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12 U.S.C. § 93 — Violation of provisions of chapter

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 93 — Violation of provisions of chapter

**(a) Forfeiture of franchise; personal liability of directors** If the directors of any national banking association shall knowingly violate, or knowingly permit any of the officers, agents, or servants of the association to violate any of the provisions of title 62 of the Revised Statutes, all the rights, privileges, and franchises of the association shall be thereby forfeited. Such violation shall, however, be determined and adjudged by a proper district or Territorial court of the United States in a suit brought for that purpose by the Comptroller of the Currency, in his own name, before the association shall be declared dissolved. And in cases of such violation, every director who participated in or assented to the same shall be held liable in his personal and individual capacity for all damages which the association, its shareholders, or any other person, shall have sustained in consequence of such violation. **(b) Civil money penalty** (1) **First tier** — Any national banking association which, and any institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813/u&num=0&edition=prelim)) with respect to such association who, violates any provision of title 62 of the Revised Statutes or any of the provisions of [section 92a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section92a&num=0&edition=prelim), or any regulation issued pursuant thereto, shall forfeit and pay a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each day during which such violation continues. (2) **Second tier** — Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any national banking association which, and any institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u

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Source location: Title 12, Chapter 2, § 93; chapter-002-national-banks.md

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**(a) Forfeiture of franchise; personal liability of directors** If the directors of any national banking association shall knowingly violate, or knowingly permit any of the officers, agents, or servants of the association to violate any of the provisions of title 62 of the Revised Statutes, all the rights, privileges, and franchises of the association shall be thereby forfeited. Such violation shall, however, be determined and adjudged by a proper district or Territorial court of the United States in a suit brought for that purpose by the Comptroller of the Currency, in his own name, before the association shall be declared dissolved. And in cases of such violation, every director who participated in or assented to the same shall be held liable in his personal and individual capacity for all damages which the association, its shareholders, or any other person, shall have sustained in consequence of such violation. **(b) Civil money penalty** (1) **First tier** — Any national banking association which, and any institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813/u&num=0&edition=prelim)) with respect to such association who, violates any provision of title 62 of the Revised Statutes or any of the provisions of [section 92a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section92a&num=0&edition=prelim), or any regulation issued pursuant thereto, shall forfeit and pay a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each day during which such violation continues. (2) **Second tier** — Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any national banking association which, and any institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813/u&num=0&edition=prelim)) with respect to such association who, commits any violation described in paragraph (1) which— 11 So in original. The words “, commits any violation described in paragraph (1) which” probably should not appear. (A) (i) commits any violation described in any 22 So in original. The word “any” probably should not appear. paragraph (1); (ii) recklessly engages in an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting the affairs of such association; or (iii) breaches any fiduciary duty; (B) which violation, practice, or breach— (i) is part of a pattern of misconduct; (ii) causes or is likely to cause more than a minimal loss to such association; or (iii) results in pecuniary gain or other benefit to such party, shall forfeit and pay a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each day during which such violation, practice, or breach continues. (3) **Third tier** — Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), any national banking association which, and any institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813/u&num=0&edition=prelim)) with respect to such association who— (A) knowingly— (i) commits any violation described in paragraph (1); (ii) engages in any unsafe or unsound practice in conducting the affairs of such association; or (iii) breaches any fiduciary duty; and (B) knowingly or recklessly causes a substantial loss to such association or a substantial pecuniary gain or other benefit to such party by reason of such violation, practice, or breach, shall forfeit and pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed the applicable maximum amount determined under paragraph (4) for each day during which such violation, practice, or breach continues. (4) **Maximum amounts of penalties for any violation described in paragraph (3)** — The maximum daily amount of any civil penalty which may be assessed pursuant to paragraph (3) for any violation, practice, or breach described in such paragraph is— (A) in the case of any person other than a national banking association, an amount to not 33 So in original. Probably should be “not to”. exceed $1,000,000; and (B) in the case of a national banking association, an amount not to exceed the lesser of— (i) $1,000,000; or (ii) 1 percent of the total assets of such association. (5) **Assessment; etc.