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42 U.S.C. § 242 — Studies and investigations on use and misuse of narcotic drugs and other drugs; annual report to Attorney General; cooperation with States
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** In carrying out the purposes of [section 241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section241&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to drugs the use or misuse of which might result in drug abuse or dependency, the studies and investigations authorized therein shall include the use and misuse of narcotic drugs and other drugs. Such studies and investigations shall further include the quantities of crude opium, coca leaves, and their salts, derivatives, and preparations, and other drugs subject to control under the Controlled Substances Act [[21 U.S.C. 801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act [[21 U.S.C. 951](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section951&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], together with reserves thereof, necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States. The results of studies and investigations of the quantities of narcotic drugs or other drugs subject to control under such Acts, together with reserves of such drugs, that are necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States, shall be reported not later than the first day of April of each year to the Attorney General, to be used at his discretion in determining manufacturing quotas or importation requirements under such Acts.
**(b)** The Surgeon General shall cooperate with States for the purpose of aiding them to solve their narcotic drug problems and shall give authorized representatives of the States the benefit of his experience in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of narcotic addicts to
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-242-studies-and-investigations-on-use-and-misuse-of-narcotic-drugs-and-other--da6a8acce8.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 6A, § 242; chapter-6a-public-health-service.md
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**(a)** In carrying out the purposes of [section 241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section241&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to drugs the use or misuse of which might result in drug abuse or dependency, the studies and investigations authorized therein shall include the use and misuse of narcotic drugs and other drugs. Such studies and investigations shall further include the quantities of crude opium, coca leaves, and their salts, derivatives, and preparations, and other drugs subject to control under the Controlled Substances Act [[21 U.S.C. 801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act [[21 U.S.C. 951](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section951&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], together with reserves thereof, necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States. The results of studies and investigations of the quantities of narcotic drugs or other drugs subject to control under such Acts, together with reserves of such drugs, that are necessary to supply the normal and emergency medicinal and scientific requirements of the United States, shall be reported not later than the first day of April of each year to the Attorney General, to be used at his discretion in determining manufacturing quotas or importation requirements under such Acts.
**(b)** The Surgeon General shall cooperate with States for the purpose of aiding them to solve their narcotic drug problems and shall give authorized representatives of the States the benefit of his experience in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of narcotic addicts to the end that each State may be encouraged to provide adequate facilities and methods for the care and treatment of its narcotic addicts.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress makes the following findings and declarations:
(1) Many of the drugs included within this subchapter have a useful and legitimate medical purpose and are necessary to maintain the health and general welfare of the American people.
(2) The illegal importation, manufacture, distribution, and possession and improper use of controlled substances have a substantial and detrimental effect on the health and general welfare of the American people.
(3) A major portion of the traffic in controlled substances flows through interstate and foreign commerce. Incidents of the traffic which are not an integral part of the interstate or foreign flow, such as manufacture, local distribution, and possession, nonetheless have a substantial and direct effect upon interstate commerce because—
(A) after manufacture, many controlled substances are transported in interstate commerce,
(B) controlled substances distributed locally usually have been transported in interstate commerce immediately before their distribution, and
(C) controlled substances possessed commonly flow through interstate commerce immediately prior to such possession.
(4) Local distribution and possession of controlled substances contribute to swelling the interstate traffic in such substances.
(5) Controlled substances manufactured and distributed intrastate cannot be differentiated from controlled substances manufactured and distributed interstate. Thus, it is not feasible to distinguish, in terms of controls, between controlled substances manufactured and distributed interstate and controlled substances manufactured and distributed intrastate.
(6) Federal control of the intrastate incidents of the traffic in controlled substances is essential to the effective control of the interstate incidents
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this chapter—
**(a)** The term “Service” means the Public Health Service;
**(b)** The term “Surgeon General” means the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service;
**(c)** Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
**(d)** The term “regulations”, except when otherwise specified, means rules and regulations made by the Surgeon General with the approval of the Secretary;
**(e)** The term “executive department” means any executive department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States or any corporation wholly owned by the United States;
**(f)** Except as provided in sections 246(g)(4)(B),11 See References in Text note below. 247c(c)(1),1 254d(h)(3),1 263c(5),1 264(d), 292a(9),1 300a(c), 300f(13), and 300n(1) 1 of this title, the term “State” includes, in addition to the several States, only the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
**(g)** The term “possession” includes, among other possessions, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands;
**(h)** Repealed. Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, § 986(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 603.
