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18 U.S.C. § 549 — Removing goods from customs custody; breaking seals
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, without authority, affixes or attaches a customs seal, fastening, or mark, or any seal, fastening, or mark purporting to be a customs seal, fastening, or mark to any vessel, vehicle, warehouse, or package; or
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-549-removing-goods-from-customs-custody-breaking-seals--2e9efe1ebc.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 27, § 549; chapter-027-customs.md
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Whoever, without authority, affixes or attaches a customs seal, fastening, or mark, or any seal, fastening, or mark purporting to be a customs seal, fastening, or mark to any vessel, vehicle, warehouse, or package; or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.
**(b)** Whoever willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States, is punishable as a principal.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever knowingly and willfully files any false or fraudulent entry or claim for the payment of drawback, allowance, or refund of duties upon the exportation of merchandise, or knowingly or willfully makes or files any false affidavit, abstract, record, certificate, or other document, with a view to securing the payment to himself or others of any drawback, allowance, or refund of duties, on the exportation of merchandise, greater than that legally due thereon, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both, and such merchandise or the value thereof shall be forfeited.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever knowingly and willfully, with intent to defraud the United States, smuggles, or clandestinely introduces or attempts to smuggle or clandestinely introduce into the United States any merchandise which should have been invoiced, or makes out or passes, or attempts to pass, through the customhouse any false, forged, or fraudulent invoice, or other document or paper; or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any Indian who commits against the person or property of another Indian or other person any of the following offenses, namely, murder, manslaughter, kidnapping, maiming, a felony under chapter 109A, incest, a felony assault under section 113, an assault against an individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, felony child abuse or neglect, arson, burglary, robbery, and a felony under [section 661 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section661&num=0&edition=prelim) within the Indian country, shall be subject to the same law and penalties as all other persons committing any of the above offenses, within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States.
**(b)** Any offense referred to in subsection (a) of this section that is not defined and punished by Federal law in force within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States shall be defined and punished in accordance with the laws of the State in which such offense was committed as are in force at the time of such offense.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 1596, act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 596, 46 Stat. 752, related to buildings on boundary. See [section 547 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section547&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 1597, act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 597, 46 Stat. 752, related to fraudulent treatment of goods in warehouses. See [section 548 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section548&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 1598, acts June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 598, 46 Stat. 752; June 25, 1938, ch. 679, § 26, 52 Stat. 1089, related to offenses concerning seals and unlawful removal of goods from custom custody. See [section 549 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section549&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 140
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 549
title or imprisoned not more than two years, or
both.
Merchandise so concealed, removed, or re-
packed, or packages upon which any marks or
numbers have been so altered, defaced, or oblit-
erated, shall be forfeited to the United States.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 717; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994,
108 Stat. 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on section 1597 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Cus-
toms Duties (June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 597, 46
Stat. 752).
This section was rewritten to place the criminal pro-
visions ahead of the forfeiture provisions. This did not
require any substantive changes except omission of ref-
erence to persons aiding. Such persons are made prin-
cipals by section 2 of this title.
The punishment prescribed by section 545 of this title
was inserted to make this section complete without
reference to another section. In doing so it was nec-
essary to rephrase the punishment provision of section
545 of this title, as originally enacted, without change
of substance.
Forfeiture provision was rephrased to make it clear
that forfeiture was not dependent upon conviction.
Changes were made in phraseology.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this
title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $5,000’’.
§ 549. Removing goods from customs custody;
breaking seals
Whoever, without authority, affixes or at-
taches a customs seal, fastening, or mark, or
any seal, fastening, or mark purporting to be a
customs seal, fastening, or mark to any vessel,
vehicle, warehouse, or package; or
Whoever, without authority, willfully re-
moves, breaks, injures, or defaces any customs
seal or other fastening or mark
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 549
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