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18 U.S.C. § 229 — Prohibited activities
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Unlawful Conduct.—** Except as provided in subsection (b), it shall be unlawful for any person knowingly—
(1) to develop, produce, otherwise acquire, transfer directly or indirectly, receive, stockpile, retain, own, possess, or use, or threaten to use, any chemical weapon; or
(2) to assist or induce, in any way, any person to violate paragraph (1), or to attempt or conspire to violate paragraph (1).
**(b) Exempted Agencies and Persons.—**
(1) **In general.—** — Subsection (a) does not apply to the retention, ownership, possession, transfer, or receipt of a chemical weapon by a department, agency, or other entity of the United States, or by a person described in paragraph (2), pending destruction of the weapon.
(2) **Exempted persons.—** — A person referred to in paragraph (1) is—
(A) any person, including a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, who is authorized by law or by an appropriate officer of the United States to retain, own, possess, transfer, or receive the chemical weapon; or
(B) in an emergency situation, any otherwise nonculpable person if the person is attempting to destroy or seize the weapon.
**(c) Jurisdiction.—** Conduct prohibited by subsection (a) is within the jurisdiction of the United States if the prohibited conduct—
(1) takes place in the United States;
(2) takes place outside of the United States and is committed by a national of the United States;
(3) is committed against a national of the United States while the national is outside the United States; or
(4) is committed against any property that is owned, leased, or used by the United States or by any department or agency of the United States, whether the property is within or outside the United States.
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 11B, § 229; chapter-11b-chemical-weapons.md
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**(a) Unlawful Conduct.—** Except as provided in subsection (b), it shall be unlawful for any person knowingly—
(1) to develop, produce, otherwise acquire, transfer directly or indirectly, receive, stockpile, retain, own, possess, or use, or threaten to use, any chemical weapon; or
(2) to assist or induce, in any way, any person to violate paragraph (1), or to attempt or conspire to violate paragraph (1).
**(b) Exempted Agencies and Persons.—**
(1) **In general.—** — Subsection (a) does not apply to the retention, ownership, possession, transfer, or receipt of a chemical weapon by a department, agency, or other entity of the United States, or by a person described in paragraph (2), pending destruction of the weapon.
(2) **Exempted persons.—** — A person referred to in paragraph (1) is—
(A) any person, including a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, who is authorized by law or by an appropriate officer of the United States to retain, own, possess, transfer, or receive the chemical weapon; or
(B) in an emergency situation, any otherwise nonculpable person if the person is attempting to destroy or seize the weapon.
**(c) Jurisdiction.—** Conduct prohibited by subsection (a) is within the jurisdiction of the United States if the prohibited conduct—
(1) takes place in the United States;
(2) takes place outside of the United States and is committed by a national of the United States;
(3) is committed against a national of the United States while the national is outside the United States; or
(4) is committed against any property that is owned, leased, or used by the United States or by any department or agency of the United States, whether the property is within or outside the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, in every case of adjudication required by statute to be determined on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing, except to the extent that there is involved—
(1) a matter subject to a subsequent trial of the law and the facts de novo in a court;
(2) the selection or tenure of an employee, except a 11 So in original. administrative law judge appointed under [section 3105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3105&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) proceedings in which decisions rest solely on inspections, tests, or elections;
(4) the conduct of military or foreign affairs functions;
(5) cases in which an agency is acting as an agent for a court; or
(6) the certification of worker representatives.
**(b)** Persons entitled to notice of an agency hearing shall be timely informed of—
(1) the time, place, and nature of the hearing;
(2) the legal authority and jurisdiction under which the hearing is to be held; and
(3) the matters of fact and law asserted.
When private persons are the moving parties, other parties to the proceeding shall give prompt notice of issues controverted in fact or law; and in other instances agencies may by rule require responsive pleading. In fixing the time and place for hearings, due regard shall be had for the convenience and necessity of the parties or their representatives.
**(c)** The agency shall give all interested parties opportunity for—
(1) the submission and consideration of facts, arguments, offers of settlement, or proposals of adjustment when time, the nature of the proceeding, and the public interest permit; and
(2) to the extent that the parties are unable so to determine a controversy by consent, heari
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 554
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Chemical weapon** — The term “chemical weapon” means the following, together or separately:
(A) A toxic chemical and its precursors, except where intended for a purpose not prohibited under this chapter as long as the type and quantity is consistent with such a purpose.
(B) A munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those toxic chemicals specified in subparagraph (A), which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device.
(C) Any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in subparagraph (B).
(2) **Chemical Weapons Convention; Convention** — The terms “Chemical Weapons Convention” and “Convention” mean the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature on January 13, 1993.
