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18 U.S.C. § 232 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term “civil disorder” means any public disturbance involving acts of violence by assemblages of three or more persons, which causes an immediate danger of or results in damage or injury to the property or person of any other individual.
(2) The term “commerce” means commerce (A) between any State or the District of Columbia and any place outside thereof; (B) between points within any State or the District of Columbia, but through any place outside thereof; or (C) wholly within the District of Columbia.
(3) The term “federally protected function” means any function, operation, or action carried out, under the laws of the United States, by any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or by an officer or employee thereof; and such term shall specifically include, but not be limited to, the collection and distribution of the United States mails.
(4) The term “firearm” means any weapon which is designed to or may readily be converted to expel any projectile by the action of an explosive; or the frame or receiver of any such weapon.
(5) The term “explosive or incendiary device” means (A) dynamite and all other forms of high explosives, (B) any explosive bomb, grenade, missile, or similar device, and (C) any incendiary bomb or grenade, fire bomb, or similar device, including any device which (i) consists of or includes a breakable container including a flammable liquid or compound, and a wick composed of any material which, when ignited, is capable of igniting such flammable liquid or compound, and (ii) can be carried or thrown by one individual acting alone.
(6) The term “fireman” means any member of a fire department (including a volunteer fire department) of any State, any political subdivision of a State, or th
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 12, § 232; chapter-012-civil-disorders.md
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For purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term “civil disorder” means any public disturbance involving acts of violence by assemblages of three or more persons, which causes an immediate danger of or results in damage or injury to the property or person of any other individual.
(2) The term “commerce” means commerce (A) between any State or the District of Columbia and any place outside thereof; (B) between points within any State or the District of Columbia, but through any place outside thereof; or (C) wholly within the District of Columbia.
(3) The term “federally protected function” means any function, operation, or action carried out, under the laws of the United States, by any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or by an officer or employee thereof; and such term shall specifically include, but not be limited to, the collection and distribution of the United States mails.
(4) The term “firearm” means any weapon which is designed to or may readily be converted to expel any projectile by the action of an explosive; or the frame or receiver of any such weapon.
(5) The term “explosive or incendiary device” means (A) dynamite and all other forms of high explosives, (B) any explosive bomb, grenade, missile, or similar device, and (C) any incendiary bomb or grenade, fire bomb, or similar device, including any device which (i) consists of or includes a breakable container including a flammable liquid or compound, and a wick composed of any material which, when ignited, is capable of igniting such flammable liquid or compound, and (ii) can be carried or thrown by one individual acting alone.
(6) The term “fireman” means any member of a fire department (including a volunteer fire department) of any State, any political subdivision of a State, or the District of Columbia.
(7) The term “law enforcement officer” means any officer or employee of the United States, any State, any political subdivision of a State, or the District of Columbia, while engaged in the enforcement or prosecution of any of the criminal laws of the United States, a State, any political subdivision of a State, or the District of Columbia; and such term shall specifically include members of the National Guard (as defined in [section 101 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section101&num=0&edition=prelim)), members of the organized militia of any State, or territory of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia not included within the National Guard (as defined in [section 101 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section101&num=0&edition=prelim)), and members of the Armed Forces of the United States, while engaged in suppressing acts of violence or restoring law and order during a civil disorder.
(8) The term “State” includes a State of the United States, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The following definitions apply in this title:
(1) The term “United States”, in a geographic sense, means the States and the District of Columbia.
(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, § 1057(a)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.]
(3) The term “possessions” includes the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Guano Islands, so long as they remain possessions, but does not include any Commonwealth.
(4) The term “armed forces” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and Coast Guard.
(5) The term “uniformed services” means—
(A) the armed forces;
(B) the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
(C) the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service.
(6) The term “department”, when used with respect to a military department, means the executive part of the department and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the department. When used with respect to the Department of Defense, such term means the executive part of the department, including the executive parts of the military departments, and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of Defense, including those of the military departments.
(7) The term “executive part of the department” means the executive part of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, or Department of the Air Force, as the case may be, at the seat of government.
(8) The term “military departments” means the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force.
(9) The term
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—**
(1) **Offenses involving actual or perceived race, color, religion, or national origin.—** — Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, a dangerous weapon, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, or national origin of any person—
(A) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; and
(B) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if—
(i) death results from the offense; or
(ii) the offense includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.
(2) **Offenses involving actual or perceived religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.—**
(A) *In general.—* — Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, in any circumstance described in subparagraph (B) or paragraph (3), willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, a dangerous weapon, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person—
(i) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; and
(ii) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if—
(I) death results from the offense; or
(II) the offense includes kidnapping or an attempt to ki
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any person who—
(1) violates any of subsections (a) through (i) or (l) through (o) of section 842 shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both; and
(2) violates subsection (p)(2) of section 842, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
**(b)** Any person who violates any other provision of section 842 of this chapter shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
**(c)**
(1) Any explosive materials involved or used or intended to be used in any violation of the provisions of this chapter or any other rule or regulation promulgated thereunder or any violation of any criminal law of the United States shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture, and all provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 relating to the seizure, forfeiture, and disposition of firearms, as defined in section 5845(a) of that Code, shall, so far as applicable, extend to seizures and forfeitures under the provisions of this chapter.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in the case of the seizure of any explosive materials for any offense for which the materials would be subject to forfeiture in which it would be impracticable or unsafe to remove the materials to a place of storage or would be unsafe to store them, the seizing officer may destroy the explosive materials forthwith. Any destruction under this paragraph shall be in the presence of at least 1 credible witness. The seizing officer shall make a report of the seizure and take samples as the Attorney General may by regulation prescribe.
