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15 U.S.C. § 78ff — Penalties

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 78ff — Penalties

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-78ff-penalties--2a42fb8491.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 2B, § 78ff; chapter-2b-securities-exchanges.md

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**(a) Willful violations; false and misleading statements** Any person who willfully violates any provision of this chapter (other than [section 78dd–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78dd-1&num=0&edition=prelim)), or any rule or regulation thereunder the violation of which is made unlawful or the observance of which is required under the terms of this chapter, or any person who willfully and knowingly makes, or causes to be made, any statement in any application, report, or document required to be filed under this chapter or any rule or regulation thereunder or any undertaking contained in a registration statement as provided in subsection (d) of section 78o of this title, or by any self-regulatory organization in connection with an application for membership or participation therein or to become associated with a member thereof which statement was false or misleading with respect to any material fact, shall upon conviction be fined not more than $5,000,000, or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both, except that when such person is a person other than a natural person, a fine not exceeding $25,000,000 may be imposed; but no person shall be subject to imprisonment under this section for the violation of any rule or regulation if he proves that he had no knowledge of such rule or regulation. **(b) Failure to file information, documents, or reports** Any issuer which fails to file information, documents, or reports required to be filed under subsection (d) of section 78o of this title or any rule or regulation thereunder shall forfeit to the United States the sum of $100 for each and every day such failure to file shall continue. Such forfeiture, which shall be in lieu of any criminal penalty for such failure to file which might be deemed to arise under subsection (a) of this section, shall be payable into the Treasury of the United States and shall be recoverable in a civil suit in the name of the United States. **(c) Violations by issuers, officers, directors, stockholders, employees, or agents of issuers** (1) (A) Any issuer that violates subsection (a) or (g) of [section 78dd–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78dd-1&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be fined not more than $2,000,000. (B) Any issuer that violates subsection (a) or (g) of [section 78dd–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78dd-1&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 imposed in an action brought by the Commission. (2) (A) Any officer, director, employee, or agent of an issuer, or stockholder acting on behalf of such issuer, who willfully violates subsection (a) or (g) of [section 78dd–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78dd-1&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be fined not more than $100,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (B) Any officer, director, employee, or agent of an issuer, or stockholder acting on behalf of such issuer, who violates subsection (a) or (g) of [section 78dd–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78dd-1&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 imposed in an action brought by the Commission. (3) Whenever a fine is imposed under paragraph (2) upon any officer, director, employee, agent, or stockholder of an issuer, such fine may not be paid, directly or indirectly, by such issuer.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 78b — Necessity for regulation

For the reasons hereinafter enumerated, transactions in securities as commonly conducted upon securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets are effected with a national public interest which makes it necessary to provide for regulation and control of such transactions and of practices and matters related thereto, including transactions by officers, directors, and principal security holders, to require appropriate reports, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanisms of a national market system for securities and a national system for the clearance and settlement of securities transactions and the safeguarding of securities and funds related thereto, and to impose requirements necessary to make such regulation and control reasonably complete and effective, in order to protect interstate commerce, the national credit, the Federal taxing power, to protect and make more effective the national banking system and Federal Reserve System, and to insure the maintenance of fair and honest markets in such transactions: (1) Such transactions (a) are carried on in large volume by the public generally and in large part originate outside the States in which the exchanges and over-the-counter markets are located and/or are effected by means of the mails and instrumentalities of interstate commerce; (b) constitute an important part of the current of interstate commerce; (c) involve in large part the securities of issuers engaged in interstate commerce; (d) involve the use of credit, directly affect the financing of trade, industry, and transportation in interstate commerce, and directly affect and influence the volume of interstate commerce; and affect the national credit. (2) The prices established and offered in such transactions are generally disseminated and quoted thro

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 78a — Short title

This chapter may be cited as the “Securities Exchange Act of 1934.”

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 78c — Definitions and application

**(a) Definitions** When used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires— (1) The term “exchange” means any organization, association, or group of persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated, which constitutes, maintains, or provides a market place or facilities for bringing together purchasers and sellers of securities or for otherwise performing with respect to securities the functions commonly performed by a stock exchange as that term is generally understood, and includes the market place and the market facilities maintained by such exchange. (2) The term “facility” when used with respect to an exchange includes its premises, tangible or intangible property whether on the premises or not, any right to the use of such premises or property or any service thereof for the purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction on an exchange (including, among other things, any system of communication to or from the exchange, by ticker or otherwise, maintained by or with the consent of the exchange), and any right of the exchange to the use of any property or service. (3) (A) The term “member” when used with respect to a national securities exchange means (i) any natural person permitted to effect transactions on the floor of the exchange without the services of another person acting as broker, (ii) any registered broker or dealer with which such a natural person is associated, (iii) any registered broker or dealer permitted to designate as a representative such a natural person, and (iv) any other registered broker or dealer which agrees to be regulated by such exchange and with respect to which the exchange undertakes to enforce compliance with the provisions of this chapter, the rules and regulations thereunder, and its own rules. For purposes of section

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 78ff — Penalties

Page 469 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 78ff investment companies, retirement programs, and others; ‘‘(2) consider the impact on different types of inves- tors, such as individual equity holders, individual in- vestment company shareholders, businesses, and other types of investors; ‘‘(3) include in the interpretation of the term ‘in- vestor’ shareholders of entities subject to the fee re- ductions; and ‘‘(4) consider the economic benefits to investors flowing from the fee reductions to include such fac- tors as market efficiency, expansion of investment opportunities, and enhanced liquidity and capital for- mation. ‘‘(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 16, 2002], the Securities and Exchange Commission shall submit to the Congress the report prepared by the Of- fice on the findings of the study conducted under sub- section (a).’’ FEES FROM NATIONAL SECURITIES ASSOCIATIONS FOR MEMBER TRANSACTIONS OTHER THAN ON NATIONAL SECURITIES EXCHANGES Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title V], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–61, provided in part: ‘‘That effective January 1, 1997, every national securities asso- ciation shall pay to the Commission a fee at a rate of one-three-hundredth of one percentum of the aggregate dollar amount of sales transacted by or through any member of such association otherwise than on a na- tional securities exchange (other than bonds, deben- tures, and other evidences of indebtedness) subject to prompt last sale reporting pursuant to the rules of the Commission or a registered national securities associa- tion, excluding any sales for which a fee is paid under section 31 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78ee), and such increase shall be d

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