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51 U.S.C. § 70502 — Exploration plan and programs

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 70502 — Exploration plan and programs

The Administrator shall— (1) construct an architecture and implementation plan for the Administration’s human exploration program that is not critically dependent on the achievement of milestones by fixed dates; (2) implement an exploration research and technology development program to enable human and robotic operations consistent with [section 20302(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20302/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) conduct an in-situ resource utilization technology program to develop the capability to use space resources to increase independence from Earth, and sustain exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and (4) pursue aggressively automated rendezvous and docking capabilities that can support the International Space Station and other mission requirements.

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Source location: Title 51, Chapter 705, § 70502; chapter-705-exploration-initiatives.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 16766, 16767 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444

### Statutory Notes Section 16763, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 503, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to requirements for exploration programs. See [section 70502 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70502&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs. Section 16764, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 504, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to ground-based analog capabilities. See [section 70503 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70503&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 16765, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 505, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to International Space Station completion. See [section 70904 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70904&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 20302 — Vision for space exploration

**(a) In General.—** The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence in cis-lunar space or on the Moon, including a robust precursor program, to promote exploration, science, commerce, and United States preeminence in space, and as a stepping-stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations. The Administrator is further authorized to develop and conduct appropriate international collaborations in pursuit of these goals. **(b) Future Exploration of Mars.—** The Administrator shall manage human space flight programs, including the Space Launch System and Orion, to enable humans to explore Mars and other destinations by defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning, research, and technology development on a timetable that is technically and fiscally possible, consistent with section 70504. **(c) Definitions.—** In this section: (1) **Orion.—** — The term “Orion” means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 ([42 U.S.C. 18323](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section18323&num=0&edition=prelim)). (2) **Space launch system.—** — The term “Space Launch System” means has the meaning 11 So in original. given the term in section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 ([42 U.S.C. 18302](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section18302&num=0&edition=prelim)).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 70502 — Exploration plan and programs

Page 172 TITLE 51—NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS § 70502 and workload between the Centers to mitigate the brunt of job losses being borne by only certain Centers; (3) new workload, tasks, initiatives, and missions being secured for the affected Centers; and (4) overall projec- tions of future civil service and contractor workforce levels at the affected Centers. The Administrator shall transmit this strategy to Congress not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007]. The Administrator shall update and transmit to Congress this strategy not less than every six months thereafter until the successor human-rated space trans- port vehicle is fully operational.’’ Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 502, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2928, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator [of the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall, to the fullest extent possible consistent with a successful development program, use the personnel, capabilities, assets, and infrastructure of the Space Shuttle program in developing the Crew Exploration Vehicle, Crew Launch Vehicle, and a heavy-lift launch vehicle. ‘‘(b) PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 30, 2005], the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Science [now Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a plan describing how NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] will proceed with its human space flight programs, which, at a minimum, shall de- scribe— ‘‘(1) how NASA will deploy personnel from, and use the facilities of, the Space Shuttle program to ensure that the Space Shuttle operates as saf

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