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5 U.S.C. § 5104 — Basis for grading positions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this chapter applies. The General Schedule is divided into grades of difficulty and responsibility of work, as follows:
(1) Grade GS–1 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are to perform, under immediate supervision, with little or no latitude for the exercise of independent judgment—
(A) the simplest routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations; or
(B) elementary work of a subordinate technical character in a professional, scientific, or technical field.
(2) Grade GS–2 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under immediate supervision, with limited latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring some training or experience; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(3) Grade GS–3 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under immediate or general supervision, somewhat difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) some training or experience;
(ii) working knowledge of a special subject matter; or
(iii) to some extent the exercise of independent judgment in accordance with well-established policies, procedures, and techniques; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requir
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Source location: Title 5, Chapter 51, § 5104; chapter-051-classification.md
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The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this chapter applies. The General Schedule is divided into grades of difficulty and responsibility of work, as follows:
(1) Grade GS–1 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are to perform, under immediate supervision, with little or no latitude for the exercise of independent judgment—
(A) the simplest routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations; or
(B) elementary work of a subordinate technical character in a professional, scientific, or technical field.
(2) Grade GS–2 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under immediate supervision, with limited latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring some training or experience; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(3) Grade GS–3 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under immediate or general supervision, somewhat difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) some training or experience;
(ii) working knowledge of a special subject matter; or
(iii) to some extent the exercise of independent judgment in accordance with well-established policies, procedures, and techniques; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(4) Grade GS–4 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under immediate or general supervision, moderately difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) a moderate amount of training and minor supervisory or other experience;
(ii) good working knowledge of a special subject matter or a limited field of office, laboratory, engineering, scientific, or other procedure and practice; and
(iii) the exercise of independent judgment in accordance with well-established policies, procedures, and techniques; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(5) Grade GS–5 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) considerable training and supervisory or other experience;
(ii) broad working knowledge of a special subject matter or of office, laboratory, engineering, scientific, or other procedure and practice; and
(iii) the exercise of independent judgment in a limited field;
(B) to perform, under immediate supervision, and with little opportunity for the exercise of independent judgment, simple and elementary work requiring professional, scientific, or technical training; or
(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(6) Grade GS–6 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) considerable training and supervisory or other experience;
(ii) broad working knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and
(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(7) Grade GS–7 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, work of considerable difficulty and responsibility along special technical or supervisory lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—
(i) considerable specialized or supervisory training and experience;
(ii) comprehensive working knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and
(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment;
(B) under immediate or general supervision, to perform somewhat difficult work requiring—
(i) professional, scientific, or technical training; and
(ii) to a limited extent, the exercise of independent technical judgment; or
(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(8) Grade GS–8 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, very difficult and responsible work along special technical or supervisory lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—
(i) considerable specialized or supervisory training and experience;
(ii) comprehensive and thorough working knowledge of a specialized and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and
(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(9) Grade GS–9 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, very difficult and responsible work along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—
(i) somewhat extended specialized training and considerable specialized, supervisory, or administrative experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work;
(ii) thorough and fundamental knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved; and
(iii) considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment;
(B) with considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform moderately difficult and responsible work, requiring—
(i) professional, scientific, or technical training equivalent to that represented by graduation from a college or university of recognized standing; and
(ii) considerable additional professional, scientific, or technical training or experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work; or
(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(10) Grade GS–10 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general supervision, highly difficult and responsible work along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—
(i) somewhat extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work;
(ii) thorough and fundamental knowledge of a specialized and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved; and
(iii) considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment; or
(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(11) Grade GS–11 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general administrative supervision and with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of marked difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—
(i) extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated important attainments and marked capacity for sound independent action or decision; and
(ii) intimate grasp of a specialized and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved, or of administrative work of marked difficulty;
(B) with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform responsible work of considerable difficulty requiring somewhat extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated important attainments and marked capacity for independent work; or
(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(12) Grade GS–12 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general administrative supervision, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of a very high order of difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—
(i) extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and attainments of a high order in specialized or administrative work; and
(ii) intimate grasp of a specialized and complex subject matter or of the profession, art, or science involved;
(B) under general administrative supervision, and with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform professional, scientific, or technical work of marked difficulty and responsibility requiring extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and attainments of a high order in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration; or
(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(13) Grade GS–13 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of unusual difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines, requiring extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and marked attainments;
(B) to serve as assistant head of a major organization involving work of comparable level within a bureau;
(C) to perform, under administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of unusual difficulty and responsibility requiring extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and marked attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration; or
(D) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(14) Grade GS–14 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of exceptional difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments;
(B) to serve as head of a major organization within a bureau involving work of comparable level;
(C) to plan and direct or to plan and execute major professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized programs, requiring extended training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration, or in administrative, fiscal, or other specialized activities; or
(D) to perform consulting or other professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
(15) Grade GS–15 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—
(A) to perform, under general administrative direction, with very wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of outstanding difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines which has demonstrated leadership and exceptional attainments;
(B) to serve as head of a major organization within a bureau involving work of comparable level;
(C) to plan and direct or to plan and execute specialized programs of marked difficulty, responsibility, and national significance, along professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other lines, requiring extended training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration, or in administrative, fiscal, or other specialized activities; or
(D) to perform consulting or other professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this title, “Executive agency” means an Executive department, a Government corporation, and an independent establishment.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule.
