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20 U.S.C. § 1136a — Legal educational opportunity program
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program authority** The Secretary shall carry out a program to be known as the “Thurgood Marshall Legal Educational Opportunity Program” designed to provide low-income, minority, or disadvantaged secondary school and college students with the information, preparation, and financial assistance to gain access to and complete law school study and admission to law practice.
**(b) Eligibility** A secondary school student or college student is eligible for assistance under this section if the student is—
(1) from a low-income family;
(2) a minority; or
(3) from an economically or otherwise disadvantaged background.
**(c) Contract or grant authorized** The Secretary is authorized to enter into a contract with, or make a grant to, the Council on Legal Education Opportunity, for a period of not less than 5 years—
(1) to identify secondary school and college students who are from low-income families, are minorities, or are from disadvantaged backgrounds described in subsection (b)(3);
(2) to prepare such students for successful completion of a baccalaureate degree and for study at accredited law schools, and to assist them with the development of analytical skills, writing skills, and study methods to enhance the students’ success in, and promote the students’ admission to and completion of, law school;
(3) to assist such students to select the appropriate law school, make application for entry into law school, and receive financial assistance for such study;
(4) to provide support services to such students who are first-year law students to improve retention and success in law school studies;
(5) to motivate and prepare such students—
(A) with respect to law school studies and practice in low-income communities; and
(B) to provide legal services to low-inco
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_c9e9cc5b107b306d02937a04
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-20/section-1136a-legal-educational-opportunity-program--1630a07c44.md
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Source location: Title 20, Chapter 28, § 1136a; chapter-028-higher-education-resources-and-student-assistance.md
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**(a) Program authority** The Secretary shall carry out a program to be known as the “Thurgood Marshall Legal Educational Opportunity Program” designed to provide low-income, minority, or disadvantaged secondary school and college students with the information, preparation, and financial assistance to gain access to and complete law school study and admission to law practice.
**(b) Eligibility** A secondary school student or college student is eligible for assistance under this section if the student is—
(1) from a low-income family;
(2) a minority; or
(3) from an economically or otherwise disadvantaged background.
**(c) Contract or grant authorized** The Secretary is authorized to enter into a contract with, or make a grant to, the Council on Legal Education Opportunity, for a period of not less than 5 years—
(1) to identify secondary school and college students who are from low-income families, are minorities, or are from disadvantaged backgrounds described in subsection (b)(3);
(2) to prepare such students for successful completion of a baccalaureate degree and for study at accredited law schools, and to assist them with the development of analytical skills, writing skills, and study methods to enhance the students’ success in, and promote the students’ admission to and completion of, law school;
(3) to assist such students to select the appropriate law school, make application for entry into law school, and receive financial assistance for such study;
(4) to provide support services to such students who are first-year law students to improve retention and success in law school studies;
(5) to motivate and prepare such students—
(A) with respect to law school studies and practice in low-income communities; and
(B) to provide legal services to low-income individuals and families; and
(6) to award Thurgood Marshall Fellowships to eligible law school students—
(A) who participated in summer institutes under subsection (d)(6) and who are enrolled in an accredited law school; or
(B) who have successfully completed a comparable summer institute program that is certified by the Council on Legal Education Opportunity.
**(d) Services provided** In carrying out the purposes described in subsection (c), the contract or grant shall provide for the delivery of services through pre-college programs, undergraduate prelaw information resource centers, summer institutes, midyear seminars, and other educational activities, conducted under this section. Such services may include—
(1) information and counseling regarding—
(A) accredited law school academic programs, especially tuition, fees, and admission requirements;
(B) course work offered and required for law school graduation;
(C) faculty specialties and areas of legal emphasis; and
(D) pre-college and undergraduate preparatory courses in analytical and writing skills, study methods, and course selection;
(2) summer academic programs for secondary school students who have expressed interest in a career in the law;
(3) tutoring and academic counseling, including assistance in preparing for bar examinations;
(4) prelaw mentoring programs, involving law school faculty, members of State and local bar associations, and retired and sitting judges, justices, and magistrates;
(5) assistance in identifying preparatory courses and material for the law school aptitude or admissions tests;
(6) summer institutes for Thurgood Marshall Fellows that expose the Fellows to a rigorous curriculum that emphasizes abstract thinking, legal analysis, research, writing, and examination techniques; and
(7) midyear seminars and other educational activities that are designed to reinforce reading, writing, and studying skills of Thurgood Marshall Fellows and Associates.
**(e) Duration of provision of services** The services described in subsection (d) may be provided—
(1) prior to the period of law school study, including before and during undergraduate study;
(2) during the period of law school study; and
(3) during the period following law school study and prior to taking a bar examination.
**(f) Subcontracts and subgrants** For the purposes of planning, developing, or delivering one or more of the services described in subsection (d), the Council on Legal Education Opportunity shall enter into subcontracts with, and make subgrants to, institutions of higher education, law schools, public and private agencies and organizations, national and State bar associations, and combinations of such institutions, schools, agencies, organizations, and associations.