** — Any penalty imposed under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) shall be assessed and collected by the Comptroller of the Currency in the manner provided in subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (I) of [section 1818(i)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1818/i/2&num=0&edition=prelim) for penalties imposed (under such section) and any such assessment shall be subject to the provisions of such section. (6) **Hearing** — The association or other person against whom any penalty is assessed under this subsection shall be afforded an agency hearing if such association or person submits a request for such hearing within 20 days after the issuance of the notice of assessment. [Section 1818(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1818/h&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to any proceeding under this subsection. (7) **Disbursement** — All penalties collected under authority of this subsection shall be deposited into the Treasury. (8) **“Violate” defined** — For purposes of this section, the term “violate” includes any action (alone or with another or others) for or toward causing, bringing about, participating in, counseling, or aiding or abetting a violation. (12) **44 So in original. No pars. (9) to (11) have been enacted. Regulations** — The Comptroller shall prescribe regulations establishing such procedures as may be necessary to carry out this subsection. **(c) Notice under this section after separation from service** The resignation, termination of employment or participation, or separation of an institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of [section 1813(u) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813/u&num=0&edition=prelim)) with respect to such an association (including a separation caused by the closing of such an association) shall not affect the jurisdiction and authority of the Comptroller of the Currency to issue any notice and proceed under this section against any such party, if such notice is served before the end of the 6-year period beginning on the date such party ceased to be such a party with respect to such association (whether such date occurs before, on, or after August 9, 1989). **(d) Forfeiture of franchise for money laundering or cash transaction reporting offenses** (1) **In general** (A) *Conviction of title 18 offenses* (i) *Duty to notify* — If a national bank, a Federal branch, or Federal agency has been convicted of any criminal offense under section 1956 or 1957 of title 18, the Attorney General shall provide to the Comptroller of the Currency a written notification of the conviction and shall include a certified copy of the order of conviction from the court rendering the decision. (ii) *Notice of termination; pretermination hearing* — After receiving written notification from the Attorney General of such a conviction, the Comptroller of the Currency shall issue to the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency a notice of the Comptroller’s intention to terminate all rights, privileges, and franchises of the bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency and schedule a pretermination hearing. (B) *Conviction of title 31 offenses* — If a national bank, a Federal branch, or a Federal agency is convicted of any criminal offense under section 5322 or 5324 of title 31, after receiving written notification from the Attorney General, the Comptroller of the Currency may issue to the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency a notice of the Comptroller’s intention to terminate all rights, privileges, and franchises of the bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency and schedule a pretermination hearing. (C) *Judicial review* — [Section 1818(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1818/h&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to any proceeding under this subsection. (2) **Factors to be considered** — In determining whether a franchise shall be forfeited under paragraph (1), the Comptroller of the Currency shall take into account the following factors: (A) The extent to which directors or senior executive officers of the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency knew of, or were involved in, the commission of the money laundering offense of which the bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency was found guilty. (B) The extent to which the offense occurred despite the existence of policies and procedures within the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency which were designed to prevent the occurrence of any such offense. (C) The extent to which the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency has fully cooperated with law enforcement authorities with respect to the investigation of the money laundering offense of which the bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency was found guilty. (D) The extent to which the national bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency has implemented additional internal controls (since the commission of the offense of which the bank, Federal branch, or Federal agency was found guilty) to prevent the occurrence of any other money laundering offense. (E) The extent to which the interest of the local community in having adequate deposit and credit services available would be threatened by the forfeiture of the franchise. (3) **Successor liability** — This subsection shall not apply to a successor to the interests of, or a person who acquires, a bank, a Federal branch, or a Federal agency that violated a provision of law described in paragraph (1), if the successor succeeds to the interests of the violator, or the acquisition is made, in good faith and not for purposes of evading this subsection or regulations prescribed under this subsection. (4) **“Senior executive officer” defined** — The term “senior executive officer” has the same meaning as in regulations prescribed under [section 1831i(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1831i/f&num=0&edition=prelim). **(d) 55 So in original. Probably should be “(e)”. Authority** The Comptroller of the Currency may act in the Comptroller’s own name and through the Comptroller’s own attorneys in enforcing any provision of title 62 of the Revised Statutes, regulations thereunder, or any other law or regulation, or in any action, suit, or proceeding to which the Comptroller of the Currency is a party.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1 — Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