(3) **Key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system** — The term “key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system” means the precursor which plays the most important role in determining the toxic properties of the final product and reacts rapidly with other chemicals in the binary or multicomponent system.
(4) **National of the United States** — The term “national of the United States” has the same meaning given such term in [section 1101(a)(22) of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a/22&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Organization** — The term “Organization” means the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
(6) **Person** — The term “person”, except as otherwise provided, means any individual, corporation, partnership
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Criminal Penalties.—**
(1) **In general.—** — Any person who violates [section 229 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section229&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for any term of years, or both.
(2) **Death penalty.—** — Any person who violates [section 229 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section229&num=0&edition=prelim) and by whose action the death of another person is the result shall be punished by death or imprisoned for life.
**(b) Civil Penalties.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate United States district court against any person who violates [section 229 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section229&num=0&edition=prelim) and, upon proof of such violation by a preponderance of the evidence, such person shall be subject to pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $100,000 for each such violation.
(2) **Relation to other proceedings.—** — The imposition of a civil penalty under this subsection does not preclude any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or administrative remedy, which is available by law to the United States or any other person.
**(c) Reimbursement of Costs.—** The court shall order any person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) to reimburse the United States for any expenses incurred by the United States incident to the seizure, storage, handling, transportation, and destruction or other disposition of any property that was seized in connection with an investigation of the commission of the offense by that person. A person ordered to reimburse the United States for expenses und
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 229A
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Attorney General may request the Secretary of Defense to provide assistance under [section 382 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section382&num=0&edition=prelim) 11 See References in Text note below. in support of Department of Justice activities relating to the enforcement of [section 229 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section229&num=0&edition=prelim) in an emergency situation involving a chemical weapon. The authority to make such a request may be exercised by another official of the Department of Justice in accordance with [section 382(f)(2) of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section382/f/2&num=0&edition=prelim).1
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 229E
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Designation** Pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article VII of the Chemical Weapons Convention, the President shall designate the Department of State to be the United States National Authority.
**(b) Purposes** The United States National Authority shall—
(1) serve as the national focal point for effective liaison with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and other States Parties to the Convention; and
(2) implement the provisions of this chapter in coordination with an interagency group designated by the President consisting of the Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Energy, the Attorney General, and the heads of agencies considered necessary or advisable by the President.
**(c) Director** The Secretary of State shall serve as the Director of the United States National Authority.
**(d) Powers** The Director may utilize the administrative authorities otherwise available to the Secretary of State in carrying out the responsibilities of the Director set forth in this chapter.
**(e) Implementation** The President is authorized to implement and carry out the provisions of this chapter and the Convention and shall designate through Executive order which agencies of the United States shall issue, amend, or revise the regulations in order to implement this chapter and the provisions of the Convention. The Director of the United States National Authority shall report to the Congress on the regulations that have been issued, implemented, or revised pursuant to this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 88
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 229
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE OF 1998 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 105–187, § 1, June 24, 1998, 112 Stat. 618, pro-
vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending this section] may be
cited as the ‘Deadbeat Parents Punishment Act of
1998’.’’
SHORT TITLE
Pub. L. 102–521, § 1, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3403, pro-
vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this section and sec-
tions 3796cc to 3796cc–6 of Title 42, The Public Health
and Welfare, amending section 3563 of this title and sec-
tion 3797 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as
a note under section 12301 of Title 42] may be cited as
the ‘Child Support Recovery Act of 1992’.’’
CHAPTER 11B—CHEMICAL WEAPONS
Sec.
229.
Prohibited activities.
229A.
Penalties.
229B.
Criminal forfeitures; destruction of weapons.
229C.
Individual self-defense devices.
229D.
Injunctions.
229E.
Requests for military assistance to enforce
prohibition in certain emergencies.
229F.
Definitions.
§ 229. Prohibited activities
(a) UNLAWFUL CONDUCT.—Except as provided in
subsection (b), it shall be unlawful for any per-
son knowingly—
(1) to develop, produce, otherwise acquire,
transfer directly or indirectly, receive, stock-
pile, retain, own, possess, or use, or threaten
to use, any chemical weapon; or
(2) to assist or induce, in any way, any per-
son to violate paragraph (1), or to attempt or
conspire to violate paragraph (1).
(b) EXEMPTED AGENCIES AND PERSONS.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Subsection (a) does not
apply to the retention, ownership, possession,
transfer, or receipt of a chemical weapon by a
department, agency, or other entity of the
United States, or by a person described in
paragraph (2), pending destruction of the
weapon.
(2) EXEMPTED PERSONS.—A person re
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 229
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