**(g) Fellowships and stipends** The Secretary shall annually establish the maximum fellowship to be awarded, and the maximum stipend to be paid (including allowances for participant travel and for the travel of the dependents of the participant), to Thurgood Marshall Fellows or Associates for the period of participation in summer institutes, midyear seminars, and bar preparation seminars. A Thurgood Marshall Fellow or Associate may be eligible for such a fellowship or stipend only if the Fellow or Associate maintains satisfactory academic progress toward the Juris Doctor or Bachelor of Laws degree, as determined by the respective institutions (except with respect to a law school graduate enrolled in a bar preparation course).
**(h) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purpose; definitions**
(1) The purpose of this section is to establish a program to provide matching grants to eligible institutions in order to establish or increase endowment funds at such institutions, to provide additional incentives to promote fund raising activities by such institutions, and to foster increased independence and self-sufficiency at such institutions.
(2) For the purpose of this section:
(A) The term “endowment fund” means a fund established by State law, by an institution of higher education, or by a foundation which is exempt from taxation and is maintained for the purpose of generating income for the support of the institution, but which shall not include real estate.
(B) The term “endowment fund corpus” means an amount equal to the grant or grants awarded under this section plus an amount equal to such grant or grants provided by the institution.
(C) The term “endowment fund income” means an amount equal to the total value of the endowment fund established under this section minus the endowment fund corpus.
(D)
(i) The term “eligible institution” means an institution that is an—
(I) eligible institution under part A or would be considered to be such an institution if [section 1058(b)(1)(C) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1058/b/1/C&num=0&edition=prelim) referred to a postgraduate degree rather than a bachelor’s degree;
(II) institution eligible for assistance under part B or would be considered to be such an institution if [section 1063 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1063&num=0&edition=prelim) referred to a postgraduate degree rather than a baccalaureate degree; or
(III) institution
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1066
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Masters degree programs at historically Black colleges and universities** There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out [section 1136a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1136a&num=0&edition=prelim) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.
**(b) Masters degree programs at predominantly Black institutions** There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out [section 1136b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1136b&num=0&edition=prelim) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1137
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) education is fundamental to the development of individual citizens and the progress of the Nation;
(2) there is a continuing need to ensure equal access for all Americans to educational opportunities of a high quality, and such educational opportunities should not be denied because of race, creed, color, national origin, or sex;
(3) parents have the primary responsibility for the education of their children, and States, localities, and private institutions have the primary responsibility for supporting that parental role;
(4) in our Federal system, the primary public responsibility for education is reserved respectively to the States and the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States;
(5) the American people benefit from a diversity of educational settings, including public and private schools, libraries, museums and other institutions, the workplace, the community, and the home;
(6) the importance of education is increasing as new technologies and alternative approaches to traditional education are considered, as society becomes more complex, and as equal opportunities in education and employment are promoted;
(7) there is a need for improvement in the management and coordination of Federal education programs to support more effectively State, local, and private institutions, students, and parents in carrying out their educational responsibilities;
(8) the dispersion of education programs across a large number of Federal agencies has led to fragmented, duplicative, and often inconsistent Federal policies relating to education;
(9) Presidential and public consideration of issues relating to Federal education programs is hindered by the present organizational position of education programs in the executive branch
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 3401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 802
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1136a
Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(c)(3), (4), added
pars. (5) and (6) and struck out former par. (5) which
read as follows: ‘‘to motivate and prepare such students
with respect to law school studies and practice in low-
income communities.’’
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(d)(1), which directed
insertion of ‘‘pre-college programs, undergraduate’’ be-
fore ‘‘pre-law’’, was executed by making insertion be-
fore ‘‘prelaw’’ in introductory provisions, to reflect the
probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(d)(2)(A), in-
serted ‘‘law school’’ before ‘‘graduation’’.
Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(d)(2)(B), added
subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which
read as follows: ‘‘undergraduate preparatory courses
and curriculum selection;’’.
Subsec. (d)(2) to (7). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(d)(3)–(5),
added par. (2), redesignated former pars. (2) to (6) as (3)
to (7), respectively, and in par. (7), inserted ‘‘and Asso-
ciates’’ after ‘‘Thurgood Marshall Fellows’’.
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(e), inserted
‘‘, including before and during undergraduate study’’
before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(f), inserted ‘‘national
and State bar associations,’’ after ‘‘private agencies
and organizations,’’ and substituted ‘‘organizations,
and associations’’ for ‘‘and organizations’’.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–315, § 704(g), amended subsec.
(g) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
‘‘The Secretary shall annually establish the maximum
stipend to be paid (including allowances for participant
travel and for the travel of the dependents of the par-
ticipant) to Thurgood Marshall Fellows for the period
of participation in summer insti
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 20 U.S.C. § 1136a
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