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5 U.S.C. § 3161 — Employment and compensation of employees
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definition of Temporary Organization.—** For the purposes of this subchapter, the term “temporary organization” means a commission, committee, board, or other organization that—
(1) is established by law or Executive order for a specific period not in excess of three years for the purpose of performing a specific study or other project; and
(2) is terminated upon the completion of the study or project or upon the occurrence of a condition related to the completion of the study or project.
**(b) Employment Authority.—**
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 51 of this title, the head of a temporary organization may appoint persons to positions of employment in a temporary organization in such numbers and with such skills as are necessary for the performance of the functions required of a temporary organization.
(2) The period of an appointment under paragraph (1) may not exceed three years, except that under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management the period of appointment may be extended for up to an additional two years.
(3) The positions of employment in a temporary organization are in the excepted service of the civil service.
**(c) Detail Authority.—** Upon the request of the head of a temporary organization, the head of any department or agency of the Government may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any personnel of the department or agency to that organization to assist in carrying out its duties.
**(d) Compensation.—**
(1) The rate of basic pay for an employee appointed under subsection (b) shall be established under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title.
(2) The rate of basic pay for the chairman, a m
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-5/section-3161-employment-and-compensation-of-employees--ff2f383599.md
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Source location: Title 5, Chapter 31, § 3161; chapter-031-authority-for-employment.md
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**(a) Definition of Temporary Organization.—** For the purposes of this subchapter, the term “temporary organization” means a commission, committee, board, or other organization that—
(1) is established by law or Executive order for a specific period not in excess of three years for the purpose of performing a specific study or other project; and
(2) is terminated upon the completion of the study or project or upon the occurrence of a condition related to the completion of the study or project.
**(b) Employment Authority.—**
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 51 of this title, the head of a temporary organization may appoint persons to positions of employment in a temporary organization in such numbers and with such skills as are necessary for the performance of the functions required of a temporary organization.
(2) The period of an appointment under paragraph (1) may not exceed three years, except that under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management the period of appointment may be extended for up to an additional two years.
(3) The positions of employment in a temporary organization are in the excepted service of the civil service.
**(c) Detail Authority.—** Upon the request of the head of a temporary organization, the head of any department or agency of the Government may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any personnel of the department or agency to that organization to assist in carrying out its duties.
**(d) Compensation.—**
(1) The rate of basic pay for an employee appointed under subsection (b) shall be established under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title.
(2) The rate of basic pay for the chairman, a member, an executive director, a staff director, or another executive level position of a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under [section 5382 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5382&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the rate of basic pay for other positions in a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay for grade GS–15 of the General Schedule under [section 5332 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5332&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) The rate of basic pay for a senior staff position of a temporary organization may, in a case determined by the head of the temporary organization as exceptional, exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized under paragraph (3), but may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for an executive level position under paragraph (2).
(5) In this subsection, the term “basic pay” includes locality pay provided for under [section 5304 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5304&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(e) Travel Expenses.—** An employee of a temporary organization, whether employed on a full-time or part-time basis, may be allowed travel and transportation expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title, while traveling away from the employee’s regular place of business in the performance of services for the temporary organization.
**(f) Benefits.—** An employee appointed under subsection (b) shall be afforded the same benefits and entitlements as are provided temporary employees under this title.
**(g) Return Rights.—** An employee serving under a career or career conditional appointment or the equivalent in an agency who transfers to or converts to an appointment in a temporary organization with the consent of the head of the agency is entitled to be returned to the employee’s former position or a position of like seniority, status, and pay without grade or pay retention in the agency if the employee—
(1) is being separated from the temporary organization for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance; and
(2) applies for return not later than 30 days before the earlier of—
(A) the date of the termination of the employment in the temporary organization; or
(B) the date of the termination of the temporary organization.
**(h) Temporary and Intermittent Services.—** The head of a temporary organization may procure for the organization temporary and intermittent services under [section 3109(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3109/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(i) Acceptance of Volunteer Services.—**
(1) The head of a temporary organization may accept volunteer services appropriate to the duties of the organization without regard to [section 1342 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1342&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) Donors of voluntary services accepted for a temporary organization under this subsection may include the following:
(A) Advisors.