(2) The General Schedule is a schedule of annual rates of basic pay, consisting of 15 grades, designated “GS–1” through “GS–15”, consecutively, with 10 rates of pay for each such grade. The rates of pay of the General Schedule are adjusted in accordance with section 5303.
**(b)** When payment is made on the basis of an hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the rate is computed from the appropriate annual rate of basic pay named by subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the rules prescribed by [section 5504(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5504/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of Congress that Federal pay fixing for employees under the General Schedule be based on the principles that—
(1) there be equal pay for substantially equal work within each local pay area;
(2) within each local pay area, pay distinctions be maintained in keeping with work and performance distinctions;
(3) Federal pay rates be comparable with non-Federal pay rates for the same levels of work within the same local pay area; and
(4) any existing pay disparities between Federal and non-Federal employees should be completely eliminated.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** In order to advance the programs and activities of the Defense Establishment, it is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress to facilitate the interchange of civilian employees of the Defense Establishment between posts of duty in the United States and posts of duty outside the United States through the establishment and operation of programs for the rotation, to the extent consistent with the missions of the Defense Establishment and sound principles of administration, of such employees who are assigned to duty outside the United States.
**(b)** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Defense with respect to civilian employees of the Department of Defense other than employees of a military department, and the Secretary of each military department with respect to civilian employees of such military department, may, under such regulations as each such Secretary may prescribe with respect to the employees concerned and in accordance with the policy and other provisions of this section, establish and operate programs of rotation which provide for the granting of the right to return to a position in the United States to each civilian employee in the department concerned—
(1) who, while serving under a career-conditional or career appointment in the competitive civil service, is assigned at the request of the department concerned to duty outside the United States,
(2) who satisfactorily completes such duty, and
(3) who applies, not later than 30 days after his completion of such duty, for the right to return to a position in the United States as provided by subsection (c).
The Secretary of the department concerned may provide by regulation for the waiver of the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3), or of either of such paragraphs, in
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Responsibility of Secretary** The Secretary, acting through the Bureau, shall be responsible for providing, or for assisting in the provision of, law enforcement services in Indian country as provided in this chapter.
**(b) Office of Justice Services** There is established in the Bureau an office, to be known as the “Office of Justice Services”, that, under the supervision of the Secretary, or an individual designated by the Secretary, shall be responsible for—
(1) carrying out the law enforcement functions of the Secretary in Indian country, and
(2) implementing the provisions of this section.
**(c) Additional responsibilities of Division** Subject to the provisions of this chapter and other applicable Federal or tribal laws, the responsibilities of the Office of Justice Services in Indian country shall include—
(1) the enforcement of Federal law and, with the consent of the Indian tribe, tribal law;
(2) in cooperation with appropriate Federal and tribal law enforcement agencies, the investigation of offenses against criminal laws of the United States;
(3) the protection of life and property;
(4) the development of methods and expertise to resolve conflicts and solve crimes;
(5) the provision of criminal justice remedial actions, correctional and detention services, and rehabilitation;
(6) the reduction of recidivism and adverse social effects;
(7) the development of preventive and outreach programs which will enhance the public conception of law enforcement responsibilities through training and development of needed public service skills;
(8) the assessment and evaluation of program accomplishments in reducing crime;
(9) the development and provision of law enforcement training and technical assistance, including training to properly interview victi
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section—
(1) “underrepresentation” means a situation in which the number of members of a minority group designation (determined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, on the basis of the policy set forth in subsection (b) of this section) within a category of civil service employment constitutes a lower percentage of the total number of employees within the employment category than the percentage that the minority constituted within the labor force of the United States, as determined under the most recent decennial or mid-decade census, or current population survey, under title 13, and
(2) “category of civil service employment” means—
(A) each grade of the General Schedule described in [section 5104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5104&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) each position subject to subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title;
(C) such occupational, professional, or other groupings (including occupational series) within the categories established under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph as the Office determines appropriate.
**(b)** It is the policy of the United States to insure equal employment opportunities for employees without discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The President shall use his existing authority to carry out this policy.
**(c)** Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the Office of Personnel Management shall, by regulation, implement a minority recruitment program which shall provide, to the maximum extent practicable—
(1) that each Executive agency conduct a continuing program for t
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 507
TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES
§ 5104
(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 446; Pub. L.
95–454, title IX, § 906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat.
1224.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Derivation
U.S. Code
Revised Statutes and
Statutes at Large
..................
5 U.S.C. 1083.
Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, § 203, 63
Stat. 956.
..................
5 U.S.C. 1084(c).
Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, § 204(c),
63 Stat. 957.
Sept.
1,
1954,
ch.
1208,
§ 105(b), 68 Stat. 1106.
Former sections 1083 and 1084(c) are combined and re-
stated for clarity. The words ‘‘hereinafter referred to as
the Commission’’ in former section 1083 are omitted as
unnecessary. The exception from ‘‘section 1082 (except
paragraph (7) thereof)’’ in former section 1084(c) is car-
ried into section 5102(d).
Standard changes are made to conform with the defi-
nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined
in the preface to the report.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1978—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted ‘‘Office of Personnel
Management’’ for ‘‘Civil Service Commission’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after
Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as
a note under section 1101 of this title.
§ 5104. Basis for grading positions
The General Schedule, the symbol for which is
‘‘GS’’, is the basic pay schedule for positions to
which this chapter applies. The General Sched-
ule is divided into grades of difficulty and re-
sponsibility of work, as follows:
(1) Grade GS–1 includes those classes of posi-
tions the duties of which are to perform, under
immediate supervision, with little or no lati-
tude for the exercise of independent judg-
ment—
(A) the simplest routi
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