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22 U.S.C. § 5854 — Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in independent states

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5854 — Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in independent states

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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 67, § 5854; chapter-067-freedom-for-russia-and-emerging-eurasian-democracies-and-open-markets-support.md

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**(a) Authorization** The President is authorized to promote bilateral and multilateral nonproliferation and disarmament activities— (1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, and conventional weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union; (2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts to halt the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, related technologies, and other weapons of the independent states, including activities such as— (A) the storage, transportation, and safeguarding of such weapons, and (B) the purchase, barter, or other acquisition of such weapons or materials derived from such weapons; (3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and other weapons of the independent states; (4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion of weapons-related scientific and technical expertise of the independent states to terrorist groups or to third countries; (5) by establishing science and technology centers in the independent states for the purpose of engaging weapons scientists and engineers of the independent states (in particular those who were previously involved in the design and production of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, nonmilitary undertakings; and (6) by establishing programs for facilitating the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities. **(b) Funding priorities** Priority in carrying out this section shall be given to the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a). **(c) Use of defense funds** (1) **Authorization** — In recognition of the direct contributions to the national security interests of the United States of the programs and activities authorized by subsection (a), the President is authorized to make available for use in carrying out those programs and activities, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, funds made available pursuant to sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102–229 or under the amendments made by section 506(a) of this Act. (2) **Limitation** — Funds described in paragraph (1) may not be obligated for programs and activities under subsection (a) unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such obligation shall be counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in section 665(a)(2) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 2) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [[2 U.S.C. 900](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section900&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5852 — Findings

The Congress finds that it is in the national security interest of the United States— (1) to facilitate, on a priority basis— (A) the transportation, storage, safeguarding, and destruction of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction of the independent states of the former Soviet Union; (B) the prevention of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and destabilizing conventional weapons of the independent states, and the establishment of verifiable safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons; (C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third countries; and (D) other efforts designed to reduce the military threat from the former Soviet Union; (2) to support the conversion of the massive defense-related industry and equipment of the independent states of the former Soviet Union for civilian purposes and uses; and (3) to expand military-to-military contacts between the United States and the independent states.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5901 — Demilitarization of independent states of former Soviet Union

The Congress finds that it is in the national security interest of the United States— (1) to facilitate, on a priority basis— (A) the transportation, storage, safeguarding, and destruction of nuclear and other weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union, including the safe and secure storage of fissile materials, dismantlement of missiles and launchers, and the elimination of chemical and biological weapons capabilities; (B) the prevention of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their components and destabilizing conventional weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union, and the establishment of verifiable safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons; (C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third countries; and (D) other efforts designed to reduce the military threat from the former Soviet Union; (2) to support the demilitarization of the massive defense-related industry and equipment of the independent states of the former Soviet Union and conversion of such industry and equipment to civilian purposes and uses; and (3) to expand military-to-military contacts between the United States and the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

2 U.S.C. § 900 — Statement of budget enforcement through sequestration; definitions

**(a) Omitted** **(b) General statement of budget enforcement through sequestration** This subchapter provides for budget enforcement as called for in House Concurrent Resolution 84 (105th Congress, 1st session). **(c) Definitions** As used in this subchapter: (1) The terms “budget authority”, “new budget authority”, “outlays”, and “deficit” have the meanings given to such terms in section 3 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 [[2 U.S.C. 622](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section622&num=0&edition=prelim)] and “discretionary spending limit” shall mean the amounts specified in [section 901 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section901&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) The terms “sequester” and “sequestration” refer to or mean the cancellation of budgetary resources provided by discretionary appropriations or direct spending law. (3) The term “breach” means, for any fiscal year, the amount (if any) by which new budget authority or outlays for that year (within a category of discretionary appropriations) is above that category’s discretionary spending limit for new budget authority or outlays for that year, as the case may be. (4) (A) The term “nonsecurity category” means all discretionary appropriations not included in the security category defined in subparagraph (B). (B) The term “security category” includes discretionary appropriations associated with agency budgets for the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Nuclear Security Administration, the intelligence community management account (95–0401–0–1–054), and all budget accounts in budget function 150 (international affairs). (C

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2551 — Congressional statement of purpose

An ultimate goal of the United States is a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide impetus toward this goal by addressing the problem of reduction and control of armaments looking toward ultimate world disarmament.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2370 — Prohibitions against furnishing assistance

**(a) Cuba; embargo on all trade** (1) No assistance shall be furnished under this chapter to the present government of Cuba. As an additional means of implementing and carrying into effect the policy of the preceding sentence, the President is authorized to establish and maintain a total embargo upon all trade between the United States and Cuba. (2) Except as may be deemed necessary by the President in the interest of the United States, no assistance shall be furnished under this chapter to any government of Cuba, nor shall Cuba be entitled to receive any quota authorizing the importation of Cuban sugar into the United States or to receive any other benefit under any law of the United States, until the President determines that such government has taken appropriate steps according to international law standards to return to United States citizens, and to entities not less than 50 per centum beneficially owned by United States citizens, or to provide equitable compensation to such citizens and entities for property taken from such citizens and entities on or after January 1, 1959, by the Government of Cuba. **(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560** **(c) Indebtedness of foreign country to United States citizen or person** No assistance shall be provided under this chapter to the government of any country which is indebted to any United States citizen or person for goods or services furnished or ordered where (i) such citizen or person has exhausted available legal remedies, which shall include arbitration, or (ii) the debt is not denied or contested by such government, or (iii) such indebtedness arises under an unconditional guaranty of payment given by such government, or any predecessor government, directly or indirectl

