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22 U.S.C. § 9002 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
(1) the term “applicant” means any person who, pursuant to the Convention, files an application with the United States Central Authority or a Central Authority of any other party to the Convention for the return of a child alleged to have been wrongfully removed or retained or for arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access pursuant to the Convention;
(2) the term “Convention” means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980;
(3) the term “Parent Locator Service” means the service established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under [section 653 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section653&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) the term “petitioner” means any person who, in accordance with this chapter, files a petition in court seeking relief under the Convention;
(5) the term “person” includes any individual, institution, or other legal entity or body;
(6) the term “respondent” means any person against whose interests a petition is filed in court, in accordance with this chapter, which seeks relief under the Convention;
(7) the term “rights of access” means visitation rights;
(8) the term “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States; and
(9) the term “United States Central Authority” means the agency of the Federal Government designated by the President under [section 9006(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9006/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-9002-definitions--4147fbb91e.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 97, § 9002; chapter-097-international-child-abduction-remedies.md
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For the purposes of this chapter—
(1) the term “applicant” means any person who, pursuant to the Convention, files an application with the United States Central Authority or a Central Authority of any other party to the Convention for the return of a child alleged to have been wrongfully removed or retained or for arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access pursuant to the Convention;
(2) the term “Convention” means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980;
(3) the term “Parent Locator Service” means the service established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under [section 653 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section653&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) the term “petitioner” means any person who, in accordance with this chapter, files a petition in court seeking relief under the Convention;
(5) the term “person” includes any individual, institution, or other legal entity or body;
(6) the term “respondent” means any person against whose interests a petition is filed in court, in accordance with this chapter, which seeks relief under the Convention;
(7) the term “rights of access” means visitation rights;
(8) the term “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States; and
(9) the term “United States Central Authority” means the agency of the Federal Government designated by the President under [section 9006(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9006/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The international abduction or wrongful retention of children is harmful to their well-being.
(2) Persons should not be permitted to obtain custody of children by virtue of their wrongful removal or retention.
(3) International abductions and retentions of children are increasing, and only concerted cooperation pursuant to an international agreement can effectively combat this problem.
(4) The Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980, establishes legal rights and procedures for the prompt return of children who have been wrongfully removed or retained, as well as for securing the exercise of visitation rights. Children who are wrongfully removed or retained within the meaning of the Convention are to be promptly returned unless one of the narrow exceptions set forth in the Convention applies. The Convention provides a sound treaty framework to help resolve the problem of international abduction and retention of children and will deter such wrongful removals and retentions.
**(b) Declarations** The Congress makes the following declarations:
(1) It is the purpose of this chapter to establish procedures for the implementation of the Convention in the United States.
(2) The provisions of this chapter are in addition to and not in lieu of the provisions of the Convention.
(3) In enacting this chapter the Congress recognizes—
(A) the international character of the Convention; and
(B) the need for uniform international interpretation of the Convention.
(4) The Convention and this chapter empower courts in the United States to determine only rights under the Convention and not the merits of any underlying child custody claims.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; purpose**
(1) The Secretary shall establish and conduct a Federal Parent Locator Service, under the direction of the designee of the Secretary referred to in [section 652(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section652/a&num=0&edition=prelim), which shall be used for the purposes specified in paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2) For the purpose of establishing parentage or establishing, setting the amount of, modifying, or enforcing child support obligations, the Federal Parent Locator Service shall obtain and transmit to any authorized person specified in subsection (c)—
(A) information on, or facilitating the discovery of, the location of any individual—
(i) who is under an obligation to pay child support;
(ii) against whom such an obligation is sought;
(iii) to whom such an obligation is owed; or
(iv) who has or may have parental rights with respect to a child,
including the individual’s social security number (or numbers), most recent address, and the name, address, and employer identification number of the individual’s employer;
(B) information on the individual’s wages (or other income) from, and benefits of, employment (including rights to or enrollment in group health care coverage); and
(C) information on the type, status, location, and amount of any assets of, or debts owed by or to, any such individual.
(3) For the purpose of enforcing any Federal or State law with respect to the unlawful taking or restraint of a child, or making or enforcing a child custody or visitation determination, as defined in [section 663(d)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section663/d/1&num=0&edition=prelim), the Federal Parent Locat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 653
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 11601, Pub. L. 100–300, § 2, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 437, which provided findings and declarations related to the International Child Abduction Remedies Act, was transferred to [section 9001 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9001&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
Section 11602, Pub. L. 100–300, § 3, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 437, which provided definitions, was transferred to [section 9002 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9002&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 11603, Pub. L. 100–300, § 4, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 438, which related to judicial remedies, was transferred to [section 9003 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9003&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 11604, Pub. L. 100–300, § 5, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 439, which related to provisional remedies, was transferred to [section 9004 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9004&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 11605, Pub. L. 100–300, § 6, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 439, which related to admissibility of documents, was transferred to [section 9005 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9005&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 11606, Pub. L. 100–300, § 7, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, title XXII, § 2213, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–812; Pub. L. 108–370, § 2, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1750, which related to the United States Central Authority, was transferred to [section 9006 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9006&num=0&e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 11601 to 11610
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2176
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 9001
under section 8921 of this title. Pub. L. 113–272 did not
make any amendments.
CHAPTER 97—INTERNATIONAL CHILD
ABDUCTION REMEDIES
Sec.
9001.
Findings and declarations.
9002.
Definitions.
9003.
Judicial remedies.
9004.
Provisional remedies.
9005.
Admissibility of documents.
9006.
United States Central Authority.
9007.
Costs and fees.
9008.
Collection, maintenance, and dissemination
of information.
9009.
Office of Children’s Issues.
9010.
Interagency coordinating group.
9011.
Authorization of appropriations.
§ 9001. Findings and declarations
(a) Findings
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The international abduction or wrongful
retention of children is harmful to their well-
being.
(2) Persons should not be permitted to ob-
tain custody of children by virtue of their
wrongful removal or retention.
(3) International abductions and retentions
of children are increasing, and only concerted
cooperation pursuant to an international
agreement can effectively combat this prob-
lem.
(4) The Convention on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction, done at The
Hague on October 25, 1980, establishes legal
rights and procedures for the prompt return of
children who have been wrongfully removed or
retained, as well as for securing the exercise of
visitation rights. Children who are wrongfully
removed or retained within the meaning of the
Convention are to be promptly returned unless
one of the narrow exceptions set forth in the
Convention applies. The Convention provides a
sound treaty framework to help resolve the
problem of international abduction and reten-
tion of children and will deter such wrongful
removals and retentions.
(b) Declarations
The Con
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 9002
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