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42 U.S.C. § 4601 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “Federal agency” means any department, agency, or instrumentality in the executive branch of the Government, any wholly owned Government corporation, the Architect of the Capitol, the Federal Reserve banks and branches thereof, and any person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under Federal law.
(2) The term “State” means any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any political subdivision thereof.
(3) The term “State agency” means any department, agency, or instrumentality of a State or of a political subdivision of a State, any department, agency, or instrumentality of 2 or more States or of 2 or more political subdivisions of a State or States, and any person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under State law.
(4) The term “Federal financial assistance” means a grant, loan, or contribution provided by the United States, except any Federal guarantee or insurance, any interest reduction payment to an individual in connection with the purchase and occupancy of a residence by that individual, and any annual payment or capital loan to the District of Columbia.
(5) The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, or association.
(6)
(A) The term “displaced person” means, except as provided in subparagraph (B)—
(i) any person who moves from real property, or moves his personal property from real property—
(I) as a direct result of a written notice of intent to acquire or the acquisition of such real property in whole or in part for a program or project undertaken by a Federal agency or with
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 61, § 4601; chapter-061-uniform-relocation-assistance-and-real-property-acquisition-policies-for-federal-and-federally-assisted-programs.md
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As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “Federal agency” means any department, agency, or instrumentality in the executive branch of the Government, any wholly owned Government corporation, the Architect of the Capitol, the Federal Reserve banks and branches thereof, and any person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under Federal law.
(2) The term “State” means any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any political subdivision thereof.
(3) The term “State agency” means any department, agency, or instrumentality of a State or of a political subdivision of a State, any department, agency, or instrumentality of 2 or more States or of 2 or more political subdivisions of a State or States, and any person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under State law.
(4) The term “Federal financial assistance” means a grant, loan, or contribution provided by the United States, except any Federal guarantee or insurance, any interest reduction payment to an individual in connection with the purchase and occupancy of a residence by that individual, and any annual payment or capital loan to the District of Columbia.
(5) The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, or association.
(6)
(A) The term “displaced person” means, except as provided in subparagraph (B)—
(i) any person who moves from real property, or moves his personal property from real property—
(I) as a direct result of a written notice of intent to acquire or the acquisition of such real property in whole or in part for a program or project undertaken by a Federal agency or with Federal financial assistance; or
(II) on which such person is a residential tenant or conducts a small business, a farm operation, or a business defined in paragraph (7)(D), as a direct result of rehabilitation, demolition, or such other displacing activity as the lead agency may prescribe, under a program or project undertaken by a Federal agency or with Federal financial assistance in any case in which the head of the displacing agency determines that such displacement is permanent; and
(ii) solely for the purposes of sections 4622(a) and (b) and 4625 of this title, any person who moves from real property, or moves his personal property from real property—
(I) as a direct result of a written notice of intent to acquire or the acquisition of other real property, in whole or in part, on which such person conducts a business or farm operation, for a program or project undertaken by a Federal agency or with Federal financial assistance; or
(II) as a direct result of rehabilitation, demolition, or such other displacing activity as the lead agency may prescribe, of other real property on which such person conducts a business or a farm operation, under a program or project undertaken by a Federal agency or with Federal financial assistance where the head of the displacing agency determines that such displacement is permanent.
(B) The term “displaced person” does not include—
(i) a person who has been determined, according to criteria established by the head of the lead agency, to be either in unlawful occupancy of the displacement dwelling or to have occupied such dwelling for the purpose of obtaining assistance under this chapter;
(ii) in any case in which the displacing agency acquires property for a program or project, any person (other than a person who was an occupant of such property at the time it was acquired) who occupies such property on a rental basis for a short term or a period subject to termination when the property is needed for the program or project.
(7) The term “business” means any lawful activity, excepting a farm operation, conducted primarily—
(A) for the purchase, sale, lease and rental of personal and real property, and for the manufacture, processing, or marketing of products, commodities, or any other personal property;
(B) for the sale of services to the public;
(C) by a nonprofit organization; or
(D) solely for the purposes of [section 4622 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4622&num=0&edition=prelim), for assisting in the purchase, sale, resale, manufacture, processing, or marketing of products, commodities, personal property, or services by the erection and maintenance of an outdoor advertising display or displays, whether or not such display or displays are located on the premises on which any of the above activities are conducted.
