Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
15 U.S.C. § 8517 — Observing system planning
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Under Secretary shall—
(1) develop and maintain a prioritized list of observation data requirements necessary to ensure weather forecasting capabilities to protect life and property to the maximum extent practicable;
(2) consistent with [section 8517 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8517&num=0&edition=prelim), utilize Observing System Simulation Experiments, Observing System Experiments, Analyses of Alternatives, and other appropriate assessment tools to ensure continuous systemic evaluations of the observing systems, data, and information needed to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), including options to maximize observational capabilities and their cost-effectiveness;
(3) identify current and potential future data gaps in observing capabilities related to the requirements listed under paragraph (1); and
(4) determine a range of options to address gaps identified under paragraph (3).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8517
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.
Original supplied file — preserved unchanged
Download original Markdown file
File SHA-256: 0181b3a67a9fb4d5a43bd178bd73f535b9d5e5e0b353d0ede20afb431919400c. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.
Open the recorded source website ↗
Record provenance
Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_8fbe1c76d2c9e8c1f6425f08
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-8517-observing-system-planning--f7ef064638.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: b30976ac1fad070522ba4b6821753ff519b32a96f4f7144c74331d758110838f
Source location: Title 15, Chapter 111, § 8517; chapter-111-weather-research-and-forecasting-innovation.md
Stored source content
The Under Secretary shall—
(1) develop and maintain a prioritized list of observation data requirements necessary to ensure weather forecasting capabilities to protect life and property to the maximum extent practicable;
(2) consistent with [section 8517 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8517&num=0&edition=prelim), utilize Observing System Simulation Experiments, Observing System Experiments, Analyses of Alternatives, and other appropriate assessment tools to ensure continuous systemic evaluations of the observing systems, data, and information needed to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), including options to maximize observational capabilities and their cost-effectiveness;
(3) identify current and potential future data gaps in observing capabilities related to the requirements listed under paragraph (1); and
(4) determine a range of options to address gaps identified under paragraph (3).
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program** The Assistant Administrator for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall conduct a program to develop improved understanding of and forecast capabilities for atmospheric events and their impacts, placing priority on developing more accurate, timely, and effective warnings and forecasts of high impact weather events that endanger life and property.
**(b) Program elements** The program described in subsection (a) shall focus on the following activities:
(1) Improving the fundamental understanding of weather consistent with [section 8511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8511&num=0&edition=prelim), including the boundary layer and other processes affecting high impact weather events.
(2) Improving the understanding of how the public receives, interprets, and responds to warnings and forecasts of high impact weather events that endanger life and property.
(3) Research and development, and transfer of knowledge, technologies, and applications to the National Weather Service and other appropriate agencies and entities, including the United States weather industry and academic partners, related to—
(A) advanced radar, radar networking technologies, and other ground-based technologies, including those emphasizing rapid, fine-scale sensing of the boundary layer and lower troposphere, and the use of innovative, dual-polarization, phased-array technologies;
(B) aerial weather observing systems;
(C) high performance computing and information technology and wireless communication networks;
(D) advanced numerical weather prediction systems and forecasting tools and techniques that improve the forecasting of timing, track, intensity, and severity of high impact weather, including throu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8512a
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short-term management of environmental observations**
(1) **Microsatellite constellations**
(A) *In general* — The Under Secretary shall complete and operationalize the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate–1 and Climate–2 (COSMIC) in effect on the day before April 18, 2017—
(i) by deploying constellations of microsatellites in both the equatorial and polar orbits;
(ii) by integrating the resulting data and research into all national operational and research weather forecast models; and
(iii) by ensuring that the resulting data of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s COSMIC–1 and COSMIC–2 programs are free and open to all communities.
(B) *Annual reports* — Not less frequently than once each year until the Under Secretary has completed and operationalized the program described in subparagraph (A) pursuant to such subparagraph, the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the status of the efforts of the Under Secretary to carry out such subparagraph.
(2) **Integration of ocean and coastal data from the Integrated Ocean Observing System** — In National Weather Service Regions where the Director of the National Weather Service determines that ocean and coastal data would improve forecasts, the Director, in consultation with the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the Assistant Administrator of the National Ocean Service, shall—
(A) integrate additional coastal and ocean observations, and other data and research, from the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) into regional weather forecasts to improve weather forecasts and forecasting decision support systems;
(B) support the development of real-time data sharing products and forecast products in co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8532
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2430
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 8517
1 So in original.
§ 8517. Observing System Simulation Experi-
ments
(a) In general
In support of the requirements of section 8516
of this title, the Assistant Administrator for
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall under-
take Observing System Simulation Experi-
ments, or such other quantitative assessments
as the Assistant Administrator considers appro-
priate, to quantitatively assess the relative
value and benefits of observing capabilities and
systems. Technical and scientific Observing Sys-
tem Simulation Experiment evaluations—
(1) may include assessments of the impact of
observing capabilities on—
(A) global weather prediction;
(B) hurricane track and intensity fore-
casting;
(C) tornado warning lead times and accu-
racy;
(D) prediction of mid-latitude severe local
storm outbreaks; and
(E) prediction of storms that have the po-
tential to cause extreme precipitation and
flooding lasting from 6 hours to 1 week; and
(2) shall be conducted in cooperation with
other appropriate entities within the National
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration,
other Federal agencies, the United States
weather industry, and academic partners to
ensure the technical and scientific merit of re-
sults from Observing System Simulation Ex-
periments or other appropriate quantitative
assessment methodologies.
(b) Requirements
Observing System Simulation Experiments
shall quantitatively—
(1) determine the potential impact of pro-
posed space-based, suborbital, and in situ ob-
serving systems on analyses and forecasts, in-
cluding potential impacts on extreme weather
events across all parts of the Nation;
(2) evaluate and compare observing system
design options; and
(3) assess the relative capabilities and costs
o
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 8517
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.