**(a) Office of the Comptroller of the Currency established** There is established in the Department of the Treasury a bureau to be known as the “Office of the Comptroller of the Currency” which is charged with assuring the safety and soundness of, and compliance with laws and regulations, fair access to financial services, and fair treatment of customers by, the institutions and other persons subject to its jurisdiction. **(b) Comptroller of the Currency** (1) **In general** — The chief officer of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency shall be known as the Comptroller of the Currency. The Comptroller of the Currency shall perform the duties of the Comptroller of the Currency under the general direction of the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury may not delay or prevent the issuance of any rule or the promulgation of any regulation by the Comptroller of the Currency, and may not intervene in any matter or proceeding before the Comptroller of the Currency (including agency enforcement actions), unless otherwise specifically provided by law. (2) **Additional authority** — The Comptroller of the Currency shall have the same authority with respect to functions transferred to the Comptroller of the Currency under the Enhancing Financial Institution Safety and Soundness Act of 2010 as was vested in the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision on the transfer date, as defined in section 311 of that Act [[12 U.S.C. 5411](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5411&num=0&edition=prelim)].

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 38 — The National Bank Act

The Act entitled “An Act to provide a national currency secured by a pledge of United States bonds, and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof,” approved June 3, 1864, shall be known as “The National Bank Act.”

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 5322 — Criminal penalties

**(a)** A person willfully violating this subchapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this subchapter (except section 5315, 5324, or 5336 of this title or a regulation prescribed under section 5315, 5324, or 5336), or willfully violating a regulation prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or section 123 of Public Law 91–508, shall be fined not more than $250,000, or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. **(b)** A person willfully violating this subchapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this subchapter (except section 5315, 5324, or 5336 of this title or a regulation prescribed under section 5315, 5324, or 5336), or willfully violating a regulation prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or section 123 of Public Law 91–508, while violating another law of the United States or as part of a pattern of any illegal activity involving more than $100,000 in a 12-month period, shall be fined not more than $500,000, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both. **(c)** For a violation of [section 5318(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim) or a regulation prescribed under section 5318(a)(2), a separate violation occurs for each day the violation continues and at each office, branch, or place of business at which a violation occurs or continues. **(d)** A financial institution or agency that violates any provision of subsection (i) or (j) of section 5318, or any special measures imposed under section 5318A, or any regulation prescribed under subsection (i) or (j) of section 5318 or section 5318A, shall be fined in an amount equal to not less than 2 times the amount of the transaction, but not

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 92a — Trust powers

**(a) Authority of Comptroller of the Currency** The Comptroller of the Currency shall be authorized and empowered to grant by special permit to national banks applying therefor, when not in contravention of State or local law, the right to act as trustee, executor, administrator, registrar of stocks and bonds, guardian of estates, assignee, receiver, or in any other fiduciary capacity in which State banks, trust companies, or other corporations which come into competition with national banks are permitted to act under the laws of the State in which the national bank is located. **(b) Grant and exercise of powers deemed not in contravention of State or local law** Whenever the laws of such State authorize or permit the exercise of any or all of the foregoing powers by State banks, trust companies, or other corporations which compete with national banks, the granting to and the exercise of such powers by national banks shall not be deemed to be in contravention of State or local law within the meaning of this section. **(c) Segregation of fiduciary and general assets; separate books and records; access of State banking authorities to reports of examinations, books, rec­ords, and assets** National banks exercising any or all of the powers enumerating 11 So in original. Probably should be “enumerated”. in this section shall segregate all assets held in any fiduciary capacity from the general assets of the bank and shall keep a separate set of books and records showing in proper detail all transactions engaged in under authority of this section. The State banking authorities may have access to reports of examination made by the Comptroller of the Currency insofar as such reports relate to the trust department of such bank, but nothing in this section shall be construed as

