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19 U.S.C. § 3103 — Investigation of foreign telecommunications trade barriers
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Trade Representative shall conduct an investigation to identify priority foreign countries. Such investigation shall be concluded by no later than the date that is 5 months after August 23, 1988.
**(b) Factors to be taken into account** In identifying priority foreign countries under subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall take into account, among other relevant factors—
(1) the nature and significance of the acts, policies, and practices that deny mutually advantageous market opportunities to telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(2) the economic benefits (actual and potential) accruing to foreign firms from open access to the United States market;
(3) the potential size of the market of a foreign country for telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(4) the potential to increase United States exports of telecommunications products and services, either directly or through the establishment of a beneficial precedent; and
(5) measurable progress being made to eliminate the objectionable acts, policies, or practices.
**(c) Revocations and additional identifications**
(1) The Trade Representative may at any time, after taking into account the factors described in subsection (b)—
(A) revoke the identification of any priority foreign country that was made under this section, or
(B) identify any foreign country as a priority foreign country under this section,
if information available to the Trade Representative indicates that such action is appropriate.
(2) The Trade Representative shall include in the semiannual report submitted to the Congress under [section 2419(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2419/3&num=0&edition=p
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-3103-investigation-of-foreign-telecommunications-trade-barriers--189e7b3f8c.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 19, § 3103; chapter-019-telecommunications-trade.md
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**(a) In general** The Trade Representative shall conduct an investigation to identify priority foreign countries. Such investigation shall be concluded by no later than the date that is 5 months after August 23, 1988.
**(b) Factors to be taken into account** In identifying priority foreign countries under subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall take into account, among other relevant factors—
(1) the nature and significance of the acts, policies, and practices that deny mutually advantageous market opportunities to telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(2) the economic benefits (actual and potential) accruing to foreign firms from open access to the United States market;
(3) the potential size of the market of a foreign country for telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(4) the potential to increase United States exports of telecommunications products and services, either directly or through the establishment of a beneficial precedent; and
(5) measurable progress being made to eliminate the objectionable acts, policies, or practices.
**(c) Revocations and additional identifications**
(1) The Trade Representative may at any time, after taking into account the factors described in subsection (b)—
(A) revoke the identification of any priority foreign country that was made under this section, or
(B) identify any foreign country as a priority foreign country under this section,
if information available to the Trade Representative indicates that such action is appropriate.
(2) The Trade Representative shall include in the semiannual report submitted to the Congress under [section 2419(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2419/3&num=0&edition=prelim) a detailed explanation of the reasons for the revocation under paragraph (1) of this subsection of any identification of any foreign country as a priority foreign country.
**(d) Report to Congress** By no later than the date that is 30 days after the date on which the investigation conducted under subsection (a) is completed, the United States Trade Representative shall submit a report on the investigation to the President and to appropriate committees of the Congress.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) If the President is unable, before the close of the negotiating period, to enter into an agreement under subtitle A with any priority foreign country identified under [section 3103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3103&num=0&edition=prelim) which achieves the general negotiating objectives described in [section 3104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3104/b&num=0&edition=prelim) as defined by the specific objectives established by the President for that country, the President shall take whatever actions authorized under subsection (b) that are appropriate and most likely to achieve such general negotiating objectives.
(2) In taking actions under paragraph (1), the President shall first take those actions which most directly affect trade in telecommunications products and services with the priority foreign country referred to in paragraph (1), unless the President determines that actions against other economic sectors would be more effective in achieving the general negotiating objectives referred to in paragraph (1).
**(b) Actions authorized**
(1) The President is authorized to take any of the following actions under subsection (a) with respect to any priority foreign country:
(A) termination, withdrawal, or suspension of any portion of any trade agreement entered into with such country under—
(i) the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.],
(ii) [section 1821 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1821&num=0&edition=prelim), or
(iii) [section 1351 of th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 828
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 3101
Sec.
3106.
Review of trade agreement implementation
by Trade Representative.
3107.
Compensation authority.
3108.
Consultations.
3109.
Submission of data; action to ensure compli-
ance.
3110.
Study on telecommunications competitive-
ness in United States.
3111.
International obligations.
§ 3101. Findings and purposes
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) rapid growth in the world market for
telecommunications products and services is
likely to continue for several decades;
(2) the United States can improve prospects
for—
(A) the growth of—
(i)
United
States
exports
of
tele-
communications products and services,
and
(ii) export-related employment and con-
sumer services in the United States, and
(B) the continuance of the technological
leadership of the United States,
by undertaking a program to achieve an open
world market for trade in telecommunications
products, services, and investment;
(3) most foreign markets for telecommuni-
cations products, services, and investment are
characterized by extensive government inter-
vention (including restrictive import practices
and discriminatory procurement practices)
which adversely affect United States exports
of telecommunications products and services
and
United
States
investment
in
tele-
communications;
(4) the open nature of the United States tele-
communications market, accruing from the
liberalization and restructuring of such mar-
ket, has contributed, and will continue to con-
tribute, to an increase in imports of tele-
communications products and a growing im-
balance in competitive opportunities for trade
in telecommunications;
(5)
unless
this
imbalance
is
corrected
through the achievement of mutually advan-
tageous market o
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