(8) The term “farm operation” means any activity conducted solely or primarily for the production of one or more agricultural products or commodities, including timber, for sale or home use, and customarily producing such products or commodities in sufficient quantity to be capable of contributing materially to the operator’s support.
(9) The term “mortgage” means such classes of liens as are commonly given to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real property, under the laws of the State in which the real property is located, together with the credit instruments, if any, secured thereby.
(10) The term “comparable replacement dwelling” means any dwelling that is (A) decent, safe, and sanitary; (B) adequate in size to accommodate the occupants; (C) within the financial means of the displaced person; (D) functionally equivalent; (E) in an area not subject to unreasonable adverse environmental conditions; and (F) in a location generally not less desirable than the location of the displaced person’s dwelling with respect to public utilities, facilities, services, and the displaced person’s place of employment.
(11) The term “displacing agency” means any Federal agency carrying out a program or project, and any State, State agency, or person carrying out a program or project with Federal financial assistance, which causes a person to be a displaced person.
(12) The term “lead agency” means the Department of Transportation.
(13) The term “appraisal” means a written statement independently and impartially prepared by a qualified appraiser setting forth an opinion of defined value of an adequately described property as of a specific date, supported by the presentation and analysis of relevant market information.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General provision** Whenever a program or project to be undertaken by a displacing agency will result in the displacement of any person, the head of the displacing agency shall provide for the payment to the displaced person of—
(1) actual reasonable expenses in moving himself, his family, business, farm operation, or other personal property;
(2) actual direct losses of tangible personal property as a result of moving or discontinuing a business or farm operation, but not to exceed an amount equal to the reasonable expenses that would have been required to relocate such property, as determined by the head of the agency;
(3) actual reasonable expenses in searching for a replacement business or farm; and
(4) actual reasonable expenses necessary to reestablish a displaced farm, nonprofit organization, or small business at its new site, but not to exceed $25,000, as adjusted by regulation, in accordance with [section 4633(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4633/d&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Displacement from dwelling; election of payments: expense and dislocation allowance** Any displaced person eligible for payments under subsection (a) of this section who is displaced from a dwelling and who elects to accept the payments authorized by this subsection in lieu of the payments authorized by subsection (a) of this section may receive an expense and dislocation allowance, which shall be determined according to a schedule established by the head of the lead agency.
**(c) Displacement from business or farm operation; election of payments; minimum and maximum amounts; eligibility** Any displaced person eligible for payments under subsection (a) of this section who is displaced from the person’s place of busin
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4622
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title I, § 114, as added Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title III, § 310(a), 78 Stat. 788; amended Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title I, § 101(i), title IV, § 404(b), (c)(1), 79 Stat. 453, 486; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, § 6(b), 81 Stat. 21; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title V, § 516, 82 Stat. 526; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, § 212, 84 Stat. 1779, related to relocation assistance, providing as follows: subsec. (a), financial assistance to displaced individuals, families, businesses, and nonprofit organizations; subsec. (b), payments to business concerns or nonprofit organizations, considerations, and maximum amounts; subsec. (c), payments to individuals and families, considerations, computation of amount, maximum amounts, and restrictions; subsec. (d), payments to individuals, families, business concerns, and nonprofit organizations for recording fees, transfer taxes, incidental expenses, penalty costs, and pro rata taxes; and subsec. (e), rules and regulations, finality of administrative decisions, and promptness of payments. See chapter 61 (section 4601 et seq.) of this title.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal not applicable to any State so long as sections 4630 and 4655 of this title are not applicable in such State; but such sections completely applicable to all States after July 1, 1972, but until such date applicable to a State to extent the State is able under its laws to comply with such sections, see section 221 of Pub. L. 91–646, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 4601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4601&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Savings Provision
Any rights or liabilities existing under provisions repeal
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1465
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Minimum Investment.—** Beginning in fiscal year 2027, and each fiscal year thereafter, each Secretary of a military department shall—
(1) calculate (in accordance with subsection (b)) the cumulative plant replacement value of the total inventory of covered facilities on each military installation under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned; and
(2) invest in the budget for facilities sustainment, restoration, and modernization of that military department, a total amount equal to not less than the percentage specified in subsection (c) of the cumulative plant replacement value described in paragraph (1).