**(i)** The term “vessel” includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water, exclusive of aircraft and amphibious contrivances;
**(j)** The term “habit-forming narcotic drug” or “narcotic” means opium and coca leaves and the several alkaloids derived therefrom, the best known of these alkaloids being morphia, heroin, and codeine, obtained from opium, and cocaine derived from the coca
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 202
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
**(a)**
(1) The term “State”, except as used in the last sentence of [section 372(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section372/a&num=0&edition=prelim), means any State or Territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(2) The term “Territory” means any Territory or possession of the United States, including the District of Columbia, and excluding the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone.
**(b)** The term “interstate commerce” means (1) commerce between any State or Territory and any place outside thereof, and (2) commerce within the District of Columbia or within any other Territory not organized with a legislative body.
**(c)** The term “Department” means Department of Health and Human Services.
**(d)** The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
**(e)** The term “person” includes individual, partnership, corporation, and association.
**(f)** The term “food” means (1) articles used for food or drink for man or other animals, (2) chewing gum, and (3) articles used for components of any such article.
**(g)**
(1) The term “drug” means (A) articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopoeia,11 So in original. Probably should be “Pharmacopeia,”. official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; and (B) articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; and (C) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals; and (D) articles intended for use as a component of any article specif
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 321
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) The term “import” means, with respect to any article, any bringing in or introduction of such article into any area (whether or not such bringing in or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the tariff laws of the United States).
(2) The term “customs territory of the United States” has the meaning assigned to such term by general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
**(b)** Each term defined in [section 802 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim) shall have the same meaning for purposes of this subchapter as such term has for purposes of subchapter I.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority of Secretary** The Secretary shall conduct in the Service, and encourage, cooperate with, and render assistance to other appropriate public authorities, scientific institutions, and scientists in the conduct of, and promote the coordination of, research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and studies relating to the causes, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of physical and mental diseases and impairments of man, including water purification, sewage treatment, and pollution of lakes and streams. In carrying out the foregoing the Secretary is authorized to—
(1) collect and make available through publications and other appropriate means, information as to, and the practical application of, such research and other activities;
(2) make available research facilities of the Service to appropriate public authorities, and to health officials and scientists engaged in special study;
(3) make grants-in-aid to universities, hospitals, laboratories, and other public or private institutions, and to individuals for such research projects as are recommended by the advisory council to the entity of the Department supporting such projects and make, upon recommendation of the advisory council to the appropriate entity of the Department, grants-in-aid to public or nonprofit universities, hospitals, laboratories, and other institutions for the general support of their research;
(4) secure from time to time and for such periods as he deems advisable, the assistance and advice of experts, scholars, and consultants from the United States or abroad;
(5) for purposes of study, admit and treat at institutions, hospitals, and stations of the Service, persons not otherwise eligible for such treatment;
(6) make available, to health officials, scientists, a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 241
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Mandatory action**
(1) If the United States Trade Representative determines under [section 2414(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2414/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim) that—
(A) the rights of the United States under any trade agreement are being denied; or
(B) an act, policy, or practice of a foreign country—
(i) violates, or is inconsistent with, the provisions of, or otherwise denies benefits to the United States under, any trade agreement, or
(ii) is unjustifiable and burdens or restricts United States commerce;
the Trade Representative shall take action authorized in subsection (c), subject to the specific direction, if any, of the President regarding any such action, and shall take all other appropriate and feasible action within the power of the President that the President may direct the Trade Representative to take under this subsection, to enforce such rights or to obtain the elimination of such act, policy, or practice. Actions may be taken that are within the power of the President with respect to trade in any goods or services, or with respect to any other area of pertinent relations with the foreign country.
(2) The Trade Representative is not required to take action under paragraph (1) in any case in which—
(A) the Dispute Settlement Body (as defined in [section 3531(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3531/5&num=0&edition=prelim)) has adopted a report, or a ruling issued under the formal dispute settlement proceeding provided under any other trade agreement finds, that—
(i) the rights of the United States under a trade agreement are not being denied, or
(ii) the act, policy, or practice—
(I) is not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2413
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Drug abuse is rapidly increasing in the United States and now afflicts urban, suburban, and rural areas of the Nation.
(2) Drug abuse seriously impairs individual, as well as societal, health and well-being.
(3) Drug abuse, especially heroin addiction, substantially contributes to crime.
(4) The adverse impact of drug abuse inflicts increasing pain and hardship on individuals, families, and communities and undermines our institutions.
(5) Too little is known about drug abuse, especially the causes, and ways to treat and prevent drug abuse.
