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29 U.S.C. § 169 — Employees with religious convictions; payment of dues and fees
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any employee who is a member of and adheres to established and traditional tenets or teachings of a bona fide religion, body, or sect which has historically held conscientious objections to joining or financially supporting labor organizations shall not be required to join or financially support any labor organization as a condition of employment; except that such employee may be required in a contract between such employees’ employer and a labor organization in lieu of periodic dues and initiation fees, to pay sums equal to such dues and initiation fees to a nonreligious, nonlabor organization charitable fund exempt from taxation under [section 501(c)(3) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section501/c/3&num=0&edition=prelim), chosen by such employee from a list of at least three such funds, designated in such contract or if the contract fails to designate such funds, then to any such fund chosen by the employee. If such employee who holds conscientious objections pursuant to this section requests the labor organization to use the grievance-arbitration procedure on the employee’s behalf, the labor organization is authorized to charge the employee for the reasonable cost of using such procedure.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_c508a88022c64f022210d903
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-29/section-169-employees-with-religious-convictions-payment-of-dues-and-fees--c0c507f1f7.md
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Source location: Title 29, Chapter 7, § 169; chapter-007-labor-management-relations.md
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Any employee who is a member of and adheres to established and traditional tenets or teachings of a bona fide religion, body, or sect which has historically held conscientious objections to joining or financially supporting labor organizations shall not be required to join or financially support any labor organization as a condition of employment; except that such employee may be required in a contract between such employees’ employer and a labor organization in lieu of periodic dues and initiation fees, to pay sums equal to such dues and initiation fees to a nonreligious, nonlabor organization charitable fund exempt from taxation under [section 501(c)(3) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section501/c/3&num=0&edition=prelim), chosen by such employee from a list of at least three such funds, designated in such contract or if the contract fails to designate such funds, then to any such fund chosen by the employee. If such employee who holds conscientious objections pursuant to this section requests the labor organization to use the grievance-arbitration procedure on the employee’s behalf, the labor organization is authorized to charge the employee for the reasonable cost of using such procedure.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of Boards of Inquiry; membership** If, in the opinion of the Director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, a threatened or actual strike or lockout affecting a health care institution will, if permitted to occur or to continue, substantially interrupt the delivery of health care in the locality concerned, the Director may further assist in the resolution of the impasse by establishing within 30 days after the notice to the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service under clause (A) of the last sentence of [section 158(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section158/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (which is required by clause (3) of such [section 158(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section158/d&num=0&edition=prelim)), or within 10 days after the notice under clause (B), an impartial Board of Inquiry to investigate the issues involved in the dispute and to make a written report thereon to the parties within fifteen (15) days after the establishment of such a Board. The written report shall contain the findings of fact together with the Board’s recommendations for settling the dispute, with the objective of achieving a prompt, peaceful and just settlement of the dispute. Each such Board shall be composed of such number of individuals as the Director may deem desirable. No member appointed under this section shall have any interest or involvement in the health care institutions or the employee organizations involved in the dispute.
**(b) Compensation of members of Boards of Inquiry**
(1) Members of any board established under this section who are otherwise employed by the Federal Government shall serve without compensation but shall be reimbur
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 183
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this subchapter—
(1) The term “person” includes one or more individuals, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, or receivers.
(2) The term “employer” includes any person acting as an agent of an employer, directly or indirectly, but shall not include the United States or any wholly owned Government corporation, or any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof, or any person subject to the Railway Labor Act [[45 U.S.C. 151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], as amended from time to time, or any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer), or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization.
(3) The term “employee” shall include any employee, and shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless this subchapter explicitly states otherwise, and shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice, and who has not obtained any other regular and substantially equivalent employment, but shall not include any individual employed as an agricultural laborer, or in the domestic service of any family or person at his home, or any individual employed by his parent or spouse, or any individual having the status of an independent contractor, or any individual employed as a supervisor, or any individual employed by an employer subject to the Railway Labor Act [[45 U.S.C. 151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], as amended from time to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 152
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Unfair labor practices by employer** It shall be an unfair labor practice for an employer—
(1) to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in [section 157 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section157&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) to dominate or interfere with the formation or administration of any labor organization or contribute financial or other support to it: Provided, That subject to rules and regulations made and published by the Board pursuant to [section 156 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section156&num=0&edition=prelim), an employer shall not be prohibited from permitting employees to confer with him during working hours without loss of time or pay;
(3) by discrimination in regard to hire or tenure of employment or any term or condition of employment to encourage or discourage membership in any labor organization: Provided, That nothing in this subchapter, or in any other statute of the United States, shall preclude an employer from making an agreement with a labor organization (not established, maintained, or assisted by any action defined in this subsection as an unfair labor practice) to require as a condition of employment membership therein on or after the thirtieth day following the beginning of such employment or the effective date of such agreement, whichever is the later, (i) if such labor organization is the representative of the employees as provided in [section 159(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section159/a&num=0&edition=prelim), in the appropriate collective-bargaining unit covered by such agreement when made, and (ii) unless following an e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 158
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 52
TITLE 29—LABOR
§ 167
(July 5, 1935, ch. 372, § 16, 49 Stat. 457; June 23,
1947, ch. 120, title I, § 101, 61 Stat. 151.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1947—Act June 23, 1947, amended section generally by
inserting new subject matter which was formerly cov-
ered by section 165 of this title. Section formerly re-
ferred to short title of chapter, see section 167 of this
title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1947 AMENDMENT
For effective date of amendment by act June 23, 1947,
see section 104 of act June 23, 1947, set out as a note
under section 151 of this title.
§ 167. Short title of subchapter
This subchapter may be cited as the ‘‘National
Labor Relations Act’’.
(July 5, 1935, ch. 372, § 17, as added June 23, 1947,
ch. 120, title I, § 101, 61 Stat. 152.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
For effective date of amendment by act June 23, 1947,
see section 104 of act June 23, 1947, set out as a note
under section 151 of this title.
§ 168. Validation of certificates and other Board
actions
No petition entertained, no investigation
made, no election held, and no certification
issued by the National Labor Relations Board,
under any of the provisions of section 159 of this
title, shall be invalid by reason of the failure of
the Congress of Industrial Organizations to have
complied with the requirements of section 159(f),
(g), or (h) of this title prior to December 22, 1949,
or by reason of the failure of the American Fed-
eration of Labor to have complied with the pro-
visions of section 159(f), (g), or (h) of this title
prior to November 7, 1947: Provided, That no li-
ability shall be imposed under any provision of
this chapter upon any person for failure to
honor any election or certificate r
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 29 U.S.C. § 169
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