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19 U.S.C. § 1881 — Normal trade relations

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1881 — Normal trade relations

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, in [section 1351 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1351&num=0&edition=prelim), or in section 401(a) of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962, any duty or other import restriction or duty-free treatment proclaimed in carrying out any trade agreement under this subchapter or [section 1351 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1351&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to products of all foreign countries, whether imported directly or indirectly.

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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 7, § 1881; chapter-007-trade-expansion-program.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1351 — Foreign trade agreements

**(a) Authority of President; modification and decrease of duties; altering import restrictions** (1) For the purpose of expanding foreign markets for the products of the United States (as a means of assisting in establishing and maintaining a better relationship among various branches of American agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce) by regulating the admission of foreign goods into the United States in accordance with the characteristics and needs of various branches of American production so that foreign markets will be made available to those branches of American production which require and are capable of developing such outlets by affording corresponding market opportunities for foreign products in the United States, the President, whenever he finds as a fact that any existing duties or other import restrictions of the United States or any foreign country are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purpose above declared will be promoted by the means hereinafter specified, is authorized from time to time— (A) To enter into foreign trade agreements with foreign governments or instrumentalities thereof: Provided, That the enactment of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1955 shall not be construed to determine or indicate the approval or disapproval by the Congress of the executive agreement known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. (B) To proclaim such modifications of existing duties and other import restrictions, or such additional import restrictions, or such continuance, and for such minimum periods, of existing customs or excise treatment of any article covered by foreign trade agreements, as are required or appropriate to carry out any foreign trade agreement that the President has entere

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 3522 — Tariff modifications

**(a) In general** In addition to the authority provided by [section 2902 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2902&num=0&edition=prelim), the President shall have the authority to proclaim— (1) such other modification of any duty, (2) such other staged rate reduction, or (3) such additional duties, as the President determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out Schedule XX. **(b) Other tariff modifications** Subject to the consultation and layover requirements of [section 3524 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3524&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may proclaim— (1) the modification of any duty or staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in Schedule XX if— (A) the United States agrees to such modification or staged rate reduction in a multilateral negotiation under the auspices of the WTO, and (B) such modification or staged rate reduction applies to the rate of duty on an article contained in a tariff category that was the subject of reciprocal duty elimination or harmonization negotiations during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, and (2) such modifications as are necessary to correct technical errors in Schedule XX or to make other rectifications to the Schedule. **(c) Authority to increase duties on articles from certain countries** (1) **In general** (A) *Determination with respect to certain countries* — Notwithstanding [section 1881 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1881&num=0&edition=prelim), after the entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States, if the President— (i) determines that a foreign country (other than a

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1881 — Normal trade relations

Page 447 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 1888 this section, relating to the implementation of chapter 10 of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, see section 4582(c)(2) of this title. For provisions establishing an interagency group within the interagency organization established under this section, relating to the implementation of chap- ters 18 and 19 of the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement, see section 405 of Pub. L. 100–449, set out in a note under section 2112 of this title. SENSE OF CONGRESS RESPECTING ROLE OF INTERAGENCY ORGANIZATION Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1621(b), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1264, provided that: ‘‘It is the sense of Congress that the interagency organization established under subsection (a) [amending this section] should be the principal interagency forum within the executive branch on international trade policy matters.’’ Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS FROM EAST-WEST FOREIGN TRADE BOARD East-West Foreign Trade Board, which was estab- lished by Pub. L. 93–618, title IV, § 411, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2065, and classified to section 2441 of this title, abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1979, § 6, 44 Stat. 69275, 93 Stat. 1381, eff. Jan. 2, 1980, as provided by section 1–107(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 12188, Jan. 2, 1980, 45 F.R. 993, set out as notes under section 2171 of this title, and func- tions of Board under subsecs. (a) and (b) of section 411 of Pub. L. 93–618 transferred to interagency organiza- tion established under this section by section 5(e) of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1979. See section 2441 of this title. TRADE POLICY COMMITTEE For provisions relating to Trade Policy Committee, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 11846, Mar. 27, 1975, 40 F.R. 14291, set out as a note under section 2111 of this title.

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