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16 U.S.C. § 470aaa — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Casual collecting** — The term “casual collecting” means the collecting of a reasonable amount of common invertebrate and plant paleontological resources for non-commercial personal use, either by surface collection or the use of non-powered hand tools resulting in only negligible disturbance to the Earth’s surface and other resources. As used in this paragraph, the terms “reasonable amount”, “common invertebrate and plant paleontological resources” and “negligible disturbance” shall be determined by the Secretary.
(2) **Federal land** — The term “Federal land” means—
(A) land controlled or administered by the Secretary of the Interior, except Indian land; or
(B) National Forest System land controlled or administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.
(3) **Indian Land** — The term “Indian Land” means land of Indian tribes, or Indian individuals, which are either held in trust by the United States or subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States.
(4) **Paleontological resource** — The term “paleontological resource” means any fossilized remains, traces, or imprints of organisms, preserved in or on the earth’s crust, that are of paleontological interest and that provide information about the history of life on earth, except that the term does not include—
(A) any materials associated with an archaeological resource (as defined in [section 470bb(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section470bb/1&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 So in original. A closing parenthesis probably should precede the semicolon. or
(B) any cultural item (as defined in [section 3001 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section3001&num=0&edition=pre
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 1C, § 470aaa; chapter-1c-paleontological-resources-preservation.md
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In this chapter:
(1) **Casual collecting** — The term “casual collecting” means the collecting of a reasonable amount of common invertebrate and plant paleontological resources for non-commercial personal use, either by surface collection or the use of non-powered hand tools resulting in only negligible disturbance to the Earth’s surface and other resources. As used in this paragraph, the terms “reasonable amount”, “common invertebrate and plant paleontological resources” and “negligible disturbance” shall be determined by the Secretary.
(2) **Federal land** — The term “Federal land” means—
(A) land controlled or administered by the Secretary of the Interior, except Indian land; or
(B) National Forest System land controlled or administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.
(3) **Indian Land** — The term “Indian Land” means land of Indian tribes, or Indian individuals, which are either held in trust by the United States or subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States.
(4) **Paleontological resource** — The term “paleontological resource” means any fossilized remains, traces, or imprints of organisms, preserved in or on the earth’s crust, that are of paleontological interest and that provide information about the history of life on earth, except that the term does not include—
(A) any materials associated with an archaeological resource (as defined in [section 470bb(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section470bb/1&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 So in original. A closing parenthesis probably should precede the semicolon. or
(B) any cultural item (as defined in [section 3001 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section3001&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(5) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior with respect to land controlled or administered by the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to National Forest System land controlled or administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.
(6) **State** — The term “State” means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter, the term—
(1) “burial site” means any natural or prepared physical location, whether originally below, on, or above the surface of the earth, into which as a part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, individual human remains are deposited.
(2) “cultural affiliation” means that there is a relationship of shared group identity which can be reasonably traced historically or prehistorically between a present day Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and an identifiable earlier group.
(3) “cultural items” means human remains and—
(A) “associated funerary objects” which shall mean objects that, as a part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, are reasonably believed to have been placed with individual human remains either at the time of death or later, and both the human remains and associated funerary objects are presently in the possession or control of a Federal agency or museum, except that other items exclusively made for burial purposes or to contain human remains shall be considered as associated funerary objects.11 So in original. The period probably should be a comma.
(B) “unassociated funerary objects” which shall mean objects that, as a part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, are reasonably believed to have been placed with individual human remains either at the time of death or later, where the remains are not in the possession or control of the Federal agency or museum and the objects can be identified by a preponderance of the evidence as related to specific individuals or families or to known human remains or, by a preponderance of the evidence, as having been removed from a specific burial site of an individual culturally affiliated with a particular Indian tribe,
(C) “sacred objects” which
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 907
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 470aaa
1 See References in Text note below.
(1) private individuals having collections of
archaeological resources and data which were
obtained before the date of the enactment of
this chapter, and
(2) Federal authorities responsible for the
protection of archaeological resources on the
public lands and Indian lands and professional
archaeologists and associations of professional
archaeologists.
In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall,
to the extent practicable and consistent with
the provisions of this chapter, make efforts to
expand the archaeological data base for the ar-
chaeological resources of the United States
through increased cooperation between private
individuals referred to in paragraph (1) and pro-
fessional archaeologists and archaeological or-
ganizations.
(Pub. L. 96–95, § 11, Oct. 31, 1979, 93 Stat. 727.)
§ 470kk. Savings provisions
(a) Mining, mineral leasing, reclamation, and
other multiple uses
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
repeal, modify, or impose additional restrictions
on the activities permitted under existing laws
and authorities relating to mining, mineral leas-
ing, reclamation, and other multiple uses of the
public lands.
(b) Private collections
Nothing in this chapter applies to, or requires
a permit for, the collection for private purposes
of any rock, coin, bullet, or mineral which is not
an archaeological resource, as determined under
uniform regulations promulgated under section
470bb(1) of this title.
(c) Lands within chapter
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
affect any land other than public land or Indian
land or to affect the lawful recovery, collection,
or sale of archaeological resources from land
other than public land or
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