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17 U.S.C. § 503 — Remedies for infringement: Impounding and disposition of infringing articles
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) At any time while an action under this title is pending, the court may order the impounding, on such terms as it may deem reasonable—
(A) of all copies or phonorecords claimed to have been made or used in violation of the exclusive right of the copyright owner;
(B) of all plates, molds, matrices, masters, tapes, film negatives, or other articles by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be reproduced; and
(C) of records documenting the manufacture, sale, or receipt of things involved in any such violation, provided that any records seized under this subparagraph shall be taken into the custody of the court.
(2) For impoundments of records ordered under paragraph (1)(C), the court shall enter an appropriate protective order with respect to discovery and use of any records or information that has been impounded. The protective order shall provide for appropriate procedures to ensure that confidential, private, proprietary, or privileged information contained in such records is not improperly disclosed or used.
(3) The relevant provisions of paragraphs (2) through (11) of section 34(d) of the Trademark Act ([15 U.S.C. 1116(d)(2)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1116/d/2&num=0&edition=prelim) through (11)) shall extend to any impoundment of records ordered under paragraph (1)(C) that is based upon an ex parte application, notwithstanding the provisions of rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Any references in paragraphs (2) through (11) of section 34(d) of the Trademark Act to section 32 of such Act shall be read as references to [section 501 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title17-section501&num=0&edition=prelim), and references to use of a co
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Source location: Title 17, Chapter 5, § 503; chapter-005-copyright-infringement-and-remedies.md
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**(a)**
(1) At any time while an action under this title is pending, the court may order the impounding, on such terms as it may deem reasonable—
(A) of all copies or phonorecords claimed to have been made or used in violation of the exclusive right of the copyright owner;
(B) of all plates, molds, matrices, masters, tapes, film negatives, or other articles by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be reproduced; and
(C) of records documenting the manufacture, sale, or receipt of things involved in any such violation, provided that any records seized under this subparagraph shall be taken into the custody of the court.
(2) For impoundments of records ordered under paragraph (1)(C), the court shall enter an appropriate protective order with respect to discovery and use of any records or information that has been impounded. The protective order shall provide for appropriate procedures to ensure that confidential, private, proprietary, or privileged information contained in such records is not improperly disclosed or used.
(3) The relevant provisions of paragraphs (2) through (11) of section 34(d) of the Trademark Act ([15 U.S.C. 1116(d)(2)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1116/d/2&num=0&edition=prelim) through (11)) shall extend to any impoundment of records ordered under paragraph (1)(C) that is based upon an ex parte application, notwithstanding the provisions of rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Any references in paragraphs (2) through (11) of section 34(d) of the Trademark Act to section 32 of such Act shall be read as references to [section 501 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title17-section501&num=0&edition=prelim), and references to use of a counterfeit mark in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services shall be read as references to infringement of a copyright.
**(b)** As part of a final judgment or decree, the court may order the destruction or other reasonable disposition of all copies or phonorecords found to have been made or used in violation of the copyright owner’s exclusive rights, and of all plates, molds, matrices, masters, tapes, film negatives, or other articles by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be reproduced.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) Any person who shall, without the consent of the registrant— (a) use in commerce any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation of a registered mark in connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or advertising of any goods or services on or in connection with which such use is likely to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive; or (b) reproduce, counterfeit, copy, or colorably imitate a registered mark and apply such reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation to labels, signs, prints, packages, wrappers, receptacles or advertisements intended to be used in commerce upon or in connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or advertising of goods or services on or in connection with which such use is likely to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive, shall be liable in a civil action by the registrant for the remedies hereinafter provided. Under subsection (b) hereof, the registrant shall not be entitled to recover profits or damages unless the acts have been committed with knowledge that such imitation is intended to be used to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive. As used in this paragraph, the term “any person” includes the United States, all agencies and instrumentalities thereof, and all individuals, firms, corporations, or other persons acting for the United States and with the authorization and consent of the United States, and any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his or her official capacity. The United States, all agencies and instrumentalities thereof, and all individuals, firms, corporations, other persons acting for the United States and with the authorization and consent of the Un
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Application for use of trademark**
(1) The owner of a trademark used in commerce may request registration of its trademark on the principal register hereby established by paying the prescribed fee and filing in the Patent and Trademark Office an application and a verified statement, in such form as may be prescribed by the Director, and such number of specimens or facsimiles of the mark as used as may be required by the Director.
(2) The application shall include specification of the applicant’s domicile and citizenship, the date of the applicant’s first use of the mark, the date of the applicant’s first use of the mark in commerce, the goods in connection with which the mark is used, and a drawing of the mark.
(3) The statement shall be verified by the applicant and specify that—
(A) the person making the verification believes that he or she, or the juristic person in whose behalf he or she makes the verification, to be the owner of the mark sought to be registered;
(B) to the best of the verifier’s knowledge and belief, the facts recited in the application are accurate;
(C) the mark is in use in commerce; and
(D) to the best of the verifier’s knowledge and belief, no other person has the right to use such mark in commerce either in the identical form thereof or in such near resemblance thereto as to be likely, when used on or in connection with the goods of such other person, to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive, except that, in the case of every application claiming concurrent use, the applicant shall—
(i) state exceptions to the claim of exclusive use; and
(ii) shall 11 So in original. The word “shall” probably should not appear. specify, to the extent of the verifier’s knowledge—
(I) any concurrent use by othe
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner as provided by sections 106 through 122 or of the author as provided in section 106A(a), or who imports copies or phonorecords into the United States in violation of section 602, is an infringer of the copyright or right of the author, as the case may be. For purposes of this chapter (other than section 506), any reference to copyright shall be deemed to include the rights conferred by section 106A(a). As used in this subsection, the term “anyone” includes any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his or her official capacity. Any State, and any such instrumentality, officer, or employee, shall be subject to the provisions of this title in the same manner and to the same extent as any nongovernmental entity.