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1464 — Federal savings associations

**(a) In general** In order to provide thrift institutions for the deposit of funds and for the extension of credit for homes and other goods and services, the Comptroller of the Currency is authorized, under such regulations as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe— (1) to provide for the organization, incorporation, examination, operation, and regulation of associations to be known as Federal savings associations (including Federal savings banks), and (2) to issue charters therefor, giving primary consideration of the best practices of thrift institutions in the United States. The lending and investment powers conferred by this section are intended to encourage such institutions to provide credit for housing safely and soundly. **(b) Deposits and related powers** (1) **Deposit accounts** (A) Subject to the terms of its charter and regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, a Federal savings association may— (i) raise funds through such deposit, share, or other accounts, including demand deposit accounts (hereafter in this section referred to as “accounts”); and (ii) issue passbooks, certificates, or other evidence of accounts. (B) A Federal savings association may not permit any overdraft (including an intraday overdraft) on behalf of an affiliate, or incur any such overdraft in such savings association’s account at a Federal reserve bank or Federal home loan bank on behalf of an affiliate.All savings accounts and demand accounts shall have the same priority upon liquidation. Holders of accounts and obligors of a Federal savings association shall, to such extent as may be provided by its charter or by regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, be members of the savings association, and shall have such voting rights and such other

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1467a — Regulation of holding companies

**(a) Definitions** (1) **In general** — As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires— (A) *Savings association* — The term “savings association” includes a savings bank or cooperative bank which is deemed by the appropriate Federal banking agency to be a savings association under subsection (l). (B) *Uninsured institution* — The term “uninsured institution” means any depository institution the deposits of which are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. (C) *Company* — The term “company” means any corporation, partnership, trust, joint-stock company, or similar organization, but does not include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, or any company the majority of the shares of which is owned by the United States or any State, or by an instrumentality of the United States or any State. (D) *Savings and loan holding company* (i) *In general* — Except as provided in clause (ii), the term “savings and loan holding company” means any company that directly or indirectly controls a savings association or that controls any other company that is a savings and loan holding company. (ii) *Exclusion* — The term “savings and loan holding company” does not include— (I) a bank holding company that is registered under, and subject to, the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 ([12 U.S.C. 1841](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1841&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or to any company directly or indirectly controlled by such company (other than a savings association); (II) a company that controls a savings association that functions solely in a trust or fiduciary capacity as described in section 2(c)(2)(D) of the

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1787 — Termination of insured credit union status; cease and desist orders; removal or suspension from office; procedure

**(a) Termination of insurance** (1) Any insured credit union other than a Federal credit union may, upon not less than ninety days’ written notice to the Board and upon the affirmative vote of a majority of its members within one year prior to the giving of such notice, terminate its status as an insured credit union. (2) Any insured credit union, other than a Federal credit union, which has obtained a new certificate of insurance from a corporation authorized and duly licensed to insure member accounts may upon not less than ninety days’ written notice to the Board convert from status as an insured credit union under this chapter: Provided, That at the time of giving notice to the Board the provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section are not being invoked against the credit union. **(b) Unsound condition of credit union; notice to correct condition; hearing; judicial review** (1) Whenever, in the opinion of the Board, any insured credit union is engaging or has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting the business of such credit union, or is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations as an insured credit union, or is violating or has violated an applicable law, rule, regulation, order, or any condition imposed in writing by the Board in connection with any action on any application, notice, or other request by the credit union or institution-affiliated party,, 11 So in original. or is violating or has violated any written agreement entered into with the Board, the Board shall serve upon the credit union a statement with respect to such practices or conditions or violations for the purpose of securing the correction thereof. In the case of an insured State-chartered credit union, the Board shall send a copy of such statement to the comm