(6) The success of Federal drug abuse programs and activities requires a recognition that education, treatment, rehabilitation, research, training, and law enforcement efforts are interrelated.
(7) The effectiveness of efforts by State and local governments and by the Federal Government to control and treat drug abuse in the United States has been hampered by a lack of coordination among the States, between States and localities, among the Federal Government, States and localities, and throughout the Federal establishment.
(8) Control of drug abuse requires the development of a comprehensive, coordinated long-term Federal strategy that encompasses both effective law enforcement against illegal drug traffic and effective health programs to rehabilitate victims of drug abuse.
(9) The increasing rate of drug abuse constitutes a serious and continuing threat to national health and welfare, requiring an immediate and effective response on the part of the Federal Government.
(10) Although the Congress observed a significant apparent reduction in the rate of increase of drug abuse during the three-year period subsequent to March 21, 1972, and in certain areas of the country apparent te
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 1101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 186, Pub. L. 91–296, title V, § 501, June 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 352, which related to congressional findings as to marihuana use, the need for a better understanding of the health consequences, and the lack of information thereto, was transferred and set out as a note under [section 242 of Title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section242&num=0&edition=prelim), The Public Health and Welfare.
Section 187, Pub. L. 91–296, title V, § 502, June 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 352, which directed the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to report to Congress on the current information on the health consequence of marihuana use, with recommendations for legislative and administrative action and to submit a preliminary report no later than 90 days after June 30, 1970, was transferred and set out as a note under [section 242 of Title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section242&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 186, 187
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act June 14, 1930, ch. 488, § 4(b), (c), 46 Stat. 587; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§ 201, 205, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424, related to studies and investigations by Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. See [section 242 of Title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section242&num=0&edition=prelim), The Public Health and Welfare.
#### Renumbering of Repealing Act
Title XIII, § 1313, formerly title VI, § 611, of act July 1, 1944, which repealed these sections, was renumbered title VII, § 711, by act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 958, § 5, 60 Stat. 1049; § 713, by act Feb. 28, 1948, ch. 83, § 9(b), 62 Stat. 47; title VIII, § 813, by act July 30, 1956, ch. 779, § 3(b), 70 Stat. 721; title IX, § 913, by Pub. L. 88–581, § 4(b), Sept. 4, 1964, 78 Stat. 919; title X, § 1013, by Pub. L. 89–239, § 3(b), Oct. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 931; title XI, § 1113, by Pub. L. 91–572, § 6(b), Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1506; title XII, § 1213, by Pub. L. 92–294, § 3(b), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 137; title XIII, § 1313, by Pub. L. 93–154, § 2(b)(2), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 604, and was repealed by Pub. L. 93–222, § 7(b), Dec. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 936.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 196
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 772
TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS
§ 801
Sec.
831.
Additional requirements relating to online
pharmacies and telemedicine.
832.
Suspicious orders.
PART D—OFFENSES AND PENALTIES
841.
Prohibited acts A.
842.
Prohibited acts B.
843.
Prohibited acts C.
844.
Penalties for simple possession.
844a.
Civil penalty for possession of small amounts
of certain controlled substances.
845 to 845b. Transferred.
846.
Attempt and conspiracy.
847.
Additional penalties.
848.
Continuing criminal enterprise.
849.
Transportation safety offenses.
850.
Information for sentencing.
851.
Proceedings to establish prior convictions.
852.
Application of treaties and other inter-
national agreements.
853.
Criminal forfeitures.
853a.
Transferred.
854.
Investment of illicit drug profits.
855.
Alternative fine.
856.
Maintaining drug-involved premises.
857.
Repealed.
858.
Endangering human life while illegally manu-
facturing controlled substance.
859.
Distribution to persons under age twenty-one.
860.
Distribution or manufacturing in or near
schools and colleges.
860a.
Consecutive sentence for manufacturing or
distributing, or possessing with intent to
manufacture or distribute, methamphet-
amine on premises where children are
present or reside.
861.
Employment or use of persons under 18 years
of age in drug operations.
862.
Denial of Federal benefits to drug traffickers
and possessors.
862a.
Denial of assistance and benefits for certain
drug-related convictions.
862b.
Sanctioning for testing positive for con-
trolled substances.
863.
Drug paraphernalia.
864.
Anhydrous ammonia.
864a.
Grants
to
reduce
production
of
methamphetamines from anhydrous ammo-
nia.
865.
Smuggling
methamphetamine
or
meth-
amphetamine precursor chemica
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 21 U.S.C. § 801
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