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28 U.S.C. § 610 — Courts defined
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter the word “courts” includes the courts of appeals and district courts of the United States, the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the District Court of Guam, the District Court of the Virgin Islands, the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the Court of International Trade.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_946e8f6629a1ea4c8dba12ed
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-610-courts-defined--7bb3381f84.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 41, § 610; chapter-041-administrative-office-of-united-states-courts.md
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As used in this chapter the word “courts” includes the courts of appeals and district courts of the United States, the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the District Court of Guam, the District Court of the Virgin Islands, the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the Court of International Trade.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The chief judge of each circuit may summon biennially, and may summon annually, the circuit, district, magistrate, and bankruptcy judges of the circuit, in active service, to a conference at a time and place that he designates, for the purpose of considering the business of the courts and advising means of improving the administration of justice within such circuit. He may preside at such conference, which shall be known as the Judicial Conference of the circuit. The judges of the District Court of Guam, the District Court of the Virgin Islands, and the District Court of the Northern Mariana Islands may also be summoned biennially, and may be summoned annually, to the conferences of their respective circuits.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 333
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States shall be printed, bound, and distributed in the preliminary prints and bound volumes of the United States Reports as soon as practicable after rendition, to be charged to the proper appropriation for the judiciary. The number and distribution of the copies shall be under the control of the Joint Committee on Printing.
**(b)** Reports printed prior to June 12, 1926, shall not be furnished the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force.
**(c)** The Director of the Government Publishing Office, or other printer designated by the Supreme Court of the United States, upon request, shall furnish to the Superintendent of Documents the reports required to be distributed under the provisions of this section.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 411
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The thirteen judicial circuits of the United States are constituted as follows: CircuitsComposition District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia. FirstMaine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island. SecondConnecticut, New York, Vermont. ThirdDelaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands. FourthMaryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. FifthDistrict of the Canal Zone, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas. SixthKentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee. SeventhIllinois, Indiana, Wisconsin. EighthArkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. NinthAlaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii. TenthColorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming. EleventhAlabama, Florida, Georgia. FederalAll Federal judicial districts.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 41
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, circuit judges for the several circuits as follows: CircuitsNumber ofJudges District of Columbia11 First6 Second13 Third14 Fourth15 Fifth17 Sixth16 Seventh11 Eighth11 Ninth29 Tenth12 Eleventh12 Federal12.
**(b)** Circuit judges shall hold office during good behavior.
**(c)** Except in the District of Columbia, each circuit judge shall be a resident of the circuit for which appointed at the time of his appointment and thereafter while in active service. While in active service, each circuit judge of the Federal judicial circuit appointed after the effective date of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, and the chief judge of the Federal judicial circuit, whenever appointed, shall reside within fifty miles of the District of Columbia. In each circuit (other than the Federal judicial circuit) there shall be at least one circuit judge in regular active service appointed from the residents of each state 11 So in original. Probably should be capitalized. in that circuit.
**(d)** Each circuit judge shall receive a salary at an annual rate determined under section 225 of the Federal Salary Act of 1967 ([2 U.S.C. 351–361](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section351–361&num=0&edition=prelim)), as adjusted by [section 461 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section461&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 44
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title the following definitions shall apply:
(1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized.
(2) The term “affiliate” means—
(A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or
(D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement.
(3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, nine judges who shall constitute a court of record to be known as the United States Court of International Trade. Not more than five of such judges shall be from the same political party. The court is a court established under article III of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The offices of the Court of International Trade shall be located in New York, New York.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The District of Columbia constitutes one judicial district.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 88
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, sixteen judges who shall constitute a court of record known as the United States Court of Federal Claims. The court is declared to be a court established under article I of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The President shall designate one of the judges of the Court of Federal Claims who is less than seventy years of age to serve as chief judge. The chief judge may continue to serve as such until he reaches the age of seventy years or until another judge is designated as chief judge by the President. After the designation of another judge to serve as chief judge, the former chief judge may continue to serve as a judge of the court for the balance of the term to which appointed.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 171
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whenever a civil action is filed in a court as defined in [section 610 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section610&num=0&edition=prelim) or an appeal, including a petition for review of administrative action, is noticed for or filed with such a court and that court finds that there is a want of jurisdiction, the court shall, if it is in the interest of justice, transfer such action or appeal to any other such court (or, for cases within the jurisdiction of the United States Tax Court, to that court) in which the action or appeal could have been brought at the time it was filed or noticed, and the action or appeal shall proceed as if it had been filed in or noticed for the court to which it is transferred on the date upon which it was actually filed in or noticed for the court from which it is transferred.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1631
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Disbursing Officers.—** The Director may designate in writing officers and employees of the judicial branch of the Government, including the courts as defined in section 610 other than the Supreme Court, to be disbursing officers in such numbers and locations as the Director considers necessary. Such disbursing officers shall—
(1) disburse moneys appropriated to the judicial branch and other funds only in strict accordance with payment requests certified by the Director or in accordance with subsection (b);
(2) examine payment requests as necessary to ascertain whether they are in proper form, certified, and approved; and
(3) be held accountable for their actions as provided by law, except that such a disbursing officer shall not be held accountable or responsible for any illegal, improper, or incorrect payment resulting from any false, inaccurate, or misleading certificate for which a certifying officer is responsible under subsection (b).
**(b) Certifying Officers.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Director may designate in writing officers and employees of the judicial branch of the Government, including the courts as defined in section 610 other than the Supreme Court, to certify payment requests payable from appropriations and funds. Such certifying officers shall be responsible and accountable for—
(A) the existence and correctness of the facts recited in the certificate or other request for payment or its supporting papers;
(B) the legality of the proposed payment under the appropriation or fund involved; and
(C) the correctness of the computations of certified payment requests.
(2) **Liability.—** — The liability of a certifying officer shall be enforced in the same manner and to the same extent as provided by law with respect to the enforcement
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 613
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