or
(G) a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims;
who notifies the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in writing of his or her intention to come within the purview of this section within six months after (i) the date upon which he or she takes office, (ii) the date upon which he or she marries, (iii) January 1, 1977, (iv) October 1, 1986, (v) the date of the enactment of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrate
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The judges of each United States district court and the district courts of the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands shall appoint United States magistrate judges in such numbers and to serve at such locations within the judicial districts as the Judicial Conference may determine under this chapter. In the case of a magistrate judge appointed by the district court of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, this chapter shall apply as though the court appointing such a magistrate judge were a United States district court. Where there is more than one judge of a district court, the appointment, whether an original appointment or a reappointment, shall be by the concurrence of a majority of all the judges of such district court, and when there is no such concurrence, then by the chief judge. Where the conference deems it desirable, a magistrate judge may be designated to serve in one or more districts adjoining the district for which he is appointed. Such a designation shall be made by the concurrence of a majority of the judges of each of the district courts involved and shall specify the duties to be performed by the magistrate judge in the adjoining district or districts.
**(b)** No individual may be appointed or reappointed to serve as a magistrate judge under this chapter unless:
(1) He has been for at least five years a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Territory of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands of the United States, except that an individual who does not meet the bar membership requirements of this paragraph may be appointed and serve as a part-time magistrate judge if the appo
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) A bankruptcy judge or a United States magistrate judge appointed under chapter 43 of this title, who has retired under the provisions of [section 377 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section377&num=0&edition=prelim) or under the applicable provisions of title 5 upon attaining the age and years of service requirements established in [section 371(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section371/c&num=0&edition=prelim), may agree to be recalled to serve under this section for a period of five years as a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge, as the case may be, upon certification that substantial service is expected to be performed by such retired judge or magistrate judge during such 5-year period. With the agreement of the judge or magistrate judge involved, a certification under this subsection may be renewed for successive 5-year periods.
(2) For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, a certification may be made, in the case of a bankruptcy judge or a United States magistrate,11 So in original. Probably should be “United States magistrate judge,”. by the judicial council of the circuit in which the official duty station of the judge or magistrate at the time of retirement was located.
(3) For purposes of this section, the term “bankruptcy judge” means a bankruptcy judge appointed under chapter 6 of this title or serving as a bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984.
**(b)** A judge or magistrate judge recalled under this section may exercise all of the powers and duties of the office of judge or magistrate judge held at the time of retirement, including the ability to serve in any other judicial district to the extent applicable, but may not engage in the
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For purposes of this section:
(1) The term “Court” means the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.
(2) The term “judge” means a judge of the Court.
**(b)**
(1) A judge who meets the age and service requirements set forth in the following table may retire: The judge has attained age:And the years of service as a judge are at least 6515 6614 6713 6812 6911 7010
(2) A judge who is not reappointed following the expiration of the term for which appointed may retire upon the completion of that term if the judge has served as a judge of the Court for 15 years or more.
(3) A judge who becomes permanently disabled and as a result of that disability is unable to perform the duties of the office shall retire.
**(c)**
(1)
(A) A judge who is appointed on or after the date of the enactment of the Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act of 2008 and who retires under subsection (b) and elects under subsection (d) to receive retired pay under this subsection shall (except as provided in paragraph (2)) receive retired pay as follows:
(i) In the case of a judge who is a recall-eligible retired judge under [section 7257 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7257&num=0&edition=prelim), the retired pay of the judge shall (subject to [section 7257(d)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7257/d/2&num=0&edition=prelim)) be the rate of pay applicable to that judge at the time of retirement, as adjusted from time to time under subsection (f)(3).
(ii) In the case of a judge other than a recall-eligible retired judge, the retired pay of the judge shall be the rate of pay applicable to that judge at the time of retirement.
(B) A judge who retired befo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 7296
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Each bankruptcy judge to be appointed for a judicial district, as provided in paragraph (2), shall be appointed by the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such district is located. Such appointments shall be made after considering the recommendations of the Judicial Conference submitted pursuant to subsection (b). Each bankruptcy judge shall be appointed for a term of fourteen years, subject to the provisions of subsection (e). However, upon the expiration of the term, a bankruptcy judge may, with the approval of the judicial council of the circuit, continue to perform the duties of the office until the earlier of the date which is 180 days after the expiration of the term or the date of the appointment of a successor. Bankruptcy judges shall serve as judicial officers of the United States district court established under Article III of the Constitution.
(2) The bankruptcy judges appointed pursuant to this section shall be appointed for the several judicial districts as follows: DistrictsJudges Alabama: Northern5 Middle2 Southern2 Alaska2 Arizona7 Arkansas: Eastern and Western3 California: Northern9 Eastern6 Central21 Southern4 Colorado5 Connecticut3 Delaware1 District of Columbia1 Florida: Northern1 Middle8 Southern5 Georgia: Northern8 Middle3 Southern2 Hawaii1 Idaho2 Illinois: Northern10 Central3 Southern1 Indiana: Northern3 Southern4 Iowa: Northern2 Southern2 Kansas4 Kentucky: Eastern2 Western3 Louisiana: Eastern2 Middle1 Western3 Maine2 Maryland4 Massachusetts5 Michigan: Eastern4 Western3 Minnesota4 Mississippi: Northern1 Southern2 Missouri: Eastern3 Western3 Montana1 Nebraska2 Nevada3 New Hampshire1 New Jersey8 New Mexico2 New York: Northern2 Southern9 Eastern6 Western3 North Carolina: Eastern2 Middle2 Western2 North Dakota1
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 152
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A bankruptcy judge may be transferred to serve temporarily as a bankruptcy judge in any judicial district other than the judicial district for which such bankruptcy judge was appointed upon the approval of the judicial council of each of the circuits involved.
**(b)** A bankruptcy judge who has retired may, upon consent, be recalled to serve as a bankruptcy judge in any judicial district by the judicial council of the circuit within which such district is located. Upon recall, a bankruptcy judge may receive a salary for such service in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Judicial Conference of the United States, subject to the restrictions on the payment of an annuity in [section 377 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section377&num=0&edition=prelim) or in subchapter III of chapter 83, and chapter 84, of title 5 which are applicable to such judge.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 155
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