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12 U.S.C. § 1831o–1 — Source of strength
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Holding companies** The appropriate Federal banking agency for a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company shall require the bank holding company or savings and loan holding company to serve as a source of financial strength for any subsidiary of the bank holding company or savings and loan holding company that is a depository institution.
**(b) Other companies** If an insured depository institution is not the subsidiary of a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company, the appropriate Federal banking agency for the insured depository institution shall require any company that directly or indirectly controls the insured depository institution to serve as a source of financial strength for such institution.
**(c) Authority of State insurance regulator**
(1) **In general** — The provisions of [section 1844(g) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1844/g&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to a savings and loan holding company that is an insurance company, an affiliate of an insured depository institution that is an insurance company, and to any other company that is an insurance company and that directly or indirectly controls an insured depository institution, to the same extent as the provisions of that section apply to a bank holding company that is an insurance company.
(2) **Rule of construction** — Requiring a bank holding company that is an insurance company, a savings and loan holding company that is an insurance company, an affiliate of an insured depository institution that is an insurance company, or any other company that is an insurance company and that directly or indirectly controls an insured depository institution to serve as a source of financial strength under this
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1831o–1
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-12/section-1831o1-source-of-strength--4676fcde04.md
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Source location: Title 12, Chapter 16, § 1831o–1; chapter-016-federal-deposit-insurance-corporation.md
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**(a) Holding companies** The appropriate Federal banking agency for a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company shall require the bank holding company or savings and loan holding company to serve as a source of financial strength for any subsidiary of the bank holding company or savings and loan holding company that is a depository institution.
**(b) Other companies** If an insured depository institution is not the subsidiary of a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company, the appropriate Federal banking agency for the insured depository institution shall require any company that directly or indirectly controls the insured depository institution to serve as a source of financial strength for such institution.
**(c) Authority of State insurance regulator**
(1) **In general** — The provisions of [section 1844(g) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1844/g&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to a savings and loan holding company that is an insurance company, an affiliate of an insured depository institution that is an insurance company, and to any other company that is an insurance company and that directly or indirectly controls an insured depository institution, to the same extent as the provisions of that section apply to a bank holding company that is an insurance company.
(2) **Rule of construction** — Requiring a bank holding company that is an insurance company, a savings and loan holding company that is an insurance company, an affiliate of an insured depository institution that is an insurance company, or any other company that is an insurance company and that directly or indirectly controls an insured depository institution to serve as a source of financial strength under this section shall be deemed an action of the Board that requires a bank holding company to provide funds or other assets to a subsidiary depository institution for purposes of [section 1844(g) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1844/g&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Reports** The appropriate Federal banking agency for an insured depository institution described in subsection (b) may, from time to time, require the company, or a company that directly or indirectly controls the insured depository institution, to submit a report, under oath, for the purposes of—
(1) assessing the ability of such company to comply with the requirement under subsection (b); and
(2) enforcing the compliance of such company with the requirement under subsection (b).
**(e) Rules** Not later than 1 year after the transfer date, as defined in [section 5411 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5411&num=0&edition=prelim), the appropriate Federal banking agencies shall jointly issue final rules to carry out this section.
**(f) Definition** In this section, the term “source of financial strength” means the ability of a company that directly or indirectly owns or controls an insured depository institution to provide financial assistance to such insured depository institution in the event of the financial distress of the insured depository institution.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) No other funding** Funds for the orderly liquidation of any covered financial company under this subchapter shall only be provided as specified under this subchapter.
**(b) Limit on governmental actions** No governmental entity may take any action to circumvent the purposes of this subchapter.
**(c) Conflict of interest** In the event that the Corporation is appointed receiver for more than 1 covered financial company or is appointed receiver for a covered financial company and receiver for any insured depository institution that is an affiliate of such covered financial company, the Corporation shall take appropriate action, as necessary to avoid any conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with multiple receiverships.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5411
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions**
(1) **In general** — As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires—
(A) *Savings association* — The term “savings association” includes a savings bank or cooperative bank which is deemed by the appropriate Federal banking agency to be a savings association under subsection (l).
(B) *Uninsured institution* — The term “uninsured institution” means any depository institution the deposits of which are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(C) *Company* — The term “company” means any corporation, partnership, trust, joint-stock company, or similar organization, but does not include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, or any company the majority of the shares of which is owned by the United States or any State, or by an instrumentality of the United States or any State.
(D) *Savings and loan holding company*
(i) *In general* — Except as provided in clause (ii), the term “savings and loan holding company” means any company that directly or indirectly controls a savings association or that controls any other company that is a savings and loan holding company.
(ii) *Exclusion* — The term “savings and loan holding company” does not include—
(I) a bank holding company that is registered under, and subject to, the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 ([12 U.S.C. 1841](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1841&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or to any company directly or indirectly controlled by such company (other than a savings association);
(II) a company that controls a savings association that functions solely in a trust or fiduciary capacity as described in section 2(c)(2)(D) of the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1467a
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