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5855 — Nonproliferation and disarmament fund

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5859 — Notice and reports to Congress

**(a) Notice of proposed obligations** Not less than 15 days before obligating any funds under section 5853 or 5854 of this title or the amendments made by section 506(a),11 See References in Text note below. the President shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional committees a report on the proposed obligation. Each such report shall specify— (1) the account, budget activity, and particular program or programs from which the funds proposed to be obligated are to be derived and the amount of the proposed obligations; and (2) the activities and forms of assistance for which the President plans to obligate such funds. **(b) Semiannual report** Not later than April 30, 1993, and not later than October 30, 1993, the President shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional committees a report on the activities carried out under sections 5853 and 5854 of this title and the amendments made by section 506(a).1 Each such report shall set forth, for the preceding 6-month period and cumulatively, the following: (1) The amounts expended for such activities and the purposes for which they were expended. (2) The source of the funds obligated for such activities, specified by program. (3) A description of the participation of all United States Government departments and agencies in such activities. (4) A description of the activities carried out and the forms of assistance provided. (5) Such other information as the President considers appropriate to fully inform the Congress concerning the operation of the programs and activities carried out under sections 5853 and 5854 of this title and the a

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 2912 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) The terms “prevention of weapons of mass destruction proliferation and terrorism” and “prevention of WMD proliferation and terrorism” include activities under— (A) the programs specified in section 1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104–201; 110 Stat. 2731; [50 U.S.C. 2362](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section2362&num=0&edition=prelim) note); 11 See References in Text note below. (B) the programs for which appropriations are authorized by section 3101(a)(2) of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 116 Stat. 2729); (C) programs authorized by [section 5854 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5854&num=0&edition=prelim) and programs authorized by [section 5902 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5902&num=0&edition=prelim); and (D) a program of any agency of the Federal Government having a purpose similar to that of any of the programs identified in subparagraphs (A) through (C), as designated by the United States Coordinator for the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism and the head of the agency. (2) The terms “weapons of mass destruction” and “WMD” mean chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, and chemical, biological, and nuclear materials used in the manufacture of such weapons. (3) The term “items of proliferation concern” means— (A) equipment, materials, or technology listed in— (i) the Trigger List of the Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers of the Nuclear Suppliers Group; (ii) the Annex of the Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use

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2 U.S.C. § 900 — Statement of budget enforcement through

Page 232 TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 900 (2) Qualification An individual, organization, institution, or business may qualify for an award under this section only if such individual, organization, institution, or business— (A) is nominated to the Majority or Minor- ity Leader of the Senate or to the Speaker or the Minority Leader of the House of Rep- resentatives by a member of the Senate or the House of Representatives; (B) permits a rigorous evaluation by the Office of Technology Assessment of the way in which such individual, organization, insti- tution, or business has demonstrated excel- lence in promoting United States industrial competitiveness; and (C) meets such other requirements as the selection panel determines to be appropriate to achieve the objectives of this section. (3) Evaluation An evaluation of each nominee shall be con- ducted by the Office of Technology Assess- ment. The Office of Technology Assessment shall work with the selection panel to estab- lish appropriate procedures for evaluating nominees. (4) Panel review The selection panel shall review the Office of Technology Assessment’s evaluation of each nominee and may, based on those evaluations, recommend 1 award winner for each year for each category described in subsection (b)(1) to the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Sen- ate and the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives. (d) Presentation of award (1) In general The Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate and the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives shall make the award to an individual and an orga- nization, institution, or business that has demonstrated excellence in promoting United States industrial competitiveness in the inter- national marketplace t

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 5854 — Nonproliferation and disarmament fund

Page 1717 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5854 Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102–229, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), are sections 108 and 109 of Pub. L. 102–229, title I, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1708, which are not classified to the Code. Section 506(a) of this Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is section 506(a) of Pub. L. 102–511, which was classified to section 5856(a) of this title and was omitted from the Code. Section 506(a) directed amendment of section 221 of Pub. L. 102–228, which was set out in a note under section 2551 of this title, but did not become effective pursuant to section 5856(c) of this title and was re- pealed by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606. Section 665 of title 2, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–33, title X, § 10118(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695. The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is title II of Pub. L. 99–177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1038. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 900 et seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 900 of Title 2 and Tables. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNDING FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTERS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, § 1138], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–496, provided that: ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—For fiscal year 2001 and subse- quent fiscal years, funds made available under ‘Non- proliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs’ accounts in annual foreign operations appro- pria

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