**(b) Exclusion.—** In making any calculation pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection (a), each Secretary of a military department shall exclude any covered facility under the jurisdiction of such Secretary that is scheduled for demolition during the two-year period beginning after the date of such calculation.
**(c) Percentage Specified.—** The percentage of the specified in this subsection is—
(1) for fiscal year 2027, 1.75 percent;
(2) for fiscal year 2028, 2.5 percent;
(3) for fiscal year 2029, 3.25 percent; and
(4) for fiscal year 2030 and each subsequent fiscal year, 4 percent.
**(d) Certification.—** As part of the annual budget submission of the President under [section 1105(a) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1105/a&num=0&edition=prelim), each Secretary of each military department shall include—
(1) a certification to the congressional defense committees that the military department is in compliance with this section; and
(2) a list of covered facilities under the jurisdiction of that Secretary, disaggregated by military installation and location, that are scheduled for demolition dur
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2680
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Taxable years prior to 1978** For the purposes of determining average monthly wage and quarters of coverage the amount of self-employment income derived during any taxable year which begins before 1978 shall—
(1) in the case of a taxable year which is a calendar year, be credited equally to each quarter of such calendar year; and
(2) in the case of any other taxable year, be credited equally to the calendar quarter in which such taxable year ends and to each of the next three or fewer preceding quarters any part of which is in such taxable year.
**(b) Taxable years after 1977** Except as provided in subsection (c), for the purposes of determining average indexed monthly earnings, average monthly wage, and quarters of coverage the amount of self-employment income derived during any taxable year which begins after 1977 shall—
(1) in the case of a taxable year which is a calendar year or which begins with or during a calendar year and ends with or during such year, be credited to such calendar year; and
(2) in the case of any other taxable year, be allocated proportionately to the two calendar years, portions of which are included within such taxable year, on the basis of the number of months in each such calendar year which are included completely within the taxable year.
For purposes of clause (2), the calendar month in which a taxable year ends shall be treated as included completely within that taxable year.
**(c) Proportional allocation** For the purpose of determining average indexed monthly earnings, average monthly wage, and quarters of coverage in the case of any individual who elects the option described in clause (ii) or (iv) in the matter following [section 411(a)(16) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title4
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 412
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Acceptance of State agency certification** Notwithstanding sections 4630 and 4655 of this title, the head of a Federal agency may discharge any of his responsibilities under this chapter by accepting a certification by a State agency that it will carry out such responsibility, if the head of the lead agency determines that such responsibility will be carried out in accordance with State laws which will accomplish the purpose and effect of this chapter.
**(b) Promulgation of regulations; notice and comment; consultation with local governments**
(1) The head of the lead agency shall issue regulations to carry out this section.
(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1121(f), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724.
(3) Before making a determination regarding any State law under subsection (a) of this section, the head of the lead agency shall provide interested parties with an opportunity for public review and comment. In particular, the head of the lead agency shall consult with interested local general purpose governments within the State on the effects of such State law on the ability of local governments to carry out their responsibilities under this chapter.
**(c) Effect of noncompliance with certification or with applicable law**
(1) The head of a Federal agency may withhold his approval of any Federal financial assistance to or contract or cooperative agreement with any displacing agency found by the Federal agency to have failed to comply with the laws described in subsection (a) of this section.
