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28 U.S.C. § 459 — Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Each justice or judge of the United States may administer oaths and affirmations and take acknowledgments.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-459-administration-of-oaths-and-acknowledgments--a3b142ba54.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 21, § 459; chapter-021-general-provisions-applicable-to-courts-and-judges.md
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Each justice or judge of the United States may administer oaths and affirmations and take acknowledgments.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority** In any investigation or inquiry conducted for the purpose of ascertaining the correctness of any entry, for determining the liability of any person for duty, fees and taxes due or duties, fees and taxes which may be due the United States, for determining liability for fines and penalties, or for insuring compliance with the laws of the United States administered by the United States Customs Service, the Secretary (but no delegate of the Secretary below the rank of district director or special agent in charge) may—
(1) examine, or cause to be examined, upon reasonable notice, any record (which for purposes of this section, includes, but is not limited to, any statement, declaration, document, or electronically generated or machine readable data) described in the notice with reasonable specificity, which may be relevant to such investigation or inquiry, except that—
(A) if such record is required by law or regulation for the entry of the merchandise (whether or not the Customs Service required its presentation at the time of entry) it shall be provided to the Customs Service within a reasonable time after demand for its production is made, taking into consideration the number, type, and age of the item demanded; and
(B) if a person of whom demand is made under subparagraph (A) fails to comply with the demand, the person may be subject to penalty under subsection (g);
(2) summon, upon reasonable notice—
(A) the person who—
(i) imported, or knowingly caused to be imported, merchandise into the customs territory of the United States, or a vehicle producer whose good is subject to a claim of preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA (as defined in [section 4502 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-ti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1509
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Each clerk of court and his deputies may administer oaths and affirmations and take acknowledgments.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 953
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The following persons on active duty or performing inactive-duty training may administer oaths for the purposes of military administration, including military justice:
(1) All judge advocates.
(2) All summary courts-martial.
(3) All adjutants, assistant adjutants, acting adjutants, and personnel adjutants.
(4) All commanding officers of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.
(5) All staff judge advocates and legal officers, and acting or assistant staff judge advocates and legal officers.
(6) All other persons designated by regulations of the armed forces or by statute.
**(b)** The following persons on active duty or performing inactive-duty training may administer oaths necessary in the performance of their duties:
(1) The president, military judge, trial counsel, and assistant trial counsel for all general and special courts-martial.
(2) The president and the counsel for the court of any court of inquiry.
(3) All officers designated to take a deposition.
(4) All persons detailed to conduct an investigation.
(5) All recruiting officers.
(6) All other persons designated by regulations of the armed forces or by statute.
**(c)** Each judge and senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces shall have the powers relating to oaths, affirmations, and acknowledgments provided to justices and judges of the United States by [section 459 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section459&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 936
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A court, justice or judge entertaining an application for a writ of habeas corpus shall forthwith award the writ or issue an order directing the respondent to show cause why the writ should not be granted, unless it appears from the application that the applicant or person detained is not entitled thereto.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 2243
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 159
TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
§ 460
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 126 (Mar. 3, 1887,
ch. 373, § 7, 24 Stat. 555; Aug. 13, 1888, ch. 866, § 7, 25 Stat.
437; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 67, 36 Stat. 1105; Dec. 21, 1911,
ch. 4, 37 Stat. 46).
A provision referring to circuit court employees as of
December 21, 1911, was omitted as obsolete.
Changes in phraseology were made.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1998—Pub. L. 105–300 designated existing provisions as
subsec. (a)(1) and added subsecs. (a)(2) and (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 105–300, § 1(b), Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2837, pro-
vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending this section] shall
take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct.
27, 1998] and shall apply only to any individual whose
nomination is submitted to the Senate on or after such
date.’’
§ 459. Administration of oaths and acknowledg-
ments
Each justice or judge of the United States may
administer oaths and affirmations and take ac-
knowledgments.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 908.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 264, 385, section
1509 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs Duties, and
section 1114(a) of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Rev-
enue Code (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 158, 268, 36 Stat. 1139,
1163; June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 509, 46 Stat. 733;
Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, § 1114(a), 53 Stat. 160; Oct. 21, 1942, ch.
619, title V, § 504(a), (c), 56 Stat. 957; Feb. 25, 1944, ch. 63,
title V, § 503, 58 Stat. 72).
Section consolidates provisions of sections 264 and 385
of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., section 1509 of title 19,
U.S.C., 1940 ed., and section 1114(a) of ti
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 28 U.S.C. § 459
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