(B) Experts.
(C) Members of the commission, committee, board, or other temporary organization, as the case may be.
(D) A person performing services in any other capacity determined appropriate by the head of the temporary organization.
(3) The head of the temporary organization—
(A) shall ensure that each person performing voluntary services accepted under this subsection is notified of the scope of the voluntary services accepted;
(B) shall supervise the volunteer to the same extent as employees receiving compensation for similar services; and
(C) shall ensure that the volunteer has appropriate credentials or is otherwise qualified to perform in each capacity for which the volunteer’s services are accepted.
(4) A person providing volunteer services accepted under this subsection shall be considered an employee of the Federal Government in the performance of those services for the purposes of the following provisions of law:
(A) Chapter 81 of this title, relating to compensation for work-related injuries.
(B) Chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims.
(C) Chapter 11 of title 18, relating to conflicts of interest.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government may not accept voluntary services for either government or employ personal services exceeding that authorized by law except for emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property. This section does not apply to a corporation getting amounts to make loans (except paid in capital amounts) without legal liability of the United States Government. As used in this section, the term “emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property” does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 1342
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, there shall be established a range of rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service, and each senior executive shall be paid at one of the rates within the range, based on individual performance, contribution to the agency’s performance, or both, as determined under a rigorous performance management system. The lowest rate of the range shall not be less than the minimum rate of basic pay payable under section 5376, and the highest rate, for any position under this system or an equivalent system as determined by the President’s Pay Agent designated under section 5304(d), shall not exceed the rate for level III of the Executive Schedule. The payment of the rates shall not be subject to the pay limitation of section 5306(e) or 5373.
**(b)** Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the applicable maximum shall be level II of the Executive Schedule for any agency that is certified under section 5307 as having a performance appraisal system which, as designed and applied, makes meaningful distinctions based on relative performance.
**(c)** No employee may suffer a reduction in pay by reason of transfer from an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under subsection (b) to an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under subsection (a).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5382
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Pay disparities shall be identified and reduced as follows:
(1) Comparability payments shall be payable within each locality determined to have a pay disparity greater than 5 percent.
(2)
(A) The localities having pay disparities, and the size of those disparities, shall, for purposes of any comparability payment scheduled to take effect in any calendar year, be determined in accordance with the appropriate report, as prepared and submitted to the President under subsection (d)(1) for purposes of such calendar year.
(B) Any computation necessary to determine the size of the comparability payment to become payable for any locality in a year (as well as any determination as to the size of any pay disparity remaining after that comparability payment is made) shall likewise be made using data contained in the appropriate report (described in subparagraph (A)) so prepared and submitted for purposes of such calendar year.
(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the amount of the comparability payments payable under this subsection in a calendar year within any locality in which a comparability payment is payable shall be computed using such percentage as the President determines for such locality under subsection (d)(2), except that—
(A) the percentage for the first calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than ⅕ of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;
(B) the percentage for the second calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 3⁄10 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;
(C) the percentage for the third calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be le
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule.
(2) The General Schedule is a schedule of annual rates of basic pay, consisting of 15 grades, designated “GS–1” through “GS–15”, consecutively, with 10 rates of pay for each such grade. The rates of pay of the General Schedule are adjusted in accordance with section 5303.
**(b)** When payment is made on the basis of an hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the rate is computed from the appropriate annual rate of basic pay named by subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the rules prescribed by [section 5504(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5504/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the other administering Secretaries, shall conduct studies and demonstration projects on the health care delivery system of the uniformed services with a view to improving the quality, efficiency, convenience, and cost effectiveness of providing health care services (including dental care services) under this title to members and former members and their dependents. Such studies and demonstration projects may include the following:
(A) Alternative methods of payment for health and medical care services.
(B) Cost-sharing by eligible beneficiaries.
(C) Methods of encouraging efficient and economical delivery of health and medical care services.