**(b)** The legal or beneficial owner of an exclusive right under a copyright is entitled, subject to the requirements of section 411, to institute an action for any infringement of that particular right committed while he or she is the owner of it. The court may require such owner to serve written notice of the action with a copy of the complaint upon any person shown, by the records of the Copyright Office or otherwise, to have or claim an interest in the copyright, and shall require that such notice be served upon any person whose interest is likely to be affected by a decision in the case. The court may require the joinder, and shall permit the intervention, of any person having or claiming an interest in the copyright.
**(c)** For any secondary transmission by a cable system that embodies a performance or a display of a work which is actionable as an act of infringement under subsection (c) of section 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Jurisdiction; service** The several courts vested with jurisdiction of civil actions arising under this chapter shall have power to grant injunctions, according to the principles of equity and upon such terms as the court may deem reasonable, to prevent the violation of any right of the registrant of a mark registered in the Patent and Trademark Office or to prevent a violation under subsection (a), (c), or (d) of [section 1125 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1125&num=0&edition=prelim). A plaintiff seeking any such injunction shall be entitled to a rebuttable presumption of irreparable harm upon a finding of a violation identified in this subsection in the case of a motion for a permanent injunction or upon a finding of likelihood of success on the merits for a violation identified in this subsection in the case of a motion for a preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order. Any such injunction may include a provision directing the defendant to file with the court and serve on the plaintiff within thirty days after the service on the defendant of such injunction, or such extended period as the court may direct, a report in writing under oath setting forth in detail the manner and form in which the defendant has complied with the injunction. Any such injunction granted upon hearing, after notice to the defendant, by any district court of the United States, may be served on the parties against whom such injunction is granted anywhere in the United States where they may be found, and shall be operative and may be enforced by proceedings to punish for contempt, or otherwise, by the court by which such injunction was granted, or by any other United States district court in whose jurisdiction the defend
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1314
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 1116
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘manufacturer’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 105–330 effective Oct. 30, 1998,
and applicable only to any civil action filed or pro-
ceeding before the United States Patent and Trade-
mark Office commenced on or after such date relating
to the registration of a mark, see section 201(b) of Pub.
L. 105–330, set out as a note under section 1051 of this
title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–667 effective one year
after Nov. 16, 1988, see section 136 of Pub. L. 100–667, set
out as a note under section 1051 of this title.
REPEAL AND EFFECT ON EXISTING RIGHTS
Repeal of inconsistent provisions, effect of this chap-
ter on pending proceedings and existing registrations
and rights under prior acts, see notes set out under sec-
tion 1051 of this title.
§ 1116. Injunctive relief
(a) Jurisdiction; service
The several courts vested with jurisdiction of
civil actions arising under this chapter shall
have power to grant injunctions, according to
the principles of equity and upon such terms as
the court may deem reasonable, to prevent the
violation of any right of the registrant of a
mark registered in the Patent and Trademark
Office or to prevent a violation under subsection
(a), (c), or (d) of section 1125 of this title. A
plaintiff seeking any such injunction shall be
entitled to a rebuttable presumption of irrep-
arable harm upon a finding of a violation identi-
fied in this subsection in the case of a motion
for a permanent injunction or upon a finding of
likelihood of success on the merits for a viola-
tion identified in this subsection in the case of
a motion for a preliminary
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 168
TITLE 17—COPYRIGHTS
§ 502
forming rights, a defendant must either actively oper-
ate or supervise the operation of the place wherein the
performances occur, or control the content of the in-
fringing program, and expect commercial gain from the
operation and either direct or indirect benefit from the
infringing performance. The committee has decided
that no justification exists for changing existing law,
and causing a significant erosion of the public perform-
ance right.
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 338(a) of the Communications Act of 1934, re-
ferred to in subsec. (f)(2), is classified to section 338(a)
of Title 47, Telecommunications.
AMENDMENTS
2019—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–94 substituted ‘‘section
119(a)(3)’’ for ‘‘section 119(a)(5)’’.
2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted ‘‘122’’ for
‘‘121’’.
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–44 substituted ‘‘121’’ for
‘‘118’’.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title I,
§ 1011(b)(3)], substituted ‘‘performance or display of a
work embodied in a primary transmission’’ for ‘‘pri-
mary transmission embodying the performance or dis-
play of a work’’.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title I,
§ 1002(b)], added subsec. (f).
1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–650 inserted ‘‘or of the
author as provided in section 106A(a)’’ after ‘‘118’’ and
substituted ‘‘copyright or right of the author, as the
case may be. For purposes of this chapter (other than
section 506), any reference to copyright shall be deemed
to include the rights conferred by section 106A(a).’’ for
‘‘copyright.’’
Pub. L. 101–553 inserted sentences at end defining
‘‘anyone’’ and providing that any State and any instru-
mentality, officer, or employee be subject to the provi-
sions of this title in the same
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