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1817 — Assessments

**(a) Reports of condition; access to reports** (1) Each insured State nonmember bank and each foreign bank having an insured branch which is not a Federal branch shall make to the Corporation reports of condition which shall be in such form and shall contain such information as the Board of Directors may require. Such reports shall be made to the Corporation on the dates selected as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection and the deposit liabilities shall be reported therein in accordance with and pursuant to paragraphs (4) and (5) of this subsection. The Board of Directors may call for additional reports of condition on dates to be fixed by it and may call for such other reports as the Board may from time to time require. Any such bank which (A) maintains procedures reasonably adapted to avoid any inadvertent error and, unintentionally and as a result of such an error, fails to make or publish any report required under this paragraph, within the period of time specified by the Corporation, or submits or publishes any false or misleading report or information, or (B) inadvertently transmits or publishes any report which is minimally late, shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $2,000 for each day during which such failure continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected. Such bank shall have the burden of proving that an error was inadvertent and that a report was inadvertently transmitted or published late. Any such bank which fails to make or publish any report required under this paragraph, within the period of time specified by the Corporation, or submits or publishes any false or misleading report or information, in a manner not described in the 2nd preceding sentence shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $20,000 for each d

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1818 — Termination of status as insured depository institution

**(a) Termination of insurance** (1) **Voluntary termination** — Any insured depository institution which is not— (A) a national member bank; (B) a State member bank; (C) a Federal branch; (D) a Federal savings association; or (E) an insured branch which is required to be insured under subsection (a) or (b) 11 See References in Text note below. of [section 3104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3104&num=0&edition=prelim), may terminate such depository institution’s status as an insured depository institution if such insured institution provides written notice to the Corporation of the institution’s intent to terminate such status not less than 90 days before the effective date of such termination. (2) **Involuntary termination** (A) *Notice to primary regulator* — If the Board of Directors determines that— (i) an insured depository institution or the directors or trustees of an insured depository institution have engaged or are engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting the business of the depository institution; (ii) an insured depository institution is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations as an insured institution; or (iii) an insured depository institution or the directors or trustees of the insured institution have violated any applicable law, regulation, order, condition imposed in writing by the Corporation in connection with the approval of any application or other request by the insured depository institution, or written agreement entered into between the insured depository institution and the Corporation, the Board of Directors shall notify the appropriate Federal banking agency with respect to such institution (if other than the Corp

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1828 — Regulations governing insured depository institutions

**(a) Representations of deposit insurance** (1) **Insured depository institutions** (A) *In general* — Each insured depository institution shall display at each place of business maintained by that institution a sign or signs relating to the insurance of the deposits of the institution, in accordance with regulations to be prescribed by the Corporation. (B) *Statement to be included* — Each sign required under subparagraph (A) shall include a statement that insured deposits are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. (2) **Regulations** — The Corporation shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection, including regulations governing the substance of signs required by paragraph (1) and the manner of display or use of such signs. (3) **Penalties** — For each day that an insured depository institution continues to violate paragraph (1) or any regulation issued under paragraph (2), it shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $100, which the Corporation may recover for its use. (4) **False advertising, misuse of FDIC names, and misrepresentation to indicate insured status** (A) *Prohibition on false advertising and misuse of FDIC names* — No person may represent or imply that any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured or guaranteed by the Corporation, if such deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is not insured or guaranteed by the Corporation— (i) by using the terms “Federal Deposit”, “Federal Deposit Insurance”, “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”, any combination of such terms, or the abbreviation “FDIC” as part of the business name or firm name of any person, including any corporation, partnership, business trust, association, or other business entity; or (ii)

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