(2) After consultation with the head of the lead agency, the head of a Federal agency may rescind his acceptance of any certification under this section, in whole or in part, if the State agency fails to comply with such certification or with State law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4604
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General provisions** The head of the lead agency shall—
(1) develop, publish, and issue, with the active participation of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the heads of other Federal agencies responsible for funding relocation and acquisition actions, and in coordination with State and local governments, such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this chapter;
(2) provide, in consultation with the Attorney General (acting through the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service), through training and technical assistance activities for displacing agencies, information developed with the Attorney General (acting through the Commissioner) on proper implementation of [section 4605 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4605&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) ensure that displacing agencies implement [section 4605 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4605&num=0&edition=prelim) fairly and without discrimination in accordance with [section 4605(b)(2)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4605/b/2/B&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) ensure that relocation assistance activities under this chapter are coordinated with low-income housing assistance programs or projects by a Federal agency or a State or State agency with Federal financial assistance;
(5) monitor, in coordination with other Federal agencies, the implementation and enforcement of this chapter and report to the Congress, as appropriate, on any major issues or problems with respect to any policy or other provision of this chapter; and
(6) perform such other duties as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
**(b) Regulat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4633
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each State shall certify to the Secretary before January 1 of each year that it is enforcing all State laws respecting maximum vehicle size and weights permitted on the Federal-aid primary system, the Federal-aid urban system, and the Federal-aid secondary system, including the Interstate System in accordance with [section 127 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title23-section127&num=0&edition=prelim). Each State shall also certify that it is enforcing and complying with the provisions of [section 127(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title23-section127/d&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 31112 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section31112&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)**
(1) Each State shall submit to the Secretary such information as the Secretary shall, by regulation, require as necessary, in his opinion, to verify the certification of such State under subsection (b) of this section.
(2) If a State fails to certify as required by subsection (b) of this section or if the Secretary determines that a State is not adequately enforcing all State laws respecting such maximum vehicle size and weights, notwithstanding such a certification, then Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to such State for such fiscal year shall be reduced by amounts equal to 7 percent of the amount which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 104(b).
(3) If within one year from the date that the apportionment for any State is reduced in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection the Secretary determines that such State is enforcing all State laws respecting maximum size and weights, the apportionmen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 23 U.S.C. § 141
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Until Congress shall further provide for the government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, all executive, legislative, and judicial authority necessary for the civil administration of the Trust Territory shall continue to be vested in such person or persons and shall be exercised in such manner and through such agency or agencies as the President of the United States may direct or authorize.
**(b)** The head of any department, corporation, or other agency of the executive branch of the Government may, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, extend to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, with or without reimbursement, scientific, technical, and other assistance under any program administered by such agency, or extend to the Trust Territory any Federal program administered by such agency, if the assistance or program will promote the welfare of the Trust Territory, notwithstanding any provision of law under which the Trust Territory may otherwise be ineligible for the assistance or program: Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior shall not request assistance pursuant to this subsection that involves, in the aggregate, an estimated nonreimbursable cost in any one fiscal year in excess of $150,000: Provided further, That the cost of any program extended to the Trust Territory under this subsection shall be reimbursable out of appropriations authorized and made for the government of the Trust Territory pursuant to section 2 of this Act, as amended. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to financial assistance under a grant-in-aid program.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 48 U.S.C. § 1681
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 86–645, title III, § 301, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 502, declared the policy of Congress with respect to payment of just and reasonable consideration to owners and tenants whose property is acquired for public works projects and payment of a purchase price in negotiation for such property which will consider such congressional policy. See provisions of Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, classified to chapter 61 (§ 4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal not applicable to any State so long as sections 4630 and 4655 of title 42 are not applicable in such State; but such sections completely applicable to all States after July 1, 1972, but until such date applicable to a State to extent the State is able under its laws to comply with such sections, see section 221 of Pub. L. 91–646, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 4601 of Title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4601&num=0&edition=prelim), The Public Health and Welfare.
#### Savings Provision
Any rights or liabilities existing under provisions repealed by section 306 of Pub. L. 91–646 as not affected by such repeal, see section 306 of Pub. L. 91–646, set out in part as a Savings Provision note under [section 4651 of Title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4651&num=0&edition=prelim), The Public Health and Welfare.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 596
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