(3) Within 60 days after any destruction made pursuant to paragraph (2), the owner of (including any person having an interest in) the property so destroyed may make application to the Attorney
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1)
(A) Upon the request of any individual referred to in subparagraph (C), the Secretary shall furnish counseling, including by furnishing counseling through a Vet Center, to the individual—
(i) in the case of an individual referred to in clauses (i) through (vii) of subparagraph (C), to assist the individual in readjusting to civilian life; and
(ii) in the case of an individual referred to in clause (viii) of such subparagraph who is a family member of a veteran or member described in such clause—
(I) in the case of a member who is deployed in a theater of combat operations or an area at a time during which hostilities are occurring in that area, during such deployment to assist such individual in coping with such deployment;
(II) in the case of a veteran or member who is readjusting to civilian life, to the degree that counseling furnished to such individual is found to aid in the readjustment of such veteran or member to civilian life; and
(III) in the case of a veteran or member who died by suicide, to the degree that counseling furnished to such individual is found to aid in coping with the effects of such suicide.
(B)
(i) Counseling furnished to an individual under subparagraph (A) may include a comprehensive individual assessment of the individual’s psychological, social, and other characteristics to ascertain whether—
(I) in the case of an individual referred to in clauses (i) through (vii) of subparagraph (C), such individual has difficulties associated with readjusting to civilian life; and
(II) in the case of an individual referred to in clause (viii) of such subparagraph, such individual has difficulties associated with—
(aa) coping with the deployment of a member described in subclau
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Authority.—** The Secretary of Transportation (or the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by that Administrator or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by that Administrator) may take action the Secretary, Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration, or Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, as appropriate, considers necessary to carry out this part, including conducting investigations, prescribing regulations, standards, and procedures, and issuing orders.
**(b) Hazardous Material.—** In carrying out this part, the Secretary has the same authority to regulate the transportation of hazardous material by air that the Secretary has under [section 5103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section5103&num=0&edition=prelim). However, this subsection does not prohibit or regulate the transportation of a firearm (as defined in [section 232 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section232&num=0&edition=prelim)) or ammunition for a firearm, when transported by an individual for personal use.
**(c) Governmental Assistance.—** The Secretary (or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator) may use the assistance of the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and any research or technical department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government on matters related to aircraft fuel and oil, and to the desig
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 40113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority To Issue Special Permits.—**
(1) As provided under procedures prescribed by regulation, the Secretary may issue, modify, or terminate a special permit authorizing a variance from this chapter or a regulation prescribed under section 5103(b), 5104, 5110, or 5112 of this title to a person performing a function regulated by the Secretary under section 5103(b)(1) in a way that achieves a safety level—
(A) at least equal to the safety level required under this chapter; or
(B) consistent with the public interest and this chapter, if a required safety level does not exist.
(2) A special permit issued under this section shall be effective for an initial period of not more than 2 years and may be renewed by the Secretary upon application for successive periods of not more than 4 years each or, in the case of a special permit relating to section 5112, for an additional period of not more than 2 years.
**(b) Applications.—** When applying for a special permit or renewal of a special permit under this section, the person must provide a safety analysis prescribed by the Secretary that justifies the special permit. The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register notice that an application for a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit has been filed and shall give the public an opportunity to inspect the safety analysis and comment on the application. The Secretary shall make available to the public on the Department of Transportation’s Internet Web site any special permit other than a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit and shall give the public an opportunity to inspect the safety analysis and comment on the application for a period of not more than 15 days. This subsection does not require the re
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 91
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 232
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Paragraphs (17), (37), and (41) of section 40102 of title
49, referred to in par. (9)(A), (B), probably means para-
graphs (17), (37), and (41) of subsection (a) of section
40102 of title 49. Paragraphs (37) and (41) were subse-
quently redesignated as (41) and (46), respectively, by
Pub. L. 108–176, title II, § 225(a)(1), (3), Dec. 12, 2003, 117
Stat. 2528.
AMENDMENTS
2006—Par. (9)(C). Pub. L. 109–304 substituted ‘‘section
70502(b) of title 46, United States Code’’ for ‘‘section
3(b) of the Maritime Drug Enforcement Act, as amend-
ed (46 U.S.C., App. sec. 1903(b))’’.
CHAPTER 12—CIVIL DISORDERS
Sec.
231.
Civil disorders.
232.
Definitions.
233.
Preemption.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1968—Pub. L. 90–284, title X, § 1002(a), Apr. 11, 1968, 82
Stat. 90, added chapter 12 and items 231 to 233.
§ 231. Civil disorders
(a)(1) Whoever teaches or demonstrates to any
other person the use, application, or making of
any firearm or explosive or incendiary device, or
technique capable of causing injury or death to
persons, knowing or having reason to know or
intending that the same will be unlawfully em-
ployed for use in, or in furtherance of, a civil
disorder which may in any way or degree ob-
struct, delay, or adversely affect commerce or
the movement of any article or commodity in
commerce or the conduct or performance of any
federally protected function; or
(2) Whoever transports or manufactures for
transportation in commerce any firearm, or ex-
plosive or incendiary device, knowing or having
reason to know or intending that the same will
be used unlawfully in furtherance of a civil dis-
order; or
(3) Whoever commits or attempts to commit
any act to obstruct
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 232
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