(D) Innovative approaches to delivery and financing of health and medical care services.
(E) Alternative approaches to reimbursement for the administrative charges of health care plans.
(F) Prepayment for medical care services provided to maintain the health of a defined population.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall include in the studies conducted under paragraph (1) alternative programs for the provision of dental care to the spouses and dependents of members of the uniformed services who are on active duty, including a program under which dental care would be provided the spouses and dependents of such members under insurance or dental plan contracts. A demonstration project may not be conducted under this section that provides for the furnishing of dental care under an insurance or dental plan contract.
(3) The Secretary of Defense may include in the studies and demonstration projects conducted under paragraph (1) studies and demonstration projects to provide awards and incentives to members of the armed forces and covered beneficiaries who obtain
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1092
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** There is in the Department of the Army a United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Academy”), for the instruction and preparation for military service of selected persons called “cadets”. The organization of the Academy shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.
**(b)** There shall be at the Academy the following:
(1) A Superintendent.
(2) A Dean of the Academic Board, who is a permanent professor.
(3) A Commandant of Cadets.
(4) Twenty-eight permanent professors.
(5) A chaplain.
(6) A director of admissions.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 7431
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Office of Inspector General** There is hereby established the Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
**(b) Appointment of Inspector General; removal**
(1) The head of the Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program is the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (in this section referred to as the “Special Inspector General”), who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(2) The appointment of the Special Inspector General shall be made on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations.
(3) The nomination of an individual as Special Inspector General shall be made as soon as practicable after the establishment of any program under sections 5211 and 5212 of this title.
(4) The Special Inspector General shall be removable from office in accordance with the provisions of [section 403(b) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section403/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) For purposes of [section 7324 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7324&num=0&edition=prelim), the Special Inspector General shall not be considered an employee who determines policies to be pursued by the United States in the nationwide administration of Federal law.
(6) The annual rate of basic pay of the Special Inspector General shall be the annual rate of basic pay for an Inspector General under [section 403(e) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section403/e&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Duties**
(1) It shall
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5232
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of State shall perform such duties as shall from time to time be enjoined on or intrusted to him by the President relative to correspondences, commissions, or instructions to or with public ministers or consuls from the United States, or to negotiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes, or to memorials or other applications from foreign public ministers or other foreigners, or to such other matters respecting foreign affairs as the President of the United States shall assign to the Department, and he shall conduct the business of the Department in such manner as the President shall direct.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section, “agency” means an Executive agency, but does not include—
(1) a Government controlled corporation;
(2) the Tennessee Valley Authority;
(3) the Virgin Islands Corporation;
(4) the Atomic Energy Commission;
(5) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(6) the Panama Canal Commission; or
(7) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense.
**(b)** Under regulations prescribed and administered by the President, each agency shall review systematically the operations of each of its activities, functions, or organization units, on a continuing basis.
**(c)** The purpose of the reviews includes—
(1) determining the degree of efficiency and economy in the operation of the agency’s activities, functions, or organization units;
(2) identifying the units that are outstanding in those respects; and
(3) identifying the employees whose personal efforts have caused their units to be outstanding in efficiency and economy of operations.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 305
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** Notwithstanding [section 401 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section401&num=0&edition=prelim), in this section:
(1) **Designated federal entity.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The term “designated Federal entity” means Amtrak, the Appalachian Regional Commission, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Denali Commission, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Election Commission, the Election Assistance Commission, the Federal Labor Relations Authority, the Federal Maritime Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Legal Services Corporation, the National Archives and Records Administration, the National Credit Union Administration, the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Labor Relations Board, the National Science Foundation, the Peace Corps, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Smithsonian Institution, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the United States International Trade Commission, the Postal Regulatory Commission, and the United States Postal Service.
(B) *Amtrak.—* — Effective at the beginning of the first fiscal year after a fiscal year for which Amtrak receives no Federal subsidy, subparagraph (A) is amended by striking “Amtrak,”.
(2) **Federal entity.—